Suchergebnisse

A number of new technologies for crisis communication is developed based on a now widespread acknowledgment: Information saves lives. But what is really in this realization? The fact that access to information can be equated with access to clean water and food for a refugee? That we no longer need their own exploration crews to track down people which went out to live in the mountains? In the this article I put spotlight on digital map crisis ('crisis mapping') and the importance of an increasingly digitized crisis communication between recipients and donors of humanitarian aid. An initial assertion that discusses the past candidate that more digital communication between professional humanitarian relief agencies and the public contributes to increased efficiency of the traditional relief efforts. Past candidate based on the assumption that the crisis-affected population can provide information that is relevant for response prosecutors, in a manner that is faster and more cost-effective than ever before. In return, crisis victims fervent early response, and through that the taking over of control over the flow of information in response to prosecutors, they also have a greater influence on the welfare services tasks and priorities (Shkabatur 2012: 4). Adapted from the source document.

Provides an introduction to the history of modern Somalia followed by an analysis of the piracy epidemic that started in 2003. Political scientists consider Somalia the archetype of a failed state. The country is essentially divided in Somaliland, Puntland, Southern Somalia, and a number of smaller chiefdoms lacking a central regime and functioning government institutions. While pirate activity started already in 1991, it took twelve years before the activity became professional and well organized. After capturing several larger ships, such as Sirius Star and MV Faina, the pirates have been able to purchase better weaponry and communication devices making them even larger threats to passing ships. L. Pitkaniemi

Throughout history, dictatorship has been the most common form of governance. However, the bifurcation between dictatorships and democracies is relatively new. Prior to the third democratic wave, it was common to divide undemocratic states into dictatorships, tyrannies, monarchies and republics - depending upon the transfer of political power and the size of the ruling class. Pre-modern dictatorships with limited resources often based their legitimacy on religion and tradition, whereas modern dictatorships stayed in power by controlling the arms and communication technologies. Dictatorships in the early 21st century have become less interested in world domination and more focused on keeping their power by avoiding revolutions and civil wars. L. Pitkaniemi

Comments on "refleksprosjektet"; a Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs initiative to define Norwegian foreign policy in a new era faced with global changes in the areas of environment, energy, global warming, health, poverty, world security, technology and communication, international migration, religion, the global economy and changes in Norwegian changes in the areas of oil, the petroleum fund, open society, and global economic dependencies. Comments include the relationship between government initiative reports and practical politics, challenges of future planning, and value of plans to increase experience based learning. Concludes that the value of the initiative is increased focus, interest, debate, and understanding of Norwegian foreign policy issues. References. E. Sundby

This study has developed a tool for explaining why employees fail to speak up with regard to work related criticism; there is a hidden policy of silence that teaches employees to remain silent. This hidden policy is here designated as the "Curriculum Silentium" and is described in detail on the basis of empirical and theoretical data. After identifying a gap between the intentionally and experienced policy for employees freedom of speech in organizations I suggest that there are on-going unofficial, partially hidden learning processes in the organizations. The overall research question is; How does the Curriculum Silentium; the hidden policy of silence among employees, look like? I make an analytic construction of the hidden policy as if it were planned policy, using the didactic categories applicable to organizations. These didactic categories are: goals, content, teaching strategies and the motivation of employees. The empirical data was collected in three different organizations: an elementary school, a home for the elderly and a factory in the process industry, using qualitative methods such as interviews and observation. The theoretical foundation of the study is taken from existing theory within the field of work life research and educational science. The study is not a comparative study of the three organizations, but does involve a comparison of whether and how the Curriculum Silentium is expressed in three such different organizations. The challenge of examining hidden relationships in organizations was met through the development of guidelines for an analytical approach called a critical didactic relations analysis. The study concludes that a hidden policy of silence resembling that presented here exists in organizations where employees fail to voice working life related criticism.