Suchergebnisse

The paper deals with the key features of declared goals' setting by economic agents in Russia. It is aimed at designation an approach to making a comparative assessment of public objectives of federal executive authorities, regional administrations, development institutions and major domestic companies. The authors established a set and values of goal-setting's quality criteria for multicriteria goal analysis. It was identified that federal government's objectives are more modernization- and long-term-oriented but less measurable than corporate ones. It is also found out that the federal state programs demonstrate logical inconsistency between goals, key performance indicators and expected outcomes. The results suggest that an approach to goal-setting in Russia is non-system-based and nonfunctional at all levels of management. These findings will be of interest to experts and scholars for improving corporate and government strategic documents' creation.

The article presents the author's classification of the "catching-up modernization" models typical for Russia and Japan at the initial stage of acceleration of industrial development. The common features of the "state-national" model (Japan) and the "least resistance" model (Russia) are identified and characterized, and their comparative analysis is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the country features that have had a huge impact on the formation of national types of "catch-up modernization" model and their practical implementation. The role of the state, traditionally strong in Russia and Japan, is noted, and its change in the process of "catching up modernization" is traced. The degree of influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on the implementation of large-scale transformation of Russian and Japanese economic systems is analyzed. It is concluded that the development of national economies of the countries under consideration was a natural result and reflection of their types of the model of "catching-up modernization".

The paper suggests a system of social and economic performance indicators of the development of entrepreneurship and on their basis of the given method allowing you to undertake a comparative assessment of business development at sub-national level.

Considering that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of country and taking into account the changes in the modern world economy, we investigated the problem of increasing the SMEs' contribution into national economy by using new opportunities of business environment . The problem can be solved through the participation of SMEs in the links of the global value chain with high added value. However, it is necessary to find new instruments for SMEs' support. The study is aimed at discovering relevant SMEs support tools focused on increasing the added value. The research is based on content and comparative analysis of the European Union and China experience using the material from the European Commission reports, national programs of European countries and China. The research terminology and analysis algorithm were refined. The set of new tools of SMEs support is presented in the context of groups and national characteristics. In European countries non-financial tools dominate among state support forms. They include creating special niches for small enterprises in the global value chain and giving SMEs access to the national supply base. In China non-state support forms dominate with a larger share of financial tools, including the provision of resources by participants of the value chains within regional integration associations, by financial units of large companies. The research results are addressed to the representatives of SMEs, large companies, public authorities. © 2019 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved. ; Статья подготовлена в рамках международного проекта № GA AA/9/2018 (Grant Agency of the Academic Alliance — Czech Republic) «Comparative Methodology and it Application by Examining the Specific International Business Environment (Case study of China)» ; Th e article has been prepared within the international project № GA AA/9/2018 (Grant Agency of the Academic Alliance — Czech Republic) «Comparative Methodology and it Application by Examining the Specific International Business Environment (Case study of China)».

The article analyses the theoretical bases of the Scandinavian economic model, that in recent decades has achieved successes in constructing a society of general wellbeing and insignificant social inequality against the background of a growing world gap between rich and poor. The Northern European economic model is based on the heritage and elaborations of the Stockholm school of economics, one of whose representatives, Gunnar Myrdal, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1974. This theoretical trend in many ways anticipated the popular economic ideas of the twentieth century. It also formulated the concept of the "home for the peoples", on which the Swedish economic miracle was based. Within the context of this tendency, conclusions were drawn on the need for state and social influence (the influence of non-market methods of economic management). Further, it is possible to rank the countries of the developed capitalist world on the basis of the degree to which they have socialised the capitalist system. In this classification the Scandinavian countries hold leading positions, and are prime examples of countries where capitalism has undergone a high level of socialisation. At the same time, they have effectively functioning private, state and social mechanisms of support for the economic system. The need to socialise capitalism is also examined by adherents of the post-Soviet school of critical Marxism. As the outcome of his study, the author of this article presents a comparative analysis of these two currents in economics.

Nowadays, comparative research in the field of small business in the border regions of Russia and Kazakhstan plays an important role, as both countries are willing to increase the relevance of this sector in the national economy. A theoretical review on the topic has demonstrated the need to intensify research focused on the development problems of the Russian-Kazakh regions, including assessments of the business sector. The study aims to comparatively assess the contribution of the border regions to the development of small business in Russia and Kazakhstan and examine the reaction of their business community to changes in the environment. I hypothesise that, in the period from 2011 to 2018, the share of the Russian and Kazakh border regions in the indicators of small business development has not changed significantly. The analysis is based on the author's calculations of the ratio of the border regions in terms of four indicators of small business development: the number of subjects, the number of employees, turnover, and outputs. The analysis results showed that the border regions of both countries are hardly «sensitive» to government initiatives aimed at the business activity promotion. The values of the indicators of small business development either remain the same (as in Russia) or decrease (as in Kazakhstan). Simultaneously, the border regions of both countries demonstrate a high migration outflow that could be gradually reduced by the business sector. The significance of small business in these processes is underestimated: this economic entity organizes the flow of material, labour, and financial resources, as well as participates in socio-political processes and spatial planning in the border areas. The further research directions include comparative assessments of the development of individual entrepreneurs and medium-sized business, analysis of institutional mechanisms for small business development in the border area. Follow-up studies should also focus on developing the proposals for improving regional and municipal strategies and programmes to strengthen their border context. ; Актуальность компаративных исследований в сфере малого предпринимательства в приграничных регионах России и Казахстана обусловлена стремлением обеих стран повысить значимость этого сектора в национальной экономике. Теоретический обзор публикаций по приграничной тематике показал необходимость активизации исследований, охватывающих проблемы развития именно российско-казахстанских регионов, в том числе оценок предпринимательского сектора. Основная цель исследования заключается в сравнительной оценке вклада приграничных регионов в развитие малого предпринимательства России и Казахстана, а также реакции предпринимательского сообщества этих территорий на изменения среды. Гипотеза: доля российских и казахстанских приграничных регионов существенно не изменилась в показателях развития малого предпринимательств за 2011–2018 гг. В качестве аналитической базы представлены авторские расчеты удельных весов приграничных регионов в разрезе четырех показателей развития малого предпринимательства — количества субъектов, численности работников, оборота и выпуска продукции. Результаты анализа показали, что приграничные регионы обеих стран практически «нечувствительны» к правительственным институтам стимулирования предпринимательской активности. Они либо остаются на том же уровне показателей развития малого предпринимательства, как в России, либо ухудшают свои позиции, как в Казахстане. При этом для приграничных регионов обеих стран характерен высокий миграционный отток, постепенно снизить который мог бы и предпринимательский сектор, чья значимость как экономического субъекта, организующего потоки материальных, трудовых и финансовых ресурсов, и как участника социально-политических процессов и пространственного планирования на приграничных территориях в этих процессах недооценена. Направлениями дальнейших исследований в этой сфере могут стать сравнительные оценки развития индивидуальных предпринимателей и среднего бизнеса, анализ институциональных механизмов развития малого предпринимательства в условиях приграничья, разработка предложений по совершенствованию региональных и муниципальных стратегий и программ с целью усиления в них приграничного контекста. ; The article has been prepared in accordance with the plan of Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2019–2021. ; Статья подготовлена в рамках плана НИР Института экономики УрО РАН на 2019–2021 гг.

Digitalization and the rapid development of society determine the need to adapt legislation and law enforcement practice to the requirements of the digital age. Antitrust policy is also changing and developing tools that allow timely response to the challenges of the digital economy. One such tool is behavioral economics, which is becoming increasingly important in today's digital environment, and allows regulators to be flexible and contribute to the achievement of the main goals of competition law — to maintain a competitive state of the market and avoid the concentration of excessive power in the hands of one economic entity.The practice of applying behavioral economics by antitrust authorities is becoming more extensive, as there is a large pool of data in the digital environment, including information about consumers, which can be used by companies to influence users, as well as lead to unfair competition. Thus, the paper will study the issue of using behavioral economics in terms of consumer choice by antitrust authorities in order to identify possible behavioral insights of consumers that affect the correct establishment of product markets and the identification of competition law violations by companies.Applying the legal doctrinal approach, the descriptive method, and the comparative law method makes it possible to establish the issue's relevance in different countries and the prospects and trajectories of the usage of behavioral economics in antitrust practice.As a result of the study, a global trend has been established in the application of behavioral economics by antitrust authorities both in determining the boundaries of commodity markets and in detecting violations of antitrust laws. It is concluded that the use of such a tool will continue, as it contributes to the timely adaptation of existing antitrust laws to the challenges of the digital age, contributes to the achievement of competition law goals, and creates a thriving competitive environment. ; Цифровизация и стремительное развитие ...

Considering that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of country and taking into account the changes in the modern world economy, we investigated the problem of increasing the SMEs' contribution into national economy by using new opportunities of business environment . The problem can be solved through the participation of SMEs in the links of the global value chain with high added value. However, it is necessary to find new instruments for SMEs' support. The study is aimed at discovering relevant SMEs support tools focused on increasing the added value. The research is based on content and comparative analysis of the European Union and China experience using the material from the European Commission reports, national programs of European countries and China. The research terminology and analysis algorithm were refined. The set of new tools of SMEs support is presented in the context of groups and national characteristics. In European countries non-financial tools dominate among state support forms. They include creating special niches for small enterprises in the global value chain and giving SMEs access to the national supply base. In China non-state support forms dominate with a larger share of financial tools, including the provision of resources by participants of the value chains within regional integration associations, by financial units of large companies. The research results are addressed to the representatives of SMEs, large companies, public authorities. © 2019 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved. ; Выявлены актуальные способы поддержки малых и средних предприятий, сфокусированных на увеличении создаваемой ими добавленной стоимости, на основе контент-анализа национальных программ и компаративного анализа опыта ряда стран Европейского союза и Китая. ; The article has been prepared within the international project No GA AA/9/2018 (Grant Agency of the Academic Alliance - Czech Republic) Comparative Methodology and it Application by Examining the Specific International Business Environment (Case study of

The results of the study represent the Russian experience in the sociological study of the non-criminal "shadow" labor market, including the identification of trends in its development, analysis of socio-economic mechanisms, in particular the socio-psychological attitudes of participants in "shadow" processes, norms of legal and economic consciousness, value orientations, and motives of behavior. that determine the massive participation in the non-criminal "shadow" economy of representatives of different social, demographic and professional groups.