Suchergebnisse

The vast sums of money generated by sport worldwide have meant that the laws of economic competition have an important role to play in the organization and regulation of the industry. This volume offers a comparative perspective on the economics of sport and highlights both the similarities and differences in the North American and European models of sport. It tackles policy issues, such as organizing, financing and regulation of team sports alongside theoretical issues regarding income redistribution and competitive balance. It also evaluates the impact of sport and sports events on local com

ABSTRACT. The authors of this article review the late E. Lynn Turgeon's contributions to economics, including his studies of the Soviet economy, use of qualitative and demographic analyses, his Keynesian critique of U.S. economic performance, and his critique of international financial markets. Turgeon's comparative approach led to unique insights about the challenges that confronted planned economies, including the differential impact of military spending on the demand‐constrained economy of the United States and the supply‐constrained economy of the Soviet Union. His study of the Soviet and planned economies also informed his analysis of the U.S. economy and international adjustment mechanisms. Turgeon argued for expansionary fiscal and neutral monetary policies, prudential restrictions on portfolio capital flows, and increased foreign direct investment and foreign assistance to shift the burdens of adjustment from deficit to surplus countries. Throughout his career, Turgeon measured economic policies by their effects on real people, including impacts on employment, the environment, living standards, and distributions of income and wealth.

The term 'substantive subsidiarity' characterizes a radical position in the major debate in the European Union (EU) on how to structure territorially‐based power in a closely interlinked economy. A similar debate took place in the period between the 1950s and the early 1990s over the need for radical reform of spatial economic and power structures in Canada and less developed countries. The difficulty in constructing supporting arguments from economics for both these positions can be better understood by looking at the whole range of economic thought on spatial structures. A characterization of this range into three models reveals how economics generally supports centralizing tendencies. The assumptions required to make a case for stronger, more local authorities in the EU, Canada or less developed economies are shown to be restrictive. The article concludes that the case for substantive subsidiarity in the EU, which calls for radical decentralization to more local levels of government, claiming efficiency and equity gains, faces a similar challenge to that faced by earlier economists writing on less developed economies.L'expression 'subsidiarité rélle' définit une position radicale dans le grand débat qui anime l'Union Européenne sur la manière de structurer un pouvoir sur un territoire, dans une économie interdépendante. Entre les années 1950 et le début des années 1990, des discussions similaires se sont déroulées sur la nécessité de réformer profondément les structures spatiales du pouvoir et de l'économie au Canada et dans des pays sous‐développés. Dans les deux cas, on peut plus aisément appréhender la difficulté de trouver dans l'économie une source d'arguments favorables, si on observe l'éventail des pensées économiques sur les structures spatiales; en ramenant cette palette à trois modèles caractéristiques, on peut établir que l'économie penche généralement vers la centralisation. Par ailleurs, l'article démontre la nature restrictive des hypothèses permettant de dépeindre des autorités à la fois plus fortes et plus locales dans l'UE, au Canada ou dans des économies en développement. L'article conclut que la défense d'une subsidiarité réelle au sein de l'UE – appelant à une décentralisation radicale à des niveaux plus locaux de gouvernement, tout en revendiquant des gains d'efficacité et d'équité– est confrontée à un défi similaire à celui qu'ont rencontré les économistes passés quand ils écrivaient sur les économies en développement.

The Past, Present and Future of Comparative Law and Economics / Giovanni B. Ramello -- Markets, Contracts, and Firms: A Unified Model of Organizational Choice / Thomas J. Miceli -- Law, Social Norms, and Standards: Their Nexus with Government and their Impact on the Economic Performance of Nation States / Nicholas Mercuro -- The Market for Legal Innovation: Law and Economics in Europe and the United States / Nuno Garoupa and Thomas S. Ulen -- Principles, Tolerance and Institutional Torpor / Enrico Colombatto -- Structure and Style in Comparative Property Law / Yun-chien Chang and Henry E. Smith -- A Comparative View of Local Tax and Expenditure Limitations and their Consequences / Federico Revelli -- Iron Fist in a Velvet Glove? Judicial Behavior in Mixed Courts / Valerie P. Hans and Anne Jolivet -- Global Competition Law Convergence: Potential Roles for Economics / David J. Gerber -- The Comparative Law and Economics of Energy Markets / Giuseppe Bellantuono -- A Comparative Law and Economics Analysis of Damages for Patent Infringement / Thomas F. Cotter -- The Comparative Economics of International Intellectual Property Agreements / Peter K. Yu -- Copyright and Tort as Mirror Models: On Not Mistaking for the Right Hand What the Left Hand is Doing / Wendy J. Gordon -- The Eurozone Crisis, the Defective Policy Response and the Need for Institutional Innovation / Enrico Marelli and Marcello Signorelli -- The Effect of Stakes on Settlement: An Empirical Lesson from Taiwan / Kuo-Chang Huang -- Comparative Judicial Efficiency: Examining Case Disposition in Five Countries' Courts of Last Resort / Anthony Kreis, John Szmer and Robert K. Christensen -- Copyright Law and the Supply of Creative Work: Evidence from the Movies / Ivan Paak Liang Png and Qiu-hong Wang -- International Environmental Agreement Effectiveness: A Review of Empirical Studies / Kendall A. Houghton and Helen T. Naughton -- The American and the European Market of Human Experimentation, A Comparative Study on Regulation and Competitiveness / Antonella Foddis and Roberto Ippoliti.