Suchergebnisse

The competence of the judicial authority in deciding the validity of parliamentary membership The law of the election defines the procedure related to the electoral process stage and relevant to voting, sorting and then declaration of the results. It is common for disputes to occur about the validity of the electoral process. Such disputes are called the validity of parliamentary membership, where it is necessary to state the competent authority which shall assume to examine and consider such disputes in the issues of the validity and legitimacy of the membership, so as to ensure non-occupancy of the seats therein the parliament by who does not actually and in fact represent the nation or who seized unlawfully its will. Just to give a chance for the voters to raise an appeal the validity thereof shall constitute an important guarantee for the true representation to the will of the nation, as this is shall be through investigating the appeal to reveal what is vitiating the election in terms of errors and defects conduced to have the unqualified candidate win the parliament membership, and therefore, shall rectify such errors and defect to invalidate the election made in the electoral district and to take action to cause the process of election once again in accordance to the procedures the election law requires. The study herein is an endeavor to define the controls that the Court of Appeal of Jordan is adopting while addressing the matter of the validity of the electoral appeals on the occasion of the parliamentary elections.

Although social work is flourishing by many outward signs, such as the increased number of schools of social work, it is argued that this growth has not honored obligations in our code of ethics, for example to inform clients, to empower them, and to offer competent services. A great disconnect continues between what we say we do and value and what we actually do. Change in this pattern will be encouraged by increased client access to information over the Internet and the evidence-based practice movement, which encourages transparency of what is done and to what effect, and involvement of clients as informed participants in decisions that affect their lives.

"De Europese grondrechten (EU en EVRM) zijn belangrijker dan ooit voor diverse terreinen van het Nederlandse bestuursrecht en overheidsaansprakelijkheidsrecht. Welke ontwikkelingen op het terrein van deze grondrechten en het Nederlandse bestuursrecht staan ons de komende jaren te wachten? Deze uitgave biedt diepgaand en actueel inzicht."--

External evaluations by an international committee of the scientific risk assessment and decision-making processes of the Netherlands Competent Authority for the authorisation of plant protection products and biocides (Ctgb) were conducted in 2013 and 2018. Based on the experience drawn from them, a general guidance for such visitations is suggested. An international visitation committee examined the structure and management of the Authority, its human resources and staff policy, the scientific processes and output, the documentation and communication of its decisions and the mechanisms for keeping up to date with international scientific developments. Attention was paid to the degree of openness and transparency throughout the organisation and in particular when dealing with confidential information. From the experience gained it can be concluded that visitations not aiming at finding mistakes and omissions but instead focusing on recommendations and constructive suggestions will result in cooperation, mutual trust and acceptance of the recommendations made. A follow-up visitation after a few years can be effective in maintaining a traceable, high-level scientific output. In view of the strong drive towards the European Union-wide harmonisation of the regulatory practices of hazardous chemicals, a voluntary evaluation of regulatory authorities' scientific performance is recommended as a means for organisational learning.

This article is devoted to the roots of material and procedural legal problems arising in the course of the automatic exchange of information between the European Union (EU) and Russia. This matter is topical since automatic exchange of information is a method of cooperation between tax authorities from different countries that is new and rapidly developing. From our point of view, it is high time to discuss some of the legal problems that are inherent in automatic exchange of information. As far as we can see, the fundamental problems are: (1) th problem of choosing an appropriate legal basis for automatic exchange of information and (2) the problem of the international standards for automatic exchange of information developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) being implemented to differing extents in the national legislation of different countries. In this article we suggest ways of solving the aforementioned problems in order to make automatic exchange of information between the EU and Russia more comfortable at the intergovernmental level. The solution of these problems will help to concentrate on another issue – the problem of protecting taxpayers' rights, primarily the right to confidentiality, which is beyond the scope of this article but still very important in the light of the enhancement of global tax transparency.

Protection of environment and human health is major concern for European Union. European Commission has established integrated pollution prevention and control directive and directives concerning large combustion plants (LCP) and waste incineration (WI) plants to prevent emissions from industrial installations. The LCP and WI directives set the lowest requirements such as emission limit values and monitoring requirements that the operators have to comply in EU. European Commission has also published best available technique (BAT) reference documents to help authorities determine the requirements in environmental permits for the installations. This thesis is looking into the authority requirements for continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) that are set by the competent authorities in Spain, Estonia, France, Poland, Czech and UK. Power plants have to monitor and report air emissions with the help of CEMS. It consists of measurement equipment, analysers and sample conditioning systems as well as environmental data management solution. Directives and standards set the requirements for the CEMS, but still requirements differ between the target countries. For instance, according to the study only in UK certification (MCERTS) for the analyser is required and only in Spain plant owner is not allowed to perform the compliance reporting of the plants emissions. It is the responsibility of competent authority. Also the charging and trading emissions differ between the target countries. The coming directive on industrial emissions will be possibly accepted in the end of 2010. It will unify and straiten the requirements. Emission limit values will lower and the emission monitoring requirements will be stricter. Due to the directive, the importance of the use of best available technique will be emphasized. BAT reference documents for large combustion plants and monitoring emissions are reviewed in 2010. The subject of this thesis was wide and the special requirements are presented in general level. Further studies can use this thesis as a ground for more detailed research in monitoring and reporting emissions from power plants in EU. More research should be done because monitoring of local environmental legislation of Member States is ongoing process. /Kir10

"Broken Reeds and Competent Farmers" explores the gendered work and
self-representations of slaveholding widows in the southeastern United
States during the early nineteenth century. Often associated with
Margaret Mitchell's fabled character Scarlett O'Hara by nonacademics,
these widows illuminate the flexibility of elite southern

gender roles and undermine the region's reputation for maintaining
unusually rigid and static forms of patriarchy. Throughout Virginia, the
Carolinas, and Georgia, slaveholding widows brought recognizably feminine
attributes, like wifely obedience, maternal devotion, domesticity, and
widows' weeds--the all-black costume of first mourning-- into the
normatively male arenas of agricultural production and financial
management. Doing so enabled widows to negotiate not only with slaves,
overseers, and relatives, but also with complex and contradictory notions
of the duties and the identities appropriate to women of their class
and race. Neither "masters" nor "deputy husbands," slaveholding widows
derived a range of powers--from authority to coercion --from their
status as independent inferiors in the white man's world of household
management.

This work focuses on the development and application of appropriate software tools for recording, assessing and reporting data related to the operation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants (UWTPs) in Cyprus. An appropriate Internet-Based Management System was designed, developed and installed at the premises of the UWTPs and of the Cypriot Competent Authority (Water Development Department - WDD) in order to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for monitoring the operation of UWTPs. In addition, a client Geographical Information System database was compiled to be used for obtaining and analyzing spatial information. The software tools are based on common procedures and state-of-the-art technology for the recording and transmission of data and information and they provide an integrated view related to the operation and the efficiency of wastewater treatment systems. Moreover, continuous control and systematic monitoring of the UWTPs by the operators as well as continuous and direct supervision of the UWTPs environmental performance is achieved by the personnel of the Competent Authority. Furthermore, direct and unobstructed provision of data to the Competent Authority of Cyprus is accomplished by the operators of the UWTPs, while the Competent Authority is supported to compose full and representative reports to the European Commission and other International Organizations. The developed tools enable the direct recording of data obtained through measurements and analyses, permit the comparison of data with existing legislation and provide an integrated picture of the operation of the wastewater treatment plants as well as the option to focus and assess each individual treatment stage. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006.

In an effort to comply with European requirements, the State legislator has introduced a special administrative review for public procurement matters, entrusting an independent administrative authority with the task of settling the disputes. However, the autonomous regions are entrusted with the task of regulating them. In this context, Castilla y León plans to introduce a Public Procurement Review Administrative Court, with the peculiarity of being attached to the Consultative Council of the Autonomous Region. ; En su intento por cumplir con las exigencias europeas, el legislador estatal ha introducido un recurso administrativo especial en materia de contratación pública, cuya resolución se encarga a un órgano administrativo independiente. No obstante, su regulación se entrega a las CCAA. En este contexto, Castilla y León prevé la creación del Tribunal Administrativo de Recursos Contractuales, que –como singularidad– se adscribe al Consejo Consultivo de la CA.

EFSA was requested by the European Commission to consider the impact of glyphosate residues in feed on animal health in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002. The current report presents the assessment of the available information on glyphosate residues in feed, including feed imported from outside the European Union (i.e. third countries) and the conclusions on the possible impact of those residues on animal health. The conclusions of this scientific report were reached on the basis of the initial evaluation carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, Germany, using data made available by industry, on the existing EFSA Conclusion on glyphosate as well as on the basis of a literature review conducted by EFSA. The current report is delivered at the same time as the EFSA Reasoned Opinion on the review of existing maximum residue levels for glyphosate according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. With regard to the assessment of the impact of glyphosate and its residues on animal health, considering the available data, glyphosate is not expected to have a major impact, if any, on animal health. ; EU; EN; pdf; pesticides.peerreview@efsa.europa.eu

In the face of confusion that a constitutional state of exception can generate, especially regarding determinate who is the holder of the powers to face it. This work seeks to give a certainty quota, which allows orienting the concurrence of central and communal authorities on said stage. In that sense, despite that the natural autonomy of the local council, it postulates the superiority of the Head of State, in contrast to the municipal act, because of the governmental origin of the declaration of a state of exception. However, this it also justifies the municipal intervention, expressed in the duties of collaboration and coordination with the central authority, like a product of the systemic unity that characterizes the public administration. ; Ante la confusión que puede generar un estado de excepción, específicamente en lo que respecta a determinar quién es el titular de las competencias para enfrentarlo, este trabajo busca otorgar una cuota de certeza que permita orientar la concurrencia de autoridades centrales y comunales en dicho escenario. En tal sentido, y a pesar del carácter autónomo de los municipios, postula la preponderancia del jefe de Estado frente al actuar municipal en un contexto de excepción constitucional, como consecuencia del origen gubernativo de dicha declaración. Sin perjuicio de ello, también justifica la intervención del municipio, amparada en sus deberes de colaboración y coordinación con la autoridad central que emanan de la unidad sistémica que caracteriza a la Administración Pública.

In Federalism and Subsidiarity, a distinguished interdisciplinary group of scholars in political science, law, and philosophy address the application and interaction of the concept of federalism within law and government. What are the best justifications for and conceptions of federalism? What are the most useful criteria for deciding what powers should be allocated to national governments and what powers reserved to state or provincial governments? What are the implications of the principle of subsidiarity for such questions? What should be the constitutional standing of cities in federations