As data management applications grow more complex, they may need efficient distributed query processing, but also subscription management, data archival etc. To enact such applications, the current solution consists of stacking several systems together. The juxtaposition of different computing models prevents reasoning on the application as a whole, and wastes important opportunities to improve performance. We present a simple extension to the AXML language, allowing it to declaratively specify and deploy complex applications based solely on XML and XML queries. Our main contribution is a full algebraic model for complex distributed AXML computations. While very expressive, the model is conceptually uniform, and enables numerous powerful optimizations across a distributed complex process. This work was partially supported by the French Government ACI MDP2P and the eDos EU project.
As data management applications grow more complex, they may need efficient distributed query processing, but also subscription management, data archival etc. To enact such applications, the current solution consists of stacking several systems together. The juxtaposition of different computing models prevents reasoning on the application as a whole, and wastes important opportunities to improve performance. We present a simple extension to the AXML language, allowing it to declaratively specify and deploy complex applications based solely on XML and XML queries. Our main contribution is a full algebraic model for complex distributed AXML computations. While very expressive, the model is conceptually uniform, and enables numerous powerful optimizations across a distributed complex process. This work was partially supported by the French Government ACI MDP2P and the eDos EU project.
As data management applications grow more complex, they may need efficient distributed query processing, but also subscription management, data archival etc. To enact such applications, the current solution consists of stacking several systems together. The juxtaposition of different computing models prevents reasoning on the application as a whole, and wastes important opportunities to improve performance. We present a simple extension to the AXML language, allowing it to declaratively specify and deploy complex applications based solely on XML and XML queries. Our main contribution is a full algebraic model for complex distributed AXML computations. While very expressive, the model is conceptually uniform, and enables numerous powerful optimizations across a distributed complex process. This work was partially supported by the French Government ACI MDP2P and the eDos EU project.
Universités : Université scientifique et médicale de Grenoble et Institut national polytechnique de Grenoble ; On expose les propriétés générales des graphes de surclassement et une condition suffisante pour qu'un graphe de surclassement sort sans circuit. On étudie la recherche de structures latentes. On établit le caractère erroné d'une conjecture Marschack pour tout ensemble de plus de 5 éléments. On caractérise les graphes values admettant certaines structures latentes. On propose un algorithme pour engendrer des "états de l'opinion
Universités : Université scientifique et médicale de Grenoble et Institut national polytechnique de Grenoble ; On expose les propriétés générales des graphes de surclassement et une condition suffisante pour qu'un graphe de surclassement sort sans circuit. On étudie la recherche de structures latentes. On établit le caractère erroné d'une conjecture Marschack pour tout ensemble de plus de 5 éléments. On caractérise les graphes values admettant certaines structures latentes. On propose un algorithme pour engendrer des "états de l'opinion
Chennai (ex Madras) is one of the four largest Indian megapoles in metropolisation and belongs to the third federal economic power. The capital of the most urbanised Indian state is an interesting case of study that helps to understand the impact of globalisation and new post-liberalisation growth strategies on metropolitan repositions. Thanks to the declared desire of the Tamil Nadu government to develop economic sectors such as IT and automotive, as a result of the economies of agglomeration linked to the reorganisation of former activities (chemicals, steel, textiles and leather), due to a high level of education and the presence of skilled jobs, Chennai is now part of the globalisation movement, especially as it is the Indian metropolis that have attracted the most foreign direct investment in recent years. This growing internationalisation, accompanied by encouraging urban planning, has encouraged regional specialisation along urban corridors. The strategy for the creation of all parts of new industrial parks, special economic zones, educational and research institutes and townships (small closed towns), is involved in the process of devolution and redeployment of both economic and residential functions from the city to urban areas; it contributes to polycentric urban development. ; Chennai is one of the four important Indian "megacities" that have lined up at home and that ranks 3rd as a federal economic power. As the capital of the most highly urbanized Indian state, Chennai is an interesting case study enabling the comprehension of global impact and new strategies concerning the post liberal development on metropolitan restructuring. Thanks to the determination of the Government of Tamil Nadu to develop economic sector such as computer science and automotive, as a result of city economies linked with the reorganization of past activities (chemical industry, iron and steel industry, textile and leather industry), and on account of a high standard of education and the existence of qualified jobs, the city ...
Trotz medialer Dauerpräsenz des Themas "Reproduktionsmedizin" ist die Faktenlage für Deutschland noch defizitär. Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich daher auf die Analysepotentiale sozialwissenschaftlicher Datensätze hinsichtlich der Verbreitung von Wissen zu und der Nutzung von Reproduktionsmedizin in Deutschland. Zusätzlich werden Hintergrundinformationen zu gesellschaftlicher Akzeptanz und reproduktionsmedizinischer Infrastruktur in Deutschland präsentiert. Ergänzend dazu wird auf die rechtlichen und finanziellen Rahmenbedingungen reproduktionsmedizinischer Behandlungen in Deutschland eingegangen. Als Ergebnis der Potentialanalyse lässt sich festhalten, dass nur wenige sozialwissenschaftliche Studien explizit Fragen zur Nutzung von Reproduktionsmedizin beinhalten. Fragen zum Wissen über Reproduktionsmedizin sowie Einstellungsfragen zur potentiellen Nutzung sind deutlich weiter verbreitet. Als ursächlich für die Defizite im Wissen über die Nutzung von Reproduktionsmedizin in Deutschland zeigen sich die Hürden in der Datenerhebung, die mit dem sensiblen Forschungsfeld einhergehen.
This research focuses on the computational fluid dynamics modelling and simulation of the existing reactors and mixing tanks employed by the Australian Defence Industries to manufacture military propellants for gun projectiles and small rockets; high explosives for naval gun projectiles and aerial bombs. The main objective of this research is to gain a thorough understanding of these process vessels via research and to provide recommendations to improve their performance. Reactors and mixing tanks were chosen as the test unit operations because although they contribute significantly to the manufacturing process, reactors have frequently been poorly understood or in the case of mixing tanks, taken for granted. Consequently, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge to support successful operations of these process vessels. In addition, this research also recommends using photocatalysis technology to destroy liquid wastes produced from such manufacturing activities.For each product, a full characterisation was provided that included detailed theoretical analyses that presents a unique insight into the hydrodynamics occurring in these process vessels. The credibility of theoretical predictions was demonstrated via qualitative and quantitative validation using particle image velocimetry. Results from characterisation showed that the reactors and mixing tanks employed in the manufacture of military propellants, high explosives or aerial bombs were operating at sub-optimum conditions. To tackle this shortcoming, four ideal geometrical configurations that promised optimum performance were proposed for each of the test studies. These included a designer reactor for the manufacture of military propellants and effective mixing tanks for suspending high explosive particles, blending different high explosives and for manufacturing aerial bombs. The correct implementation of these recommendations will provide an optimum operation that achieves high product throughput and concurrently reduces reject rate.Research was also conducted to formulate a set of multipurpose design guidelines for a suspension mixing tank. The design template created from the results will provide valuable information to researchers across industries in their quest to optimise any unit suspension mixing tank operated on the principle of mechanical agitation. Finally, modelling of reactive species was conducted on a laboratory-scale photoreactor, involving physical experiments to destroy toxic effluent aqueous phase.
In social processes, long-term trends can be influenced or disrupted by various factors, including public policy. When public policies depend on a misrepresentation of trends in the areas they are aimed at, they become random and disruptive, which can be interpreted as a source of disorder. Here we consider policies on the spatial organization of the French Higher Education and Research system, which reflects the authorities' hypothesis that scientific excellence is the prerogative of a few large urban agglomerations. By geographically identifying all the French publications listed in the Web of Science databases between 1999 and 2017, we highlight a spatial deconcentration trend, which has slowed down in recent years due to a freezed growth of the teaching force. This deconcentration continues, however, to sustain the growth of scientific production in small and medium-sized towns. An examination of the large conurbations shows the relative decline of sites that nevertheless have been highlighted as examples to be followed by the Excellence policies (Strasbourg among others). The number of students and faculty has grown less there, and it is a plaussible explanation for the relative decline in scientific production. We show that the publication output of a given site depends directly and strongly on the number of researchers hosted there. Based on precise data at the French level, our results confirm what is already known at world scale. In conclusion, we question the amount of disorder resulting from policies aligned with poorly assessed trends. ; Dans les processus sociaux, les tendances de long terme peuvent être infléchies ou perturbées par différents facteurs, parmi lesquels figurent les politiques publiques. Lorsque les politiques publiques se fondent sur une représentation erronée des tendances à l'oeuvre dans les domaines qu'elles visent, elles prennent un caractère aléatoire et perturbateur, que l'on peut interpréter comme une source de désordre. Dans ce texte, nous prenons le cas des politiques ...
In social processes, long-term trends can be influenced or disrupted by various factors, including public policy. When public policies depend on a misrepresentation of trends in the areas they are aimed at, they become random and disruptive, which can be interpreted as a source of disorder. Here we consider policies on the spatial organization of the French Higher Education and Research system, which reflects the authorities' hypothesis that scientific excellence is the prerogative of a few large urban agglomerations. By geographically identifying all the French publications listed in the Web of Science databases between 1999 and 2017, we highlight a spatial deconcentration trend, which has slowed down in recent years due to a freezed growth of the teaching force. This deconcentration continues, however, to sustain the growth of scientific production in small and medium-sized towns. An examination of the large conurbations shows the relative decline of sites that nevertheless have been highlighted as examples to be followed by the Excellence policies (Strasbourg among others). The number of students and faculty has grown less there, and it is a plaussible explanation for the relative decline in scientific production. We show that the publication output of a given site depends directly and strongly on the number of researchers hosted there. Based on precise data at the French level, our results confirm what is already known at world scale. In conclusion, we question the amount of disorder resulting from policies aligned with poorly assessed trends. ; Dans les processus sociaux, les tendances de long terme peuvent être infléchies ou perturbées par différents facteurs, parmi lesquels figurent les politiques publiques. Lorsque les politiques publiques se fondent sur une représentation erronée des tendances à l'oeuvre dans les domaines qu'elles visent, elles prennent un caractère aléatoire et perturbateur, que l'on peut interpréter comme une source de désordre. Dans ce texte, nous prenons le cas des politiques ...
In social processes, long-term trends can be influenced or disrupted by various factors, including public policy. When public policies depend on a misrepresentation of trends in the areas they are aimed at, they become random and disruptive, which can be interpreted as a source of disorder. Here we consider policies on the spatial organization of the French Higher Education and Research system, which reflects the authorities' hypothesis that scientific excellence is the prerogative of a few large urban agglomerations. By geographically identifying all the French publications listed in the Web of Science databases between 1999 and 2017, we highlight a spatial deconcentration trend, which has slowed down in recent years due to a freezed growth of the teaching force. This deconcentration continues, however, to sustain the growth of scientific production in small and medium-sized towns. An examination of the large conurbations shows the relative decline of sites that nevertheless have been highlighted as examples to be followed by the Excellence policies (Strasbourg among others). The number of students and faculty has grown less there, and it is a plaussible explanation for the relative decline in scientific production. We show that the publication output of a given site depends directly and strongly on the number of researchers hosted there. Based on precise data at the French level, our results confirm what is already known at world scale. In conclusion, we question the amount of disorder resulting from policies aligned with poorly assessed trends. ; Dans les processus sociaux, les tendances de long terme peuvent être infléchies ou perturbées par différents facteurs, parmi lesquels figurent les politiques publiques. Lorsque les politiques publiques se fondent sur une représentation erronée des tendances à l'oeuvre dans les domaines qu'elles visent, elles prennent un caractère aléatoire et perturbateur, que l'on peut interpréter comme une source de désordre. Dans ce texte, nous prenons le cas des politiques ...
In social processes, long-term trends can be influenced or disrupted by various factors, including public policy. When public policies depend on a misrepresentation of trends in the areas they are aimed at, they become random and disruptive, which can be interpreted as a source of disorder. Here we consider policies on the spatial organization of the French Higher Education and Research system, which reflects the authorities' hypothesis that scientific excellence is the prerogative of a few large urban agglomerations. By geographically identifying all the French publications listed in the Web of Science databases between 1999 and 2017, we highlight a spatial deconcentration trend, which has slowed down in recent years due to a freezed growth of the teaching force. This deconcentration continues, however, to sustain the growth of scientific production in small and medium-sized towns. An examination of the large conurbations shows the relative decline of sites that nevertheless have been highlighted as examples to be followed by the Excellence policies (Strasbourg among others). The number of students and faculty has grown less there, and it is a plaussible explanation for the relative decline in scientific production. We show that the publication output of a given site depends directly and strongly on the number of researchers hosted there. Based on precise data at the French level, our results confirm what is already known at world scale. In conclusion, we question the amount of disorder resulting from policies aligned with poorly assessed trends. ; Dans les processus sociaux, les tendances de long terme peuvent être infléchies ou perturbées par différents facteurs, parmi lesquels figurent les politiques publiques. Lorsque les politiques publiques se fondent sur une représentation erronée des tendances à l'oeuvre dans les domaines qu'elles visent, elles prennent un caractère aléatoire et perturbateur, que l'on peut interpréter comme une source de désordre. Dans ce texte, nous prenons le cas des politiques ...
In social processes, long-term trends can be influenced or disrupted by various factors, including public policy. When public policies depend on a misrepresentation of trends in the areas they are aimed at, they become random and disruptive, which can be interpreted as a source of disorder. Here we consider policies on the spatial organization of the French Higher Education and Research system, which reflects the authorities' hypothesis that scientific excellence is the prerogative of a few large urban agglomerations. By geographically identifying all the French publications listed in the Web of Science databases between 1999 and 2017, we highlight a spatial deconcentration trend, which has slowed down in recent years due to a freezed growth of the teaching force. This deconcentration continues, however, to sustain the growth of scientific production in small and medium-sized towns. An examination of the large conurbations shows the relative decline of sites that nevertheless have been highlighted as examples to be followed by the Excellence policies (Strasbourg among others). The number of students and faculty has grown less there, and it is a plaussible explanation for the relative decline in scientific production. We show that the publication output of a given site depends directly and strongly on the number of researchers hosted there. Based on precise data at the French level, our results confirm what is already known at world scale. In conclusion, we question the amount of disorder resulting from policies aligned with poorly assessed trends. ; Dans les processus sociaux, les tendances de long terme peuvent être infléchies ou perturbées par différents facteurs, parmi lesquels figurent les politiques publiques. Lorsque les politiques publiques se fondent sur une représentation erronée des tendances à l'oeuvre dans les domaines qu'elles visent, elles prennent un caractère aléatoire et perturbateur, que l'on peut interpréter comme une source de désordre. Dans ce texte, nous prenons le cas des politiques ...
Pazmiño-Sarango, M., Naranjo-Zolotov, M., & Cruz-Jesus, F. (2021). Assessing the drivers of the regional digital divide and their impact on eGovernment services: evidence from a South American country. Information Technology and People. [Advanced online publication in 21 September 2021]. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2020-0628 ; Purpose: The paper explores the main drivers of the regional-level digital divide in Ecuadorian cities and the extent to which the information and communication technology (ICT) adoption by citizens influences local-level policymakers' decisions to develop eGovernment services. Design/methodology/approach: The paper used an exploratory approach. The authors empirically assessed the provision of eGovernment services in each of the 36 Ecuadorian local governments following the Local Online Service Index (LOSI) measurement scale proposed by the United Nations, and then evaluated the drivers of the eGovernment divide at a local level. Ordinary least squares regression analysis was used. Findings: The findings indicate that the digital divide is driven by income and education disparities, and that eGovernment availability is driven by ICT use. It appears that proper attention to technology use by its citizens is not being given by local-level policymakers in Ecuador when they devise their eGovernment strategy. Research limitations/implications: Because the data were available at different levels of aggregation, there may be some inaccuracy of the indicators and lack of generalizability. Researchers are encouraged to test this hypotheses with data at lower levels of aggregation and from different latitudes to provide a comparative view between countries. Practical implications: The paper includes implications for policymakers and local authorities regarding how the limitations on eGovernment development may be mitigated. Originality/value: This study fulfils the need to assess digital development and its impact on eGovernment services at a city level in a developing country. ; authorsversion ; epub_ahead_of_print
It is often the case with new technologies that it is very hard to predict their long-term impacts and as a result, although new technology may be beneficial in the short term, it can still cause problems in the longer term. This is what happened with oil by-products in different areas: the use of plastic as a disposable material did not take into account the hundreds of years necessary for its decomposition and its related long-term environmental damage. Data is said to be the new oil. The message to be conveyed is associated with its intrinsic value. But as in the case of real oil, we should take care to ensure that its use does not create harm in the future. We know from recent history that data can be used in harmful ways, but data also has enormous positive potential when applied to the service of communities. In this article, we highlight the opportunities, problems and best practice of using data.