Suchergebnisse

The research offers a way of studying the formation of lexical and phraseological units in the French politically correct discourse. Despite a quite scrutinous study of various aspects of modern ideology and politically correct language – mostly, in the English language, – the issue how to model politically correct language remains obscure. This paper attempts to identify formation models of not just individual language units in French that have the potential to mitigate and camouflage negative social practices and tabooed life phenomena, but also entire nominative areas of politically correct discourse. Within the framework of this research, the authors has carried out a conceptual analysis of politically correct lexical and phraseological units of the modern French language representing different areas, and identified regular conceptual models of the formation of a politically correct vocabulary. At the present stage of the research, it is possible to state that metonymic models play a leading role in the replenishment of a politically correct language. The study helps to identify seven metonymic conceptual units of an organized system. Inside the units, concepts are clustered and arranged according to the degree of generalization, which corresponds to the extent of their euphemistic potential to mitigate and camouflage represented phenomena. The concepts of different units correlate in the formation of the language unit semantics. The research describes the basic models of such interaction.

International audience ; An analysis is proposed about the senses of the theory in the social research. It is suggested that theorizing consists, between other things, in creating a vocabulary in order to name reality from a certain perspective. From this point of view, theoretical procedures are analyzed and it is recognized a range of epistemic and political issues of the theoretical production. ; Se propone un análisis acerca del lugar y los sentidos de la teoría en la investigación social. Partiendo de la idea de que teorizar es, entre otras cosas, crear un vocabulario, nombrar la realidad desde una perspectiva pertinente en algún sentido, se analizan a partir de esta imagen algunos procedimientos, modos de nombrar, y se reconocen aspectos epistémicos y políticos de la producción teórica.

Bringing together leading critics and literary scholars, A New Vocabulary for Global Modernism argues for new ways of understanding the nature and development of twentieth-century literature and culture. Scholars have largely understood modernism as an American and European phenomenon. Those parameters have expanded in recent decades, but the incorporation of multiple origins and influences has often been tied to older conceptual frameworks that make it difficult to think of modernism globally. Providing alternative approaches, A New Vocabulary for Global Modernism introduces pathways through global archives and new frameworks that offer a richer, more representative set of concepts for the analysis of literary and cultural works. In separate essays each inspired by a critical term, this collection explores what happens to the foundational concepts of modernism and the methods we bring to modernist studies when we approach the field as a global phenomenon. Their work transforms the intellectual paradigms we have long associated with modernism, such as tradition, antiquity, style, and translation. New paradigms, such as context, slum, copy, pantomime, and puppets emerge as the archive extends beyond its European center. In bringing together and reexamining the familiar as well as the emergent, the contributors to this volume offer an invaluable and original approach to studying the intersection of world literature and modernist studies

How does language work? How does language produce truth and beauty? Eleventh-century Arabic scholarship has detailed answers to these universal questions. Language Between God and the Poets reads the theory of four major scholars and asks how the conceptual vocabulary they shared enabled them to create theory in lexicography, theology, logic, and poetics. Their ideas engaged God and poetry at the nexus of language, mind, and reality. Their core conceptual vocabulary carved reality at the joints in a manner quite different from Anglophone and European thought in any period. This vocabulary centered around the words maʿnā ("mental content") and ḥaqīqah ("accuracy"), two concepts for which Alexander Key develops a translation methodology with the help of Wittgenstein and Kuhn. Language Between God and the Poets helps us see how fundamental the lexicon and lexicography can be to all kinds of theory, how theology can be a science of naming, how logic interacts with language, and how poetic affect can be built on grammar and logic. The four scholars are ar-Rāġib al-Iṣfahānī, Ibn Fūrak, Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), and ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Ǧurǧānī.

Abstract
The present study begins with an introduction to "sound symbolism" from a cognitive linguistic perspective. Such frameworks provide that while the relationship between sound and meaning within the lexicon is in general arbitrary, languages may also feature specific, statistically significant relationships between particular sounds and particular semantic domains, whether language specific or motivated by more general cognitive tendencies. An example from modern Mandarin leads to a broader consideration of this phenomenon within Old Chinese (OC), with particular reference to the reduplicative vocabulary, or dieyin ci 疊音詞, of the Book of Odes corpus. The author presents a series of persistent associations between sound and meaning in this subset of the OC lexicon, with statistical evidence adduced in support of their cognitive reality for OC speakers. Finally, this article offers a tentative exploration of the role of such "expressive" or "ideophonic" vocabulary in producing particular poetic effects relating to point of view and to conceptual metaphor.

An analysis is proposed about the senses of the theory in the social research. It is suggested that theorizing consists, between other things, in creating a vocabulary in order to name reality from a certain perspective. From this point of view, theoretical procedures are analyzed and it is recognized a range of epistemic and political issues of the theoretical production.Keywords: research method; concept analisios; theory. ; Se propone un análisis acerca del lugar y los sentidos de la teoría en la investigación social. Partiendo de la idea de que teorizar es, entre otras cosas, crear un vocabulario, nombrar la realidad desde una perspectiva pertinente en algún sentido, se analizan a partir de esta imagen algunos procedimientos, modos de nombrar, y se reconocen aspectos epistémicos y políticos de la producción teórica.Palabras clave: método de investigación; análisis conceptual; teoría.

New for this edition New chapter on international political thoughtThis textbook gives you all the vocabulary you need - political, conceptual and historical - to engage confidently and deeply with political thought and the moral and political worlds in which we live. It traces the history of political thought from Plato and Aristotle to Benhabib and Rorty, following a unique dual structure that introduces key thinkers and core concepts. Topics covered include:Universal moral order o liberty o political freedom o the state o socialism o utilitarianism o distributive justice o group politics o m.

This article reviews ten years of political and analytical discussions regarding the global development agenda on girls' schooling and gender equity. It considers struggles over the purpose and realizability of the global agenda, and attempts to widen frameworks to go beyond gender parity in access and enrollment. Drawing on a case study of one global NGO that took a women's rights approach, it shows how difficult it has been, even in the best kind of organizational environment, to realize a women's rights agenda that linked education to other forms of empowerment. These difficulties are confirmed by critical reflections on participation in the conference convened to review ten years of the work of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). However, the conclusions, while acknowledging problems of multiple sites of action, silences, and the attenuation of transformatory agendas, nonetheless point to a richer conceptual vocabulary, a wider range of actors, and clearer strategic orientation than a decade ago.

How does language work? How does language produce truth and beauty? Eleventh-century Arabic scholarship has detailed answers to these universal questions. Language Between God and the Poets reads the theory of four major scholars and asks how the conceptual vocabulary they shared enabled them to create theory in lexicography, theology, logic, and poetics. Their ideas engaged God and poetry at the nexus of language, mind, and reality. Their core conceptual vocabulary carved reality at the joints in a manner quite different from Anglophone and European thought in any period. This vocabulary centered around the words maʿnā ("mental content") and ḥaqīqah ("accuracy"), two concepts for which Alexander Key develops a translation methodology with the help of Wittgenstein and Kuhn. Language Between God and the Poets helps us see how fundamental the lexicon and lexicography can be to all kinds of theory, how theology can be a science of naming, how logic interacts with language, and how poetic affect can be built on grammar and logic. The four scholars are ar-Rāġib al-Iṣfahānī, Ibn Fūrak, Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), and ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Ǧurǧānī.

In order for social entrepreneurship and social innovation to take off for real in Mexico, two major inhibitors on structural level needs to be addressed and eliminated/reduced. One inhibitor is material and the other is discursive in nature. The material inhibitor is the lingering power of oldmoney, old elites, old solutions, old thinking, and old ways of organizing economic activity that still dominates economic and social life in Mexico. Inter-twinned with this material inhibitor is the discursive inhibitor; the skills of old power representatives in using "new and fresh vocabulary" to discursively obscure, blur and distort that their activities still are based on the aforementioned old power logic. The purpose of this article is to contribute to remedy the problem with the discursive inhibitor, via proposing an actionable conceptual framework for social entrepreneurs and social innovators in Mexico. If achieving some success on the discursive arenas, gains and wins therefrom can be used to take on the material inhibitor on the political-legal arenas. The henequen industry in Yucatan is used as an illustrative case to support the purpose.

The article concentrates on the conceptual analysis of new lexical items representing events in modern English and German vocabulary. The material of the research is event neologisms of English and German, expressed by nouns and gerunds. Those new lexical units were mostly retrieved from online sources. The main sources of the collected material are on websites of the dictionary publishing houses, blogs containing information about new lexical units, as well as special programmes aimed at collecting neologisms online, e. g. NeoCrawler, Wortwarte, and OWID. The article provides a model of new event categorisation in English and German languages at three levels: superordinate, basic, and subordinate ones. Each of the levels is structured by a particular frame within the categorisation model. The article provides a comparative analysis of frames underlying formation of new event vocabulary in English and German languages. As a result, the analysis reveals the main differences between frame structures.

Despite considerable efforts, the concept of the 'mercenary' remains ill-defined within the scholarly literature on non-state combatants. In common usage, 'mercenary' is intended to function as a descriptive category of combatant, denoting certain unique or transhistorical properties. Instead, however, it is a highly subjective, imprecise and politicized term. This article critically analyses historical, legal and philosophical definitions of 'mercenary', and asks whether it is worth retaining the term as an analytical category at all. In short, the answer is no. The article's exposition of the 'mercenary moniker' uncovers the statist political ethic that anchors different interpretations of the mercenary concept. It shows that conceptions of the mercenary are deeply rooted in a Westphalian political ethic of war and conflict that upholds the instrumentality of the state to notions of political community, morality and identity. Accordingly, it argues that 'mercenary' should be jettisoned from the academic conceptual vocabulary of non-state combatants, and proposes 'freelance militant' as an alternative. Properly contextualized, this alternative could make possible a conceptual vocabulary that is able to clearly distinguish between such freelance militants and other non-state combatants.