Suchergebnisse

Lithuania, seeking to effectively protect its biological diversity, ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), which is one of the main legal acts, regulating biodiversity protection in the international context and incorporating biodiversity protection measures. The object of the investigation is the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania. The basic problems are as follows: depleting biodiversity because of the ineffective implementation model of biodiversity protection. The aim of the thesis is to analyse and to assess the efficiency of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania. The tasks are as follows: to analyse general principles of adoption and implementation of international conventions related to the protection of biodiversity and ratified by the Republic of Lithuania, Lithuanian legislation and strategic documents in the field of biodiversity, to analyse the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity Lithuania and to assess the efficiency of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania. The hypothesis of the thesis is that the implementation model of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania is partially. In the thesis, theoretic-qualitative investigation methods have been applied – analysis of international documents and legal acts, SWOT analysis as well as an empiric investigation method – an expert interview. Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Lithuania still have to improve many areas relating to the protection of biodiversity. Legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania, which are in effect in the field of biodiversity protection are not as effective, experts say, as expected. There is insufficient attention devoted to training programs emphasize the significance of biodiversity protection. However, the financing of achieving objectives of biodiversity protection is ensured, the effective system of protected areas has been created in order to ensure biodiversity protection. The hypothesis that the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania is partially has proven to be true.

Lithuania, seeking to effectively protect its biological diversity, ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), which is one of the main legal acts, regulating biodiversity protection in the international context and incorporating biodiversity protection measures. The object of the investigation is the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania. The basic problems are as follows: depleting biodiversity because of the ineffective implementation model of biodiversity protection. The aim of the thesis is to analyse and to assess the efficiency of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania. The tasks are as follows: to analyse general principles of adoption and implementation of international conventions related to the protection of biodiversity and ratified by the Republic of Lithuania, Lithuanian legislation and strategic documents in the field of biodiversity, to analyse the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity Lithuania and to assess the efficiency of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania. The hypothesis of the thesis is that the implementation model of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania is partially. In the thesis, theoretic-qualitative investigation methods have been applied – analysis of international documents and legal acts, SWOT analysis as well as an empiric investigation method – an expert interview. Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Lithuania still have to improve many areas relating to the protection of biodiversity. Legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania, which are in effect in the field of biodiversity protection are not as effective, experts say, as expected. There is insufficient attention devoted to training programs emphasize the significance of biodiversity protection. However, the financing of achieving objectives of biodiversity protection is ensured, the effective system of protected areas has been created in order to ensure biodiversity protection. The hypothesis that the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania is partially has proven to be true.

Issues of protection by mechanisms of the International Law of migrant children is particularly relevant today because the numbers of migrant children are growing each year significantly. Master thesis "Migrant Children in the Context of Child Rights Convention" is devoted to the examining of the role of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as one of the essential instrument of protecting migrant children's rights in the International Law through a comprehensive analysis of the relevant articles of the Convention and legal problems related to them. The Convention on the Rights of the Child contains a complete list of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that migrant children have and requires states to protect this category of children as the most vulnerable. The Convention on the Rights of the Child guarantees the right of migrant children to family reunification, effectively protects refugee and asylum-seeking children as a separate group of migrant children and limits the immigration detention of children what is always contrary to their best interests. Master thesis "Migrant Children in the Context of Child Rights Convention" is divided into general and specific parts, which provide logical argumentation that the Convention on the Rights of the Child is an crucial protective instrument of migrant children in International Law. Conclusions and recommendations illustrate the effectiveness of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the legal regulation of migrant children.

Issues of protection by mechanisms of the International Law of migrant children is particularly relevant today because the numbers of migrant children are growing each year significantly. Master thesis "Migrant Children in the Context of Child Rights Convention" is devoted to the examining of the role of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as one of the essential instrument of protecting migrant children's rights in the International Law through a comprehensive analysis of the relevant articles of the Convention and legal problems related to them. The Convention on the Rights of the Child contains a complete list of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that migrant children have and requires states to protect this category of children as the most vulnerable. The Convention on the Rights of the Child guarantees the right of migrant children to family reunification, effectively protects refugee and asylum-seeking children as a separate group of migrant children and limits the immigration detention of children what is always contrary to their best interests. Master thesis "Migrant Children in the Context of Child Rights Convention" is divided into general and specific parts, which provide logical argumentation that the Convention on the Rights of the Child is an crucial protective instrument of migrant children in International Law. Conclusions and recommendations illustrate the effectiveness of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the legal regulation of migrant children.

In this Master thesis, the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania has been analysed and evaluated, problems of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania have been raised and suggestions how to improve the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania have been presented. In the first part of the thesis, the principles of adoption and implementation and the main features of the conventions related to the protection of biodiversity and ratified by the Republic of Lithuania have been analysed. In the second part of it, the implementation peculiarities of the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the world and in the European Union have been investigated. In the third part, the analysis and evaluation of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania have been presented.

In this Master thesis, the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania has been analysed and evaluated, problems of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania have been raised and suggestions how to improve the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania have been presented. In the first part of the thesis, the principles of adoption and implementation and the main features of the conventions related to the protection of biodiversity and ratified by the Republic of Lithuania have been analysed. In the second part of it, the implementation peculiarities of the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the world and in the European Union have been investigated. In the third part, the analysis and evaluation of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Lithuania have been presented.

In the work author examines the questions, rising from the international area of division of separate states' taxing rights on income from immovable property, business profits, individual activity, dependent personal services and capital; also author explains related legal definitions. The evaluation of concrete maximum withholding tax rates for dividends, interest and royalties, stated in conventions for the avoidance of double taxation, applied in Lithuania, is also discussed. Though the text of conventions, which were ratified in majority states, is almost consentient, however, the global practice shows that sometimes courts read conventions differently. Therefore, in a number of cases of this work it is tried to eliminate obscurities in interpreting the content of particular conventions' provisions. Also those provisions of conventions, which forbid taxpayer to use the treaty for state's tax duties avoidance, are analysed. What is more, the work contains the practical evaluation of states' competent authorities' cooperation opportunities, intended for the implementation of the purposes of conventions for the avoidance of double taxation. For the reason to make analysis more comprehensive, the theme under consideration is sometimes incorporated in the context of national, European Union's law and global practice. It should be noted that the most part of the related questions are discussed by emphasizing the main purposes of conventions for the avoidance of double taxation, especially the aim to eliminate juridical double taxation in international relationship. Furthermore, the author tries to seek law gaps, which are to be eliminated in international agreements on purpose to reach benefits for both taxpayers and tax administration institutions.

In the work author examines the questions, rising from the international area of division of separate states' taxing rights on income from immovable property, business profits, individual activity, dependent personal services and capital; also author explains related legal definitions. The evaluation of concrete maximum withholding tax rates for dividends, interest and royalties, stated in conventions for the avoidance of double taxation, applied in Lithuania, is also discussed. Though the text of conventions, which were ratified in majority states, is almost consentient, however, the global practice shows that sometimes courts read conventions differently. Therefore, in a number of cases of this work it is tried to eliminate obscurities in interpreting the content of particular conventions' provisions. Also those provisions of conventions, which forbid taxpayer to use the treaty for state's tax duties avoidance, are analysed. What is more, the work contains the practical evaluation of states' competent authorities' cooperation opportunities, intended for the implementation of the purposes of conventions for the avoidance of double taxation. For the reason to make analysis more comprehensive, the theme under consideration is sometimes incorporated in the context of national, European Union's law and global practice. It should be noted that the most part of the related questions are discussed by emphasizing the main purposes of conventions for the avoidance of double taxation, especially the aim to eliminate juridical double taxation in international relationship. Furthermore, the author tries to seek law gaps, which are to be eliminated in international agreements on purpose to reach benefits for both taxpayers and tax administration institutions.

The Arhus Convention was ratified by the European Union on the 25th of June 1998 and approved by the Council Decision of 17 February 2005. The Convention regulates three main issues: the access to information concerning the environment; the public participation in decision-making and the access to justice in environmental matters. The European Union in pursue of ensuring adequate implementation and protection of "the right to environment" in the scope of general human rights protection has adopted two directives in order to implement the provisions of the Arhus Convention: 1) Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC; 2) Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/ECC and 96/61/EC. The article reviews the process which the European Union is currently undergoing for the purpose of adequate implementation of the Arhus Convention and examines legal measures employed by the European Union in pursue of adequate and effective implementation of provisions set by the Arhus Convention in the law of the European Union as well as in the Member States domestic legislation.

The Arhus Convention was ratified by the European Union on the 25th of June 1998 and approved by the Council Decision of 17 February 2005. The Convention regulates three main issues: the access to information concerning the environment; the public participation in decision-making and the access to justice in environmental matters. The European Union in pursue of ensuring adequate implementation and protection of "the right to environment" in the scope of general human rights protection has adopted two directives in order to implement the provisions of the Arhus Convention: 1) Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC; 2) Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/ECC and 96/61/EC. The article reviews the process which the European Union is currently undergoing for the purpose of adequate implementation of the Arhus Convention and examines legal measures employed by the European Union in pursue of adequate and effective implementation of provisions set by the Arhus Convention in the law of the European Union as well as in the Member States domestic legislation.

The Arhus Convention was ratified by the European Union on the 25th of June 1998 and approved by the Council Decision of 17 February 2005. The Convention regulates three main issues: the access to information concerning the environment; the public participation in decision-making and the access to justice in environmental matters. The European Union in pursue of ensuring adequate implementation and protection of "the right to environment" in the scope of general human rights protection has adopted two directives in order to implement the provisions of the Arhus Convention: 1) Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC; 2) Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/ECC and 96/61/EC. The article reviews the process which the European Union is currently undergoing for the purpose of adequate implementation of the Arhus Convention and examines legal measures employed by the European Union in pursue of adequate and effective implementation of provisions set by the Arhus Convention in the law of the European Union as well as in the Member States domestic legislation.

The Arhus Convention was ratified by the European Union on the 25th of June 1998 and approved by the Council Decision of 17 February 2005. The Convention regulates three main issues: the access to information concerning the environment; the public participation in decision-making and the access to justice in environmental matters. The European Union in pursue of ensuring adequate implementation and protection of "the right to environment" in the scope of general human rights protection has adopted two directives in order to implement the provisions of the Arhus Convention: 1) Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC; 2) Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/ECC and 96/61/EC. The article reviews the process which the European Union is currently undergoing for the purpose of adequate implementation of the Arhus Convention and examines legal measures employed by the European Union in pursue of adequate and effective implementation of provisions set by the Arhus Convention in the law of the European Union as well as in the Member States domestic legislation.

This article is devoted to investigation of problems of implementation of article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. On the basis of the social research carried out by the author a presumption has been made that the legislative endows certain social privileges, marks officers of statutory institutions out of other social groups, however, does not give enough attention as to their human and civil rights. The article comprehensively analyses officers' right to defence, moral support during disciplinary proceedings, in when imposing of statutory reprimands (sanctions). A distinguishing feature of the 21st century is united and democratic Europe where fundamental democratic values, supremacy of law and human rights, are respected. Due to peculiarities of institution activities officers inevitably encounter restrictions of their civil rights, although provisions of the Convention are supposed to be fully applied towards them and problems of their implementation are to be solved on the basis of legal acts and recommendations of the community law. Thus, when implementing human rights in internal administration of statutory institutions, it is needed to solve controversial questions where unified powers of scientists and experts of public administration are necessary.

This article is devoted to investigation of problems of implementation of article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. On the basis of the social research carried out by the author a presumption has been made that the legislative endows certain social privileges, marks officers of statutory institutions out of other social groups, however, does not give enough attention as to their human and civil rights. The article comprehensively analyses officers' right to defence, moral support during disciplinary proceedings, in when imposing of statutory reprimands (sanctions). A distinguishing feature of the 21st century is united and democratic Europe where fundamental democratic values, supremacy of law and human rights, are respected. Due to peculiarities of institution activities officers inevitably encounter restrictions of their civil rights, although provisions of the Convention are supposed to be fully applied towards them and problems of their implementation are to be solved on the basis of legal acts and recommendations of the community law. Thus, when implementing human rights in internal administration of statutory institutions, it is needed to solve controversial questions where unified powers of scientists and experts of public administration are necessary.