Suchergebnisse

In 2013 Russia ratified the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (CETS N 201) of October 25, 2007 (Lanzarote, Spain). The Council of Europe supports the One in Five campaign, based on the available data that one in five children in Europe are victims of some form of sexual or other violence, which often happens within the family circle. Although it is an urgent problem for Russia as well, full statistical data are unavailable and there is a lack of solid research. At present the co-signer countries are going though a complicated process of implementing the Convention's clauses in their criminal legislations, and practically all of them face similar lawmaking and law enforcement problems. The authors of the paper, who took part in the Lanzarote Committee meetings, have analyzed criminal legislation of Russia and authors' translations of the new versions of criminal codes of Austria, Turkey and Spain. They have thoroughly examined the latest publications on the topic and used court practice examples in their analysis of Russian criminal law. The authors conclude that Russian law, unlike foreign ones, has mainly incorporated Lanzarote convention's clauses. However, a number of clauses require an adequate response from Russian lawmakers, who should introduce changes and amendments to criminal laws of the Russian Federation, in particular, regarding increased penalties for offences against the sexual inviolability of minors by persons from a child's «circle of trust». © 2017, Baikal National University of Economics and Law. All rights reserved.

Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Международное частное право" ; В статье автор стремится проиллюстрировать различные подходы к идее заключения многосторонних налоговых конвенций, а также перспективы развития идеи заключения многосторонних конвенций об избежании двойного налогообложения. В современном глобализирующемся мире логичным представляется стремление государств регулировать международные вопросы на многостороннем, а не на двустороннем уровне. Под эгидой Организации по экономическому сотрудничеству и развитию ведется работа по замене двусторонних инвестиционных соглашений одним многосторонним соглашением по инвестициям. Избежание двойного налогообложения по-прежнему регулируется в подавляющем большинстве случаев двусторонними соглашениями. Хотя нельзя исключить такого развития событий, при котором некоторые аспекты международного налогового регулирования все же будут облачены в форму многосторонней конвенции. Скорее всего, это произойдет сначала на региональном уровне, на территории государств, объединенных в экономические блоки, например в странах Европейского союза. = The article aims to review and illustrate various approaches to the idea of concluding multilateral tax conventions as well as the prospects for the multilateral conventions to be an alternative to avoid double taxation. The globalizing world makes it logical for countries to try to regulate international issues on the multilateral, not bilateral level. Work is underway under the aegis of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to replace bilateral investment agreements by multilateral agreements on investments. Double tax avoidance is still regulated by bilateral agreements in most cases. But developments can be foreseen, when some aspects of international tax regulations will assume the form of a multilateral convention. It is likely to happen at the regional level first, with the countries belonging to an economic bloc, like the European Union, for instance.

The relationship between economic development, energy consumption and the environmental issues is complex. However, energy law is based on reciprocal benefits for governments while environmental law is based on common interests and erga omnes. Studies have shown that despite the implementation of several energy and environmental conventions at international levels, the situation of global environmental conditions is critical. Different concepts and conflicting interests between the energy supply system and environmental protection have led to poor implementation of some conventions. The present study examined some existing rules and regulations on energy and the environment and identified the strengths and weaknesses of the descriptive-analytic method. The purpose of investigating these conventions is to decrease the weaknesses and increase the strengths. The strengths can then be used for environmental concerns and international obligations of states under the rules of erga omnes to protect the environment and sovereignty of states for jurisdictional and energy management within national boundaries. The investigations revealed the characteristics of an international convention to decrease conflicts of interest between the energy supply system and environmental protection. In addition, two facilitator mechanisms are proposed for effective implementation of the international convention on energy and the environment.

В статье рассматриваются проблемы гарантирования прав осужденных и лиц, отбывших наказание и освобожденных от него, с учетом конвенционных норм. Проанализированы нормы Конвенции ООН против пыток и других жестоких, бесчеловечных или унижающих достоинство видов обращения и наказания (1984 г.), Конвенции Совета Европы о защите прав человека и основных свобод (1950 г.), Минимальных стандартных правил ООН в отношении обращения с заключенными (Правил Нельсона Манделы (2015 г.) и других международных актов, гарантирующих права осужденных. Показаны проблемы формирования российской пенитенциарной политики в сфере ресоциализации осужденных. Предложены пути совершенствования норм уголовно-исполнительного законодательства об основных средствах исправления, направленных на ресоциализацию осужденных после отбывания наказания: о воспитательной работе, общественно полезном труде, профессиональной подготовке и общественном воздействии. Предложено в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве предусмотреть профилирование исправительных учреждений под определенные виды производственной деятельности, в том числе на основе государственно-частного партнерства. Сделан вывод о необходимости кооперирования производственной деятельности в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы с аналогичной производственной деятельностью в иных организациях в целях дальнейшего трудоустройства осужденного в этих организациях. ; The article deals with the problems of guaranteeing the rights of convicts and persons who have served a sentence and have been released from it, taking into account conventional norms. The norms of the UN Convention against Torture and Other Same-Wanted, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984), the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of prisoners (Rules of Nelson Mandela (2015) and other international acts guaranteeing the rights of convicts. The problems of formation of the Russian penitentiary policy in the field of re-socialization of convicts are shown. The ways of improving the norms of the criminal-executive legislation on the main means of correction aimed at the re-socialization of convicts after serving the sentence: educational work, socially useful work, vocational training and social impact are proposed. It is proposed in the penal legislation to provide for the profiling of correctional institutions for certain types of production activities, including on the basis of public-private partnership. The conclusion is made about the need to cooperate production activities in the institutions of the penitentiary system with similar production activities in other organizations in order to further employment of the convicted person in these organizations.