Convergence in Electronic Banking: Technological Convergence, Systems Convergence, Legal Convergence
In: 2 Drexel L. Rev. 63, 2009-2010
In: 2 Drexel L. Rev. 63, 2009-2010
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[en]Convergence of a stochastic process is an intrinsic property quite relevant for its successful practical for example for the function optimization problem. Lyapunov functions are widely used as tools to prove convergence of optimization procedures. However, identifying a Lyapunov function for a specific stochastic process is a difficult and creative task. This work aims to provide a geometric explanation to convergence results and to state and identify conditions for the convergence of not exclusively optimization methods but any stochastic process. Basically, we relate the expected directions set of a stochastic process with the half-space of a conservative vector field, concepts defined along the text. After some reasonable conditions, it is possible to assure convergence when the expected direction resembles enough to some vector field. We translate two existent and useful convergence results into convergence of processes that resemble to particular conservative vector fields. This geometric point of view could make it easier to identify Lyapunov functions for new stochastic processes which we would like to prove its convergence ; This work is partially supported by the projects Crowd4SDG and Humane-AI-net, which have received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No. 872944 and No. 952026, respectively. This work is also partially supported by the project CI-SUSTAIN funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-104156GB-I00). ; Peer reviewed
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In: Journal of European public policy, Band 12, Heft 5, S. 817-840
ISSN: 1466-4429
In: Australian Political Economy of Violence and Non-Violence, S. 87-92
In: Citizenship teaching and learning, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 245-247
ISSN: 1751-1925
Abstract
In: Journal of political economy, Band 100, Heft 2, S. 223-251
ISSN: 1537-534X
In: Journal of political economy, Band 100, Heft 2, S. 223
ISSN: 0022-3808
In: Political research quarterly: PRQ ; official journal of the Western Political Science Association and other associations, Band 66, Heft 4, S. 843-855
ISSN: 1938-274X
It is widely assumed that candidate issue convergence or "dialogue" is beneficial for voters in campaigns. Using a lagged weekly measure of issue convergence in political advertising about specific campaign issues from the 2000 and 2004 presidential campaigns, I show that dialogue, as it is currently defined by campaigns and elections scholars, is as likely to harm voters as it is to help them. These findings require scholars to think more deeply about what role, if any, issue convergence plays in deliberative campaigns.
In: Annales mathematicae et informaticae: international journal for mathematics and computer science, Band 51
ISSN: 1787-6117
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Working paper
In: Political research quarterly: PRQ ; official journal of Western Political Science Association, Pacific Northwest Political Science Association, Southern California Political Science Association, Northern California Political Science Association, Band 66, Heft 4, S. 843-855
ISSN: 1065-9129
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International audience ; We use US county-level data to estimate convergence rates for 22 individual states. We find significant heterogeneity. E.g., the California estimate is 19.9% and the New York estimate is 3.3%. Convergence rates are essentially uncorrelated with income levels.
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