Suchergebnisse

Стаття присвячена вивченню теоретичних підходів застосування копінг-стратегій, як одного із факторів що допомагає зберігати та відновлювати психічне здоров'я. ; Статья посвящается изучению теоретических подходов применения копинг-стратегий, как один из факторов, что помогает сохранять и восстанавливать психическое здоровье. ; Introduction. The article examines theoretical approaches to the use of coping strategies as one of the factors that help maintain and restore mental health. Maintenance, preservation and restoration of mental health, general psychological adaptation, and psychological readiness of servicemen for action can be achieved through the implementation of effective coping strategies. An important task is to identify patterns of use of coping strategies in self-management of life crises, difficult stress situations, especially during the military service and direct participation in combat.Purpose. It's to explore the grounds for exploring topical aspects of personality coping behavior.Methods. Review and analytical study of literature.Originality. In order to achieve mental health (self-esteem, self-esteem and self-esteem, ability to maintain a harmonious relationship with the inner world of thoughts and feelings, cope with life's problems and consciously take risks, the ability to self-heal) constructive, effective coping strategies that help you withstand a variety of stressful situations. Ignorance of protective behaviors (or psychological mechanisms of overcoming difficult situations) can provoke the emergence of psychosomatic diseases or the consolidation of those reactions that will not meet the requirements of situations, that is, will not allow to cope with the harmful effects of stressful situations, which as a result will lead to negative consequences of personality.Properly chosen coping strategy is an effective way of overcoming stress, and as a consequence - maintaining, developing and strengthening resilience. Effective coping strategies and resilience help to cope with life's difficulties and obstacles, help to find adaptive opportunities in stressful situations. However, improperly selected coping strategies can not only cause situational failure but also lead to destructive ways of dealing with difficult life situations and, as a consequence, lead to mental health disorders.Conclusion. Interest in coping strategies has emerged in psychology relatively recently because of the complexity of the phenomenon of mastering and overcoming difficulties, researchers have not yet come to a single classification of coping strategies. The work on coping strategies is still quite different, so each new researcher proposes a new classification.Implementation and training of coping strategies in military personnel is an important scientific task, as a result of which the coping strategy will become a personal resource that will provide support and self-help, will allow to find in itself values and resources for self-development, self-actualization for achievement of personal and social success.

Стаття присвячена вивченню теоретичних підходів застосування копінг-стратегій, як одного із факторів що допомагає зберігати та відновлювати психічне здоров'я. ; Статья посвящается изучению теоретических подходов применения копинг-стратегий, как один из факторов, что помогает сохранять и восстанавливать психическое здоровье. ; Introduction. The article examines theoretical approaches to the use of coping strategies as one of the factors that help maintain and restore mental health. Maintenance, preservation and restoration of mental health, general psychological adaptation, and psychological readiness of servicemen for action can be achieved through the implementation of effective coping strategies. An important task is to identify patterns of use of coping strategies in self-management of life crises, difficult stress situations, especially during the military service and direct participation in combat.Purpose. It's to explore the grounds for exploring topical aspects of personality coping behavior.Methods. Review and analytical study of literature.Originality. In order to achieve mental health (self-esteem, self-esteem and self-esteem, ability to maintain a harmonious relationship with the inner world of thoughts and feelings, cope with life's problems and consciously take risks, the ability to self-heal) constructive, effective coping strategies that help you withstand a variety of stressful situations. Ignorance of protective behaviors (or psychological mechanisms of overcoming difficult situations) can provoke the emergence of psychosomatic diseases or the consolidation of those reactions that will not meet the requirements of situations, that is, will not allow to cope with the harmful effects of stressful situations, which as a result will lead to negative consequences of personality.Properly chosen coping strategy is an effective way of overcoming stress, and as a consequence - maintaining, developing and strengthening resilience. Effective coping strategies and resilience help to cope with life's difficulties and obstacles, help to find adaptive opportunities in stressful situations. However, improperly selected coping strategies can not only cause situational failure but also lead to destructive ways of dealing with difficult life situations and, as a consequence, lead to mental health disorders.Conclusion. Interest in coping strategies has emerged in psychology relatively recently because of the complexity of the phenomenon of mastering and overcoming difficulties, researchers have not yet come to a single classification of coping strategies. The work on coping strategies is still quite different, so each new researcher proposes a new classification.Implementation and training of coping strategies in military personnel is an important scientific task, as a result of which the coping strategy will become a personal resource that will provide support and self-help, will allow to find in itself values and resources for self-development, self-actualization for achievement of personal and social success.

The article investigates the problem of copyright piracy. The concept of Internet piracy is disclosed, according to which this phenomenon can be considered, both in the broad, and in the narrow sense. Piracy in the narrow sense — activities related to the manufacture and mplementation of counterfeit copies. Considering piracy in the broad sense, it can be argued that the basis of this activity is the use of the object of copyright, without the permission of the right holders in order to profit. The signs of Internet piracy are identified, including: illegal use of copyrighted objects; realization of objects of copyright by publishing, reproduction, distribution and distribution without the consent of the author (the copyright holder); causing damage to the interests of the author (the right holder); commercialization; gaining profit or moral gain illegally. The classification of piracy has been carried out, which confirms the fact that the placement of copyright objects in the «network» is currently a very widespread phenomenon. Accordingly, piracy can be classified as: activity related to the partially legal disclosure of the object of copyright; activity that is related to the falsification of the copyright object; activities that are reflected in the illegal distribution of copies of the copyright object. The main ways of protecting copyright from piracy in the Internet in Ukraine and the problem issues in this area are determined. Accordingly, legal remedies can be applied in two forms — jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional. Jurisdictional form provides that the author (legal owner) has the right to apply to the court or other competent or state bodies for the application of the necessary measures for the restoration of violated rights and the termination of the offense. Non-divisive way of protecting (self-defense) — the actions of a person in the protection of copyright, carried out by them on their own. Having analyzed the methods of protection, it was concluded that the non-irisbased form of protection provides more expeditious and cost-effective protection of the rights of the author. Jurisdictional way of protection is characterized by less efficiency.Because a considerable amount of time is spent on filing an action in court, hearing a complaint, making a decision and, finally, implementing this decision. The technical component of the non-jurisdiction form of protection is analyzed. Namely, technical methods of protection are defined, which can be attributed to: self-destruction of thecopyright object in case of illegal copying; placement of an object with limited functionality; use of watermarks; indication of copyrights on publications; etc. The proposals for amending the current legislation in the field of protection of copyright from piracy in the Internet are formulated. The changes should concern provisions affecting both legal and socioeconomic issues, namely: imperfection of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights (impossibility of reliable establishment of an offender who deals with Internet piracy; insufficiency of evidence base of copyright infringement; absence of judges and civil servants of specialist knowledge in the field of intellectual property rights); a highprice that makes it impossible to sell licensed products, hence, the number of sites that contain unlicensed products increases; insufficient level of financial provision of specialists who are professionals in the field of intellectual property; etc. ; В статье исследуется проблема пиратства в сфере авторского права. Раскрыто понятие «интернет-пиратство» и определены признаки данного явления. Осуществлена классификация пиратства, подтверждающая факт того, что размещение объектов авторского права в сети в настоящее время является очень распространенным явлением. Определены основные способы защиты авторских прав от пиратства в сети в Украине и соответствующие проблемные вопросы. Сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию действующего законодательства в сфере защиты авторского права от пиратства в Интернете. ; У статті досліджується проблема піратства у сфері авторського права. Розкрито поняття «інтернет-піратство», визначено ознаки цього явища. Здійснено класифікацію піратства, яка підтверджує факт того, що розміщення об'єктів авторського права в Інтернеті наразі є розповсюдженим явищем. Визначено основні способи захисту авторських прав від піратства в мережі в Україні та відповідні проблемні питання. Сформульовано пропозиції з удосконалення чинного законодавства у сфері захисту авторського права від піратства в Інтернеті.

The article investigates the problem of copyright piracy. The concept of Internet piracy is disclosed, according to which this phenomenon can be considered, both in the broad, and in the narrow sense. Piracy in the narrow sense — activities related to the manufacture and mplementation of counterfeit copies. Considering piracy in the broad sense, it can be argued that the basis of this activity is the use of the object of copyright, without the permission of the right holders in order to profit. The signs of Internet piracy are identified, including: illegal use of copyrighted objects; realization of objects of copyright by publishing, reproduction, distribution and distribution without the consent of the author (the copyright holder); causing damage to the interests of the author (the right holder); commercialization; gaining profit or moral gain illegally. The classification of piracy has been carried out, which confirms the fact that the placement of copyright objects in the «network» is currently a very widespread phenomenon. Accordingly, piracy can be classified as: activity related to the partially legal disclosure of the object of copyright; activity that is related to the falsification of the copyright object; activities that are reflected in the illegal distribution of copies of the copyright object. The main ways of protecting copyright from piracy in the Internet in Ukraine and the problem issues in this area are determined. Accordingly, legal remedies can be applied in two forms — jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional. Jurisdictional form provides that the author (legal owner) has the right to apply to the court or other competent or state bodies for the application of the necessary measures for the restoration of violated rights and the termination of the offense. Non-divisive way of protecting (self-defense) — the actions of a person in the protection of copyright, carried out by them on their own. Having analyzed the methods of protection, it was concluded that the non-irisbased form of protection provides more expeditious and cost-effective protection of the rights of the author. Jurisdictional way of protection is characterized by less efficiency.Because a considerable amount of time is spent on filing an action in court, hearing a complaint, making a decision and, finally, implementing this decision. The technical component of the non-jurisdiction form of protection is analyzed. Namely, technical methods of protection are defined, which can be attributed to: self-destruction of thecopyright object in case of illegal copying; placement of an object with limited functionality; use of watermarks; indication of copyrights on publications; etc. The proposals for amending the current legislation in the field of protection of copyright from piracy in the Internet are formulated. The changes should concern provisions affecting both legal and socioeconomic issues, namely: imperfection of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights (impossibility of reliable establishment of an offender who deals with Internet piracy; insufficiency of evidence base of copyright infringement; absence of judges and civil servants of specialist knowledge in the field of intellectual property rights); a highprice that makes it impossible to sell licensed products, hence, the number of sites that contain unlicensed products increases; insufficient level of financial provision of specialists who are professionals in the field of intellectual property; etc. ; В статье исследуется проблема пиратства в сфере авторского права. Раскрыто понятие «интернет-пиратство» и определены признаки данного явления. Осуществлена классификация пиратства, подтверждающая факт того, что размещение объектов авторского права в сети в настоящее время является очень распространенным явлением. Определены основные способы защиты авторских прав от пиратства в сети в Украине и соответствующие проблемные вопросы. Сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию действующего законодательства в сфере защиты авторского права от пиратства в Интернете. ; У статті досліджується проблема піратства у сфері авторського права. Розкрито поняття «інтернет-піратство», визначено ознаки цього явища. Здійснено класифікацію піратства, яка підтверджує факт того, що розміщення об'єктів авторського права в Інтернеті наразі є розповсюдженим явищем. Визначено основні способи захисту авторських прав від піратства в мережі в Україні та відповідні проблемні питання. Сформульовано пропозиції з удосконалення чинного законодавства у сфері захисту авторського права від піратства в Інтернеті.

In the article electronic proofs and range of problems of their application are investigated in the trial of Ukraine. The analysis of current legislation of Ukraine and real practice of application of these norms gives an opportunity as follows to represent the possible variants of presentation of electronic proofs in a court. They can be given in an original, in an electronic copy or paper copy. The necessity of making alteration is seen to the judicial legislation in the question of simplification of procedures of presentation and research of electronic proofs. Тhe analysis of current legislation of Ukraine and real practice of application of these norms gives an opportunity as follows to represent the possible variants of presentation of electronic proofs in a court. They can be given in an original, in an electronic copy or paper copy. At the same time in case of presentation of electronic documents (text documents, images, photos, video- and audio recording and others like that) in an original, at a court there can be a question in relation to the obligatory presence of electronic digital signature (a century of a 7 Law of Ukraine is «About electronic documents and electronic circulation» of documents). The obligatoryness of electronic digital signature for electronic copies is set electronic digital signature of Ukraine. In that time as a certification of electronic digital signature of text documents is usual business for considerable part of Ukrainians that work with electronic circulation of documents, then with the certification of photos or images there can be a problem. What touches possibility of certification of electronic digital signature video - and audio recording, then now it is impossible on technical reasons. Within the limits of this question the question of differentiation of concepts «original» and «copy» of electronic proof are not affected besides, that rose in the previous article. Going out marked, except the marked questions in relation to obligatoryness of certification of proofs of electronic digital signature, at a court fully justly there can be questions in relation to the necessity of leading to, or electronic proof is given by an original or electronic copy. Thus interesting is that economic feasibility in judges to check this circumstance without realization of examination is not. Ground of necessity of application of such difficult procedure for presentation of electronic proofs and establishment of accordance it was not succeeded to their requirements of legislation to set. Seen, that in Ukraine continues to exist psychological barrier of mistrust to NT, that at an international level was overcame as early as 1990th. Yes, interesting and progressive is approach of authors of the Typical law of ЮНСІТРАЛ «About electronic commerce» to determination of concept of electronic документа, where marked, that «when a legislation requires, that information was given in a writing form, this requirement is considered executed in case of presentation of datamessage, if information that in him is contained is accessible for her further use». Thus, the obvious is see the necessity of making alteration to the judicial legislation in the question of simplification of procedures of presentation and research of electronic proofs. Existence of operating procedure that unalways really can be applied, sooner or later will result in a collapse. The decision of this question can be work of judicial practice by Supreme Court, however, as a question of research of proofs does not behave to their competense, then possibility of decision of problem such a way is doubtful. As a result, an unique exit from a situation is initiation of procedure of legislative changes that touch electronic proofs in a trial. ; У статті досліджуються електронні докази та проблематика їх застосування у судовому процесі в Україні. Аналіз чинного законодавства України та реальної практики застосування цих норм дає змогу зобразити можливі варіанти подання електронних доказів до суду. Вони можуть бути подані в оригіналі, в електронній копії чи паперовій копії. Убачається необхідність внесення змін до процесуального законодавства в питанні спрощення процедур подання та дослідження електронних доказів. У юридичній літературі висловлювалася думка, що жодна з європейських держав не містить у своїх кодифікованих актах специфічного визначення електронних засобів доказування. Здебільшого їх визначають завдяки широкому тлумаченню поняття доказів, не даючи при цьому окремого визначення цих понять. Актуальність вибраної теми зумовлена науково-технічним прогресом, удосконаленням комп'ютерної техніки та інформаційних технологій, засобів зв'язку та зберігання інформації. Усе це призвело до появи нових видів доказів, забезпечення можливості використання яких та закріплення на законодавчому рівні свідчить про якісно новий рівень здійснення судочинства. Розвиток інформаційних технологій – один з аспектів глибоких перетворень у державному секторі, кінцевою метою яких є побудова єдиного інформаційного простору з великою об'єднаною базою даних і розвинутою системою комунікацій. Питання використання електронних доказів у цивільному судочинстві привертають усе більше уваги серед науковців. Ця проблема досліджувалася у дисертаціях К.Л. Брановицького, С.П. Ворожбіт, М.В. Горєлова, а також у монографіях А.П. Вершиніна та О.Т. Боннера. Останнім часом науковці почали все більше приділяти увагу дослідженню питання, що є об'єктом нашого наукового пошуку. Серед останніх розробок окремо слід відзначити науковий здобуток вітчизняних учених: О.І. Антонюка, О. Гусєва, А.Ю. Каламайка, І.І. Демчишина, В.С. Петренко, М. Соколова, Д.М. Цехан, О.С. Чорного та ін.

Analyzed the legal framework of restrictions in land use and their regime facilities (laws, regulations, rules, regulations, standards and classifications. Found that the current classification provides for the conduct of State Land Cadastre is flawed because it does not cover all kinds of restrictions, making impossible to use it for practical purposes.Therefore, we proposed territorial restrictions in the use of land classified by types and species.The classification confirms expediency to distinguish meaningful component of the project land to establish limits restrictions in land use and their rezhymoutvoryuyuchyh objects from the standard procedure of development for all types of project documentation provided by the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management".The article contains an updated block model for the drafting of land to establish the limits of restrictions on land use and regime facilities.The project land boundaries to establish restrictions on land use and regime facilities include:1) drafting task on land;2) an explanatory note;3) the decision of the local government of drafting;4) characterization of the natural environment;5) certificate containing a summary of land (territory);6) Cartogram agro-industrial groups of soils and steep slopes;7) geodetic surveys and materials of Land Management8) information on the current state of land use and protection (including registered in the State Land Cadastre restrictions on land use;9) description of the territory by establishing usage of land of natural reserve fund and other environmental protection, health, recreational, historical, cultural, forestry purposes, land and water resources protection zones, restrictions in land use and their regime facilities;10) within the limits the settlement - a copy of the graphic part of the master plan of settlement (if applicable), and outside the village - a copy of the appropriate planning documentation (if any) and a copy of the decision on the approval of such documentation;11) information on the prospective state of land use and protection within the administrative unit, which is part of land management schemes and technical economic assessment of land use and protection relevant administrative unit (if any);12) plan of the territory of mapping land, landowners and land users;13) list of operating facilities;14) plan limits land use restrictions on the types and species;15) land management regulations;16) decision on approval of land management projects on delineating restrictions on land use and their regime facilities.Keywords: land management, land management projects, land use, restrictions in land use, regime facilities. ; На підставі здійсненого аналізу законодавчого регулювання з розроблення проектів землеустрою щодо встановлення меж обмежень у використанні земель та їх режимоутворюючих об'єктів встановлено, що змістовна складова проекту не відповідає сучасним вимогам для практичного використання. Запропоновано структурну модель землевпорядних дій для розроблення цих проектів Ключові слова: землеустрій, проект землеустрою, землекористування, обмеження у використанні земель, режимоутворюючий об'єкт.

Copywriting is a relatively young text-making industry, which is becoming important with the development of the Global Network. Despite the great popularity and high economic efficiency, it has not acquired the systemic scientific coverage. Meanwhile, the scientific approach, the development of a proper conceptual apparatus, weighty methodological recommendations and generalizations are of necessity.Based on the existing scientific discourse, practical experience of copywriters, numerous texts presented in blogs of reputable content studios and advertising agencies, the authors come to a definite opinion and the concrete conclusions, stated in this paper.Modern media practice is inextricably linked with the content creation and SEO promotion. Journalists, PR-specialists, ordinary owners of online resources are daily faced with the problem of filling sites, their optimization for search engines and promotion. The Ukrainian and Russian segments of the Internet are filled with resources, the content of which duplicates each other, because it created using copy-paste technology. This situation contradicts the current legislation of Ukraine, violates ethical standards and reduces the effectiveness of online texts. The development of a comprehensive scientific and methodological framework will reduce the negative situation and will be useful for practicing copywriters. The activity should go beyond the limits of purely practical activities and acquire its scientific understanding.It uses the separation of the process of creating content for copywriting, rewriting, scanning, translation from other languages, copy-paste, synonymizing. According to the authors, such an approach is optimal for the current state of this activity. From the presented list, attention is focused on copywriting as the most promising technology for creating texts for websites. All types of copywriting available in UA and Runet (image, SEO, LSI-copywriting, SMM and writing texts that sell) are analyzed, and the main requirements for each of them ...

The editorial office of the Ukrainian Information Space has decided to publish the full article of the journalist of the UPA O. Hornovyi «On the freedom of press in the USSR» for the first time in Ukraine. The author of the article is a member of the main unit of propaganda during the OUN. He died in 1950 at the age of 29 in a battle with the KGB department near one of the shelters in Lviv region. This unique, virtually unknown to researchers and quite consistent with the current Ukrainian realities, text has a dramatic fate. It was published in 1946 on the front pages of the Ukrainian Main Liberation Council (UMLC) magazine «Independence». It was the only number, and it has not survived to this day. The text of the article was distributed in self-publishing on the territory of the Soviet Ukraine. In 1949 it was published a separate brochure in one of the underground UIA printing houses with the initial data «Kyiv-Lviv». The only surviving copy of this brochure in the scanned form was published on the website of the Electronic Archive of the Ukrainian Liberation Movement. However, the original of the brochure itself is rather damaged: it lacks several pages, and individual pages lack whole sections of text. Later, the article was reprinted in one of the issues of the so-called miniature brochures from the massif of subversive anti-Soviet literature, which was published on behalf of the UMLC Foreign Office in London and was illegally transported to the territory of Soviet Ukraine. A copy of this booklet was discovered by Professor Mykola Tymoshyk in the archives of the Ukrainian Publishing Union in London during a recent research internship in the United Kingdom. This document is the subject of editorial preparation for this publication. It analyzes the Soviet press in the context of the notion of press freedom in a democratic and totalitarian society. By giving a number of examples from the central and local Soviet press, the author identifies three features of Soviet journalism: a) the press in the USSR belongs ...

According to expert estimation, 33% of informal sector of Ukrainian economy is shaped by piracy. Special 301 reports on copyright protection argue that Ukraine has serious problems with legal regulation of copyright protection. The U.S. federal government suspended the duty-free treatment of Ukrainian goods on December 22, 2017. The main cause of the act was inadequate copyright protection policy in Ukraine. This kind of policy provides favorable context for digital piracy, especially Internet piracy – using the Internet as a tool for illegal consumption of different types of goods (books, music etc.). The research paper deals with internet piracy in Ukraine. Following analysis is based on theory of rational choice with particular attention to the Becker model and James S. Coleman's conception of micro-to-macro transitions. The principle of utility maximization is a core element of the theory. According to G. Becker, person becomes "criminal" (pirate, in this case) "not because their basic motivation is differ from that of other persons, but because their benefits and costs differ". The paper focuses on the case of pirate Telegram channel "The Book Depository in Ukrainian" (2035 followers). Pirates donated some money for one print copy of a book, bought it, after that they scanned it and made available in the channel for free. All followers of the channel who donated as well as who did not, got an access for the e-copy. The author explores socio-structural preconditions of internet piracy, negative externalities and provides optimal condition for normative regulation and penalty. From the economic point of view, the optimal regulatory strategy will stultify internet piracy. Negative externalities were calculated according to the "loss function" that was provided by G. Becker for crime (3. 946. 240 UAH). The existing regulatory strategy is not optimal. The formal model for optimal fine (ƒ ́ ́) is ƒ ́ ́=(3*Y)*N, where Y – "income" of pirate after crime, N – number of pirates in the network. ; Стаття розглядає інтернет-піратство в Україні. Пропонований аналіз ґрунтується на теорії раціонального вибору, насамперед моделі Ґ. Беккера та концепції мікро-макро переходів Дж. Колмена. Увага в статті фокусується на випадку піратського каналу «Склад книжок українською мовою» в месенджері Telegram. Автор розглядає соціоструктурні передумови інтернет-піратства, негативні екстерналії та пропонує оптимальну умову нормативного регулювання й покарання, що з економічної позиції позбавить піратство сенсу.

According to expert estimation, 33% of informal sector of Ukrainian economy is shaped by piracy. Special 301 reports on copyright protection argue that Ukraine has serious problems with legal regulation of copyright protection. The U.S. federal government suspended the duty-free treatment of Ukrainian goods on December 22, 2017. The main cause of the act was inadequate copyright protection policy in Ukraine. This kind of policy provides favorable context for digital piracy, especially Internet piracy – using the Internet as a tool for illegal consumption of different types of goods (books, music etc.). The research paper deals with internet piracy in Ukraine. Following analysis is based on theory of rational choice with particular attention to the Becker model and James S. Coleman's conception of micro-to-macro transitions. The principle of utility maximization is a core element of the theory. According to G. Becker, person becomes «criminal» (pirate, in this case) «not because their basic motivation is differ from that of other persons, but because their benefits and costs differ». The paper focuses on the case of pirate Telegram channel «The Book Depository in Ukrainian» (2035 followers). Pirates donated some money for one print copy of a book, bought it, after that they scanned it and made available in the channel for free. All followers of the channel who donated as well as who did not, got an access for the e-copy. The author explores socio-structural preconditions of internet piracy, negative externalities and provides optimal condition for normative regulation and penalty. From the economic point of view, the optimal regulatory strategy will stultify internet piracy. Negative externalities were calculated according to the «loss function» that was provided by G. Becker for crime (3. 946. 240 UAH). The existing regulatory strategy is not optimal. The formal model for optimal fine (ƒ ́ ́) is ƒ ́ ́=(2*Y)*N, where Y – «income» of pirate after crime, N – number of pirates in the network. Here is corrected version of the research paper by the same title that was published in 2017. Please do not quote or cite previous version of the research paper. ; Стаття розглядає інтернет-піратство в Україні. Пропонований текст – уточнена версія роботи 2017 р. Цитуйте, будь ласка, поточну версію. Пропонований аналіз ґрунтується на теорії раціонального вибору, насамперед моделі Беккера та концепції мікро-макро переходів Дж. С. Колмена. Стаття фокусується на випадку піратського каналу «Склад книжок українською мовою» в Telegram. Автор розглядає соціоструктурні передумови інтернет-піратства, негативні екстерналії та пропонує оптимальну умову нормативного регулювання й покарання, що з економічного погляду позбавить піратство сенсу.

According to expert estimation, 33% of informal sector of Ukrainian economy is shaped by piracy. Special 301 reports on copyright protection argue that Ukraine has serious problems with legal regulation of copyright protection. The U.S. federal government suspended the duty-free treatment of Ukrainian goods on December 22, 2017. The main cause of the act was inadequate copyright protection policy in Ukraine. This kind of policy provides favorable context for digital piracy, especially Internet piracy – using the Internet as a tool for illegal consumption of different types of goods (books, music etc.). The research paper deals with internet piracy in Ukraine. Following analysis is based on theory of rational choice with particular attention to the Becker model and James S. Coleman's conception of micro-to-macro transitions. The principle of utility maximization is a core element of the theory. According to G. Becker, person becomes «criminal» (pirate, in this case) «not because their basic motivation is differ from that of other persons, but because their benefits and costs differ». The paper focuses on the case of pirate Telegram channel «The Book Depository in Ukrainian» (2035 followers). Pirates donated some money for one print copy of a book, bought it, after that they scanned it and made available in the channel for free. All followers of the channel who donated as well as who did not, got an access for the e-copy. The author explores socio-structural preconditions of internet piracy, negative externalities and provides optimal condition for normative regulation and penalty. From the economic point of view, the optimal regulatory strategy will stultify internet piracy. Negative externalities were calculated according to the «loss function» that was provided by G. Becker for crime (3. 946. 240 UAH). The existing regulatory strategy is not optimal. The formal model for optimal fine (ƒ ́ ́) is ƒ ́ ́=(2*Y)*N, where Y – «income» of pirate after crime, N – number of pirates in the network. Here is corrected version of the research paper by the same title that was published in 2017. Please do not quote or cite previous version of the research paper. ; Стаття розглядає інтернет-піратство в Україні. Пропонований текст – уточнена версія роботи 2017 р. Цитуйте, будь ласка, поточну версію. Пропонований аналіз ґрунтується на теорії раціонального вибору, насамперед моделі Беккера та концепції мікро-макро переходів Дж. С. Колмена. Стаття фокусується на випадку піратського каналу «Склад книжок українською мовою» в Telegram. Автор розглядає соціоструктурні передумови інтернет-піратства, негативні екстерналії та пропонує оптимальну умову нормативного регулювання й покарання, що з економічного погляду позбавить піратство сенсу.

Assiduous attention in experimental work concerning formation of political culture of cadets in the process of professional training in higher military educational establishments was paid to implementation of interactive forms of lectures and seminars into educational process.Those that generated interest in cadets and teachers during the experiment are worth consideration. Therefore, for the "paradox" lecture there was selected material touching upon the theme of the lecture, but it included data containing pre-planned mistakes. The task of future officers was to find them out. Customarily, the lecture contained up to six different mistakes, and their quantity depended on the level of preparation of the academic group and complexity of the theme. For activation of future officers' work during this type of lecture as well as for providing opportunity to check this work, they make up the plan of the lecture, write down notes, record all made by the teacher mistakes, give short answers to the questions asked by the teacher in the course of the lecture or at its beginning.Future officers carried out this work in two samples at the check copy and carbon copy in the notebook. At the end of the lecture the check copy was given to the teacher and then they continued working with the material in the notebooks in the following sequence: one cadet called out the found by him or her mistake; the teacher repeated a fragment of the lecture with the educed mistake; other cadets had to explain the essence of the mistake or why this mistake was wrongly educed and was not a mistake.Organization of seminars in the forms of "round tables" and "trainings" made setting for relaxing communication and openness to criticism of their group mates, encouraged formation of interest to future professional activity, ability to assess the current situation and take the ultimate decision; it demanded from every participant objective assessment of their abilities. This type of cooperation promotes fruitful activities, concurrent to socially important idea and directed to success of general action and attainment of the defined objective. Participating in trainings at the classes of different subjects, future officers received an opportunity to express their personal qualities, develop attention, watchfulness, memory, concentration on any process or phenomenon, familiarize with peculiarities of their future profession in practical terms.Interactive methods of classical forms of education were intensely used while teaching the Humanities, sociopolitical and psychological subjects during the forming stage of the experiment. The results of their application showed that future officers actively form aptitudes to go beyond the limits of the set situation, independent aim-setting, positive emotional and praxiological attitude to perception, activity and cooperation.Important means of development of pedagogical conditions became the following innovative methods of teaching: synectic, "aquarium technique", "brainstorming" and "case analysis". Application of these types of methods together with traditional ones (narration, explanation, exercise, practice etc.) enabled to actualize the gained professional knowledge, raise interest in them and, this way, to encourage professional training in the direction of developing future officers' personal agency, personal adjustment, multi context creative thinking and professional self-awareness.Assiduous attention it the process of formation of political culture of future officers (studying of professional modules) was paid to academic and professional tasks. The results of the formation experiment showed that these types of tasks are sufficiently useful for cadets. First, they together with academic tasks of job training with different objectives directed at development of operations concerning political orientation of cadets: analysis, comprehension, choice, approval of conceptual decision, construction and taking up of analogical options; second, they touch upon personal interests of cadets encourage them to active political work; third, make cadets think of themselves, their aptitudes and opportunities in academic activities, think of what they manage to do and what do not and why, and think of the ways of rectifying it. ; Значна увага в експериментальній роботі щодо формування політичної культури курсантів у фаховій підготовці у ВВНЗ приділялася впровадженню в освітній процес інтерактивних форм лекцій і семінарів. Розглянемо ті з них, які викликали найбільший інтерес у курсантів і викладачів під час експерименту. Так, для лекції-"парадокса" відбирався матеріал, що стосується теми, яка вивчається, але в нього включаються і відомості, що містять заплановані помилки.Організація семінарських занять методом "круглого столу" і "тренінгів" налаштовувала до невимушеного спілкування і правильного сприйняття критики однокурсників, сприяла формуванню інтересу до майбутньої професійної діяльності, уміння порівнювати свої судження з думкою оточення і робити необхідні висновки, уміння оцінювати ситуацію, що склалася, і приймати оптимальні рішення, вимагала від кожного учасника об'єктивної оцінки своїх можливостей. Інтерактивні методи класичних форм освіти активно застосовувалися у формувальному експерименті при вивченні гуманітарних, соціально-політичних і психологічних дисциплін. Важливими засобами створення педагогічних умов стали такі інноваційні методи навчання, як синектика, "техніка акваріума", "мозковий штурм", "кейс-аналіз". Застосування подібних методів у поєднанні з традиційними (розповідь, пояснення, вправа, тренування тощо) дало змогу актуалізувати здобуті професійні знання, підвищити інтерес до них, а отже, сприяти спрямованості професійної підготовки на розвиток суб'єктності майбутніх офіцерів, особистої саморегуляції, багатоконтекстного креативного мислення, професійної самосвідомості.Значна увага в процесі формування політичної культури майбутніх офіцерів (вивчення професійних модулів) була приділена також навчально-професійним завданням.У статті розкрито особливості проведення дослідно-експериментальної роботі щодо формування політичної культури курсантів у процесі фахової підготовки у ВВНЗ.

The fundamental idea of this article is in the substation of the thesis: the origins of the democratic regimes essentially influence the process of its stabilization. The author distinguishes two types of the democracies: original and imitational, according to their origins. The potential threats of imitational democracy highlighted in this article. The author makes following conclusions: news democratic regimes must not blindly copy the institutes and standards of stable democracies; the process of transit from electoral to liberal democracy requires neutralization the threats of democratic development; to be saved the democracy must have defensive capacity. ; Основная идея статьи заключается в обосновании тезиса: происхождение демократического режима существенно влияет на процесс обретения им устойчивости. В соответствии с происхождением автор различает два типа демократий: оригинальный и подражательный. В статье раскрываются потенциальные угрозы подражательной демократии и делаются выводы о том, что новообразованные демократические режимы не должны слепо копировать институты и нормы устоявшихся демократий; процесс перехода от электоральной демократии к либеральной предполагает нейтрализацию угроз демократическому развитию; чтобы сохранить себя, демократия должна быть обороноспособной. ; Основна ідея статті полягає в обґрунтуванні тези: походження демократичного режиму істотно впливає на процес його усталення. Відповідно до походження автор розрізняє два типи демократії: оригінальний та наслідуваний. У статті розкриваються потенційні небезпеки наслідуваної демократії та робляться висновки про те, що новоутворені демократичні режими не повинні сліпо копіювати інститути та норми сталих демократій; процес переходу від електоральної демократії до ліберальної передбачає нейтралізацію небезпек демократичному розвиткові; щоб зберегти себе, демократія має бути обороноздатною.

У статті розглянуті два законодавчі акти Німеччини, присвячені регулюванню авторського права і суміжних прав в інформаційному суспільстві. Перший введений в дію 10 вересня 2003 гора (Закон 2003 роки), другий посилання — 1 січня 2008 року (Закон 2008 року), якими внесено істотні зміни до Закону Німеччини про авторське право і суміжні права від 9 вересня 1965 року. Досліджено нововведення зазначених законодавчих актів Німеччини, які рекомендовано розглядати при подальшому вдосконаленні національного законодавства України у сфері авторського права і суміжних прав. ; В статье рассмотрены два законодательных акта Германии, посвященные регулированию авторского права и смежных прав в информационном обществе.Первый введен в действие 10 сентября 2003 гора (Закон 2003 года), второй — 1 января 2008 года (Закон 2008 года), которыми внесены значительные изменения в Закон Германии об авторском праве и смежных правах от 9 сентября 1965 года. Исследованы нововведения указанных законодательных актов Германии, которые рекомендовано рассматривать при дельнейшем совершенствовании национального законодательства Украины в области авторского права и смежных прав. ; The article discusses two legislative acts of Germany on the regulation of copyright and related rights in the information society. The first was enacted on September 10, 2003 (the 2003 law) and the second — January 1, 2008 (the 2008 law), which introduced significant changes to the German law of September 3, 1965 (on copyright and related rights).The main innovation of the 2003 law introduced the rights to publicity post rights works on the Internet and its restrictions prohibit the use of technical means of protecting works without the consent of the authors. The law also prohibits the copying of works for personal use in cases where a copy is used to create a copy (the counterfeitingof which is obvious). The main points of the reform envisaged by the 2008 law: in paragraph 31 of the «Copyright and Related Rights» Law the fourth paragraph containing a ban on granting rights use was crossed out. The system of determining the amount of funds that arepayable by importers of manufacturers and equipment and material carriers used to reproduce works replacement by contractual. Amendments were made to the article containing the rules of free coping for personal purposes. New laws were established on thelegislative framework for the use of copyright works in the field of education and science.As of March 1, 2017, new rules for exclusive licenses apply in Germany. Thus, «exclusivity » under an exclusive license reduced to 10 years (paragraph 40 A); after a ten-year license period, are considered non-exclusive and the author may freely and free of chargeoperate the licensed work and grant licenses to other persons. After the first five years of the period, only its licenses may be agreed by the parties and agreed to extend the exclusivity beyond ten years. This provides the authors with the opportunity to claim additionalcompensation for extended exclusivity, especially where practice has shown that there is real commercial success by the end of the first five years of the license.Introducing also reporting obligations (paragraphs 32 d and 32 c): new rules for author authorizing the right to require licensees of annual reports detailing how licensed works are used and the amount of revenue generated from such use.Investigated the innovations of legislative acts in Germany, which is recommended to take into account while further improving of the legislation of Ukraine in the field of copyright and adjacent rights are investigated.

У статті розглянуті два законодавчі акти Німеччини, присвячені регулюванню авторського права і суміжних прав в інформаційному суспільстві. Перший введений в дію 10 вересня 2003 гора (Закон 2003 роки), другий посилання — 1 січня 2008 року (Закон 2008 року), якими внесено істотні зміни до Закону Німеччини про авторське право і суміжні права від 9 вересня 1965 року. Досліджено нововведення зазначених законодавчих актів Німеччини, які рекомендовано розглядати при подальшому вдосконаленні національного законодавства України у сфері авторського права і суміжних прав. ; В статье рассмотрены два законодательных акта Германии, посвященные регулированию авторского права и смежных прав в информационном обществе.Первый введен в действие 10 сентября 2003 гора (Закон 2003 года), второй — 1 января 2008 года (Закон 2008 года), которыми внесены значительные изменения в Закон Германии об авторском праве и смежных правах от 9 сентября 1965 года. Исследованы нововведения указанных законодательных актов Германии, которые рекомендовано рассматривать при дельнейшем совершенствовании национального законодательства Украины в области авторского права и смежных прав. ; The article discusses two legislative acts of Germany on the regulation of copyright and related rights in the information society. The first was enacted on September 10, 2003 (the 2003 law) and the second — January 1, 2008 (the 2008 law), which introduced significant changes to the German law of September 3, 1965 (on copyright and related rights).The main innovation of the 2003 law introduced the rights to publicity post rights works on the Internet and its restrictions prohibit the use of technical means of protecting works without the consent of the authors. The law also prohibits the copying of works for personal use in cases where a copy is used to create a copy (the counterfeitingof which is obvious). The main points of the reform envisaged by the 2008 law: in paragraph 31 of the «Copyright and Related Rights» Law the fourth paragraph containing a ban on granting rights use was crossed out. The system of determining the amount of funds that arepayable by importers of manufacturers and equipment and material carriers used to reproduce works replacement by contractual. Amendments were made to the article containing the rules of free coping for personal purposes. New laws were established on thelegislative framework for the use of copyright works in the field of education and science.As of March 1, 2017, new rules for exclusive licenses apply in Germany. Thus, «exclusivity » under an exclusive license reduced to 10 years (paragraph 40 A); after a ten-year license period, are considered non-exclusive and the author may freely and free of chargeoperate the licensed work and grant licenses to other persons. After the first five years of the period, only its licenses may be agreed by the parties and agreed to extend the exclusivity beyond ten years. This provides the authors with the opportunity to claim additionalcompensation for extended exclusivity, especially where practice has shown that there is real commercial success by the end of the first five years of the license.Introducing also reporting obligations (paragraphs 32 d and 32 c): new rules for author authorizing the right to require licensees of annual reports detailing how licensed works are used and the amount of revenue generated from such use.Investigated the innovations of legislative acts in Germany, which is recommended to take into account while further improving of the legislation of Ukraine in the field of copyright and adjacent rights are investigated.