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Educational freedom does not consist in the right of every individual to use such economic advantages as he may happen to possess in order to secure special opportunities for himself and his children, or in the unfettered discretion of those who control educational resources to employ them to gratify their natural, but antisocial, egotism.... Those who have seen the inside both of lawyers' chambers and of coal mines will not suppose that of the inhabitants of those places of gloom the former are more constantly inspired by the humanities than are the latter, or that conveyancing is in itself a more liberal art than hewing. -R. H. Tawney, The Radical Tradition

This paper analyzes the political thought of the Counterreformation in the context of Colonial Mexico. In colonial society, the image of the German reformer Martin Luther served not only as an element of propaganda against the Protestant Reformation, but also as the antithesis of Catholic Colonial cultural and ideological values, mainly of the creoles. Consequently here the Counterreformation ideology and values is analyzed through the anti-Lutheran discourse from the historiographical point of view, theological and iconographic. ; Este trabajo analiza el pensamiento político de la Contrarreforma en el contexto del México colonial. En la sociedad novohispana, la figura del reformador alemán, Martín Lutero sirvió no sólo como un elemento de propaganda contra la reforma protestante, sino como antítesis de los valores culturales e ideológicos de los católicos novohispanos, principalmente de los criollos. Consecuentemente aquí se analiza la ideología contrarreformista y sus valores a través del discurso anti luterano desde el punto de vista historiográfico, el teológico y el iconográfico.

"Este trabajo analiza el pensamiento político de la Contrarreforma en el contexto del México colonial. En la sociedad novohispana, la figura del reformador alemán, Martín Lutero sirvió no sólo como un elemento de propaganda contra la reforma protestante, sino como antítesis de los valores culturales e ideológicos de los católicos novohispanos, principalmente de los criollos. Consecuentemente aquí se analiza la ideología contrarreformista y sus valores a través del discurso anti luterano desde el punto de vista historiográfico, el teológico y el iconográfico." ; "This paper analyzes the political thought of the Counterreformation in the context of Colonial Mexico. In colonial society, the image of the German reformer Martin Luther served not only as an element of propaganda against the Protestant Reformation, but also as the antithesis of Catholic Colonial cultural and ideological values, mainly of the creoles. Consequently here the Counterreformation ideology and values is analyzed through the anti-Lutheran discourse from the historiographical point of view, theological and iconographic."

La reciente literatura historiográfica y la proliferación de los Estudios Culturales dan cuenta decómo y porqué la historia del cristianismo no puede comprenderse si no se especifica la historia de susdiscursos estéticos y sus representaciones simbólicas. En este artículo me interesa destacar el sistema derelaciones entre estética y política en el proyecto del Barroco hispano, especialmente localizo el núcleo'político' de la estética católica de la Contrarreforma a partir de la reconstrucción del debate "teológico"que se tuvo acerca del uso de las imágenes religiosas. En primer lugar repaso brevemente la historia delproblema de la legitimidad de las representaciones. Posteriormente, señalo la justificación política de laopción católica por las imágenes como un discurso reactivo al advenimiento de nuevas formas dereligiosidad, principalmente de la iconoclastia protestante y la desmesura barroca. ; Recent historiographical literature and the proliferation of the Cultural Studies give account ofhow and because the history of the Christianity cannot be understood if the history of its aestheticdiscourses and their symbolic representations is not specified. In this article, interests to me to emphasizethe system of relations between aesthetic and political in the project of the Hispanic Baroque, specially Ilocate "the political" nucleus of the catholic aesthetic of the Counter-Reformation from the reconstructionof "theological" debate that was had about the use of the religious images. In the first place review brieflythe history of the problem of the legitimacy of the representations. Later, I indicate the political justification of the catholic option by the images as a reactive discourse to the coming of new forms ofreligiosity, mainly of protestant iconoclasm and the baroque immoderation.

The objective of this volume is to review the validity and relevance of the concepts of "Reformation" and "Counter- Reformation" as categories of analysis of Catholic political thought of the XVI-XIX centuries. ; El objetivo de este volumen es revisar la vigencia y pertinencia de los conceptos de "Reforma" y "Contrarreforma" como categorías de análisis del pensamiento político católico de los siglos XVI-XIX.

Critical edition of the german translation of G. B. Marino's La sferza invettiva, commentary and context of the Counterreformation in Vienna 1655 - Kommentiert Ausgabe der deutschen Übersetzung von G.B. Marinos Sferza invettiva und Eingliederung in den kulturellen Zusammenhang der Gegenreformation in Wien um 1655Edizione della traduzione in tedesco della Sferza invettiva di G.B. Marino e inserimento della traduzione nel contesto della Controriforma a Vienna nel 1655.

The objective of this volume is to review the validity and relevance of the concepts of "Reformation" and "CounterReformation" as categories of analysis of Catholic political thought of the xvi-xix centuries. ; Peer reviewed

"Este trabajo analiza el pensamiento político de la Contrarreforma en el contexto del México colonial. En la sociedad novohispana, la figura del reformador alemán, Martín Lutero sirvió no sólo como un elemento de propaganda contra la reforma protestante, sino como antítesis de los valores culturales e ideológicos de los católicos novohispanos, principalmente de los criollos. Consecuentemente aquí se analiza la ideología contrarreformista y sus valores a través del discurso anti luterano desde el punto de vista historiográfico, el teológico y el iconográfico." ; "This paper analyzes the political thought of the Counterreformation in the context of Colonial Mexico. In colonial society, the image of the German reformer Martin Luther served not only as an element of propaganda against the Protestant Reformation, but also as the antithesis of Catholic Colonial cultural and ideological values, mainly of the creoles. Consequently here the Counterreformation ideology and values is analyzed through the anti-Lutheran discourse from the historiographical point of view, theological and iconographic."

"In the first half of the 16th century, adherents to Catholicism were more than the flipside of the Protestant Reformation. They sought and found a new "old faith" between the Late Middle Ages and the Counterreformation. These processes of rediscovery were extraordinarily dynamic. The book applies five comparative micro-studies from the Holy Roman Empire and France to examine their history, including trans-regional pamphlet publication--