Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена анализу уголовно-правовых норм, с помощью которых можно определить, к какой категории относится то или иное преступление и как категории преступлений влияют на многие факторы применения уголовной ответственности. В данной статье уделяется внимание как характеру, так и степени общественной опасности. Раскрывается основная классификация категорий преступлений, а также рассматриваются другие классификации, существующие в науке уголовного права. На сегодняшний день система категорий преступлений, изложенная в статье 15 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации, является институтом, который отражает дифференциацию ответственности на законодательном уровне и создает фундамент для индивидуализации наказания. ; The article is devoted to analysis of criminal law, by which it is possible to determine to which category a particular crime and as a category of crime affect many factors of criminal liability. This article focuses on how the character and degree of public danger. The main classification categories of crime, and discusses other classifications that exist in the science of criminal law. Today, the system of categories of offences set out in article 15 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, an institution which reflects the differentiation of responsibility at the legislative level and provides the basis for sentencing.

The article deals with the problems of counteraction to environmental crime, encroaching on objects of wildlife and forests. The relevance of the selected topic is related to the fact that the number of crimes against the environment does not decrease, their social danger increases, the consequences of their harm become global. This is especially evident in encroachments on the animal world, forestry in the country. The article analyzes the state of environmental crime, investigative and judicial practice, the international practice of combating environmental crime, developed proposals to improve criminal legislation and organize counteraction to environmental crime. ; В статье рассматривается проблемы противодействия экологической преступности, посягающей на объекты животного мира и лесов. Актуальность избранной темы связана с тем, что количество преступлений против окружающей среды не уменьшается, возрастает их общественная опасность, последствия их вреда приобретают глобальный характер. Особенно это проявляется в посягательствах на животный мир, лесное хозяйство страны. В статье проанализированы состояние экологической преступности, следственная и судебная практика, международная практика борьбы с экологическими преступлениями, выработаны предложения по совершенствованию уголовного законодательства и организации противодействия экологической преступности.

The article studies determination of corruption-related crimes in health care system. Authors state that health care has become one of three most corrupted spheres recently. Despite the fact that during last four years there has been two-fold increase of federal budget expenditures on health care the quality of medical treatment has not improved. Health care budget funds are often spent for purposes other than that intended and citizens have to pay for those medical services that have to be free of charge. Authors analysed official statistics on corruption in health care system (statistics from General Prosecutor Office, Investigation Committee, Supreme Court of the Russian Federation) along with data received from Russian Public Opinion Research Center. The article defines reasons and conditions of corruption-related crimes committed in health care system. Authors analyse general circumstances that provoke the crimes in question. Those are negative aspects of changes in economical and socio political systems of Russian society; ideological and social psychologic factors; organizational reasons and circumstances; problems in law-enforcement agencies' activity; lacks of legislation regulations. The article provides with characteristics of circumstances that directly conduce corrution-related crimes in health care system. Authors study main reasons for corruption crime latency in health care. Special attention is paid to features of victimity and victimization of analysed crimes' victims. Authors give some practical recommendations that constitute methodological support for preventing corruption crimes in health care system.

The article discusses the theoretical basis of implementation of one of the goals of punishment, namely the prevention of crime. It also examines the philosophical and historical assumptions of the definition of the purpose of punishment, and the effectiveness of the modern penal system and practices of their purpose from the point of view of achieving the goal of crime prevention. The attention is focused on the low efficiency of crime prevention on the part of the convicted person (special prevention) on the basis of the indicator of the level of recurrence of crimes. It is stated that the reason may be the imperfection of sanctions: their non-compliance with the gravity of the committed crime, as well as (quite often) the excessive alternativism of penalties provided for the Commission of a particular crime. The article may be of interest not only to representatives of the science of criminal law, but also to all who are interested in the current political and legal situation in the country.

В работе авторами всесторонне изучаются преступления коррупционной направленности, совершаемые на территории Российской Федерации, а также рассматривается вопрос об условиях, порождающих данный вид преступности, и методах борьбы с ними на уровне исполнительной и законодательной власти. ; In work authors comprehensively study the crimes of corruption orientation committed in the territory of the Russian Federation, and also the question of the conditions generating this type of crime and methods of fight against them at the level of Executive and legislative power is considered

The article gives analysis of criminological measures of stock market crimes counteraction. Negative economic trends define criminal capacity development in society. This development as long as government long-term official neutral position led to wide-spread occurrence of new criminal behavior forms of economic subjects (including those on stock market). Recent changes introduced into criminal law couldn' t effectively counteract to crimes on stock market since they were only random and not based on scientific researches in economy and law. Significant difficulties rose in law enforcement process in terms of detection and legal evaluation of these crimes. Individual crimes are detected while organized groups' activity goes under the radar. Legal regulation and practical realization of national policy on stock market crimes and crimes against interests of investors counteraction are raised in the article. The authors reveal reasons of securities-related crimes, factors of general order and circumstances that lead to individual crimes. The article presents conditions that result in crimes against stockholder rights, securities register-related crimes and crimes related to securities transfer violations. The authors suggest complex of measures aimed at general and special prevention of crimes against interests of investors. © 2014, Criminology Journal of Baikal National University of Economics and Law. All rights Reserved.

Статья посвящена изучению объема понятия неоконченного преступления. В литературе, кроме названных законодателем (приготовление к преступлению и покушение на преступление), выделяются также другие (добровольный отказ от преступления, добровольно оставленные приготовление и покушение, неполное и полное покушение на преступление) виды неоконченного преступления. На основе нормативного материала (ст. 29 и 31 УК РФ) такому подходу дается критическая оценка. Одновременно отмечается, что в науке при трактовке неоконченного преступления никак не учитываются нередко производимые классификации приготовления к преступлению и покушения на преступление. Отмеченное автор считает непоследовательностью теоретического анализа. В статье предлагается различать, с одной стороны, полное и неполное неоконченные преступления, с другой стороны, объективно и субъективно неоконченные преступления. При этом полным признается неоконченное преступление, при котором лицо считает, что совершило все необходимое для доведения преступления до конца; неполным неоконченное преступление, при котором лицо считает, что совершило не все необходимое для доведения преступления до конца; объективно неоконченным преступление, не доведенное до конца не вследствие ошибки со стороны лица, его совершившего; под субъективно неоконченным преступление, не доведенное до конца вследствие ошибки со стороны лица, его совершившего. Оценивая значение выявленных видов неоконченных преступлений, автор заключает, что они, не влияя на саму уголовную ответственность, важны для ее реализации, ибо чем полнее совершено неоконченное преступление, тем ближе оно к оконченному и тем более строгое при прочих равных условиях допустимо наказание; ошибочные же действия лица свидетельствуют о меньшей его общественной опасности, что при прочих равных условиях, наоборот, должно влечь менее строгое наказание. ; The article is devoted to the study of the scope of the concept of an unfinished crime. In the literature, in addition to the types of unfinished crime named by the legislator (preparations for a crime and attempts at a crime), others are also distinguished (voluntary refusal of a crime, voluntarily abandoned preparation and attempt, incomplete and complete attempt at a crime). Based on the normative material (Articles 29 and 31 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), this approach is critically evaluated. At the same time, it is noted that in science, at the level of an unfinished crime, the often produced classifications of preparations for a crime and attempts at a crime do not manifest themselves in any way. The author considers this to be an inconsistency of theoretical analysis. He tries to overcome it and offers to distinguish, on the one hand, complete and incomplete unfinished crimes, on the other hand, objectively and subjectively unfinished crimes. At the same time, it is proposed to understand under complete-an unfinished crime, in which a person believes that he has done everything necessary to bring the crime to an end; under incomplete an unfinished crime, in which a person believes that he has not done everything necessary to bring the crime to an end; under objectively unfinished crimes that were not completed due to an error on the part of the persons who committed them; under subjectively unfinished crimes that were not completed due to an error on the part of the persons who committed them. Assessing the significance of the identified types of unfinished crimes, in conclusion, it is noted that they, without affecting the criminal responsibility itself, are important for its implementation, because the more completely an unfinished crime is committed, the closer it is to the finished one and the more severe punishment is permissible, all other things being equal; erroneous actions of a person indicate less public danger, which, all other things being equal, on the contrary, should entail less severe punishment.

In this article, the specifics of bribery qualification are examined, special attention is paid to the ways of bribery and countering bribery at the legislative level. In practice, the problem also lies in the fact that sometimes the object of a bribe - money (in most cases) - does not reach the official, and the crime is stopped at the stage of its receipt by the intermediary. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that, in spite of the fact that at present the legislative base in the field of combating corruption has been formed in the Russian Federation, appropriate legislative, economic, organizational, political and informational measures have been adopted aimed at state regulation of legal relations in this area, protection of society and the state from corruption manifestations, problems are still preserved.