Through a documentary methodology close to legal hermeneutics, the article reveals the main problematic aspects of the detection, investigation, and combat of crimes against sexual freedom and the inviolability of children, as well as highlights the main positions of the European Court of Rights in this regard. Ukraine is currently actively discussing the prospect of a comprehensive and stable juvenile justice system, so protecting the rights of the child from the usurpation of sexual freedom and inviolability is an important part of ensuring its functioning. The work aims to establish the characteristics of detection, investigation, and prevention of crimes against the freedom and sexual inviolability of the child and, suggest ways to solve the main problems. The result of this work is to identify specific features of the detection, investigation, and combat of crimes against the freedom and sexual inviolability of the child, while determining the importance of investigative and preventive actions considering the psychological characteristics of children, proposing ways to improve the existing system of protection of sexual crimes. It is concluded that the prevention of these crimes requires multidimensional legal and political action.
El presente artículo resultado de investigación, pretende aportar elementos clave, que den cuenta de los nexos entre libre comercio y la violación permanente de los derechos humanos e incluso con delitos de lesa humanidad; situaciones que no se constituyen en hechos aislados, circunstanciales y producto de la simultaneidad aparente entre delincuencia en abstracto, desarrollada en zonas donde se proyectan y desarrollan proyectos estratégicos para la economía global, sino en un asunto relacionado, provocado, sostenido por los grupos económicos, políticos tanto nacionales como internacionales que ganan con estos mega-proyectos.
Within the scope of the scientific article, by means of documentary sources, the main conceptual directions of the fight against environmental crime in Ukraine are highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on the use of social mechanisms to ensure legality in the investigated area; adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On ecological culture of the population"; careful planning of the processes of development and implementation of organizational, legal and other measures aimed at preventing crimes against the environment. It is proposed to increase funding of control and supervisory bodies for the detection and prevention of criminal offenses, other state structures for the protection of nature; development of a unified state policy in the field of combating organized environmental crime, all this, on the basis of a criminological examination of legislation. In the conclusions it is proposed to unify the efforts of law enforcement agencies of various states to stop anti-environmental criminal behavior, neutralize all stages of the implementation of a criminal offense: planning, illegal extraction of resources, transportation, sale and laundering of proceeds obtained through crime against nature.
This scientific article is devoted to the interpretation of war crimes and crimes against humanity, peculiarities of regulation of these illegal acts and organization of their investigation in Ukraine. Using the dialectical method, it emphasizes the necessity of using the resources of the International Criminal Court ICC in Ukraine and establishing a Special International Tribunal to hold personally responsible for the commission of crimes of aggression the actors involved. The expediency of creating a special state institute for interaction with the ICC with the appointment of national coordinators is argued. The components of the concept of investigation of war crimes and crimes against humanity are determined as a holistic, comprehensive and interdisciplinary theoretical system for activities under special conditions. In the conclusions of the case, the need to ensure clear management and coordination of the international investigation team under the auspices and control of the International Criminal Court and the Eurasian Agency in order to collect, execute, systematize and preserve the factual evidence base, in accordance with the rules of the international protocol, is pointed out.
General social measures for the prevention of crimes against the environment, which include general processes of economic development, science, technology, which create the possibility and increase the effectiveness of special criminological measures and, in contrast, do not directly affect but indirectly the criminogenic environment, eliminating or neutralizing the common, most significant and common causes of behavior criminal in the field of ecology. The article analyzes Ukraine's experience in the field of preventing crimes against the environment. It also analyzes the measures taken in the country aimed at the prevention of environmental crimes. A documentary methodology close to content analysis was used. It is concluded that liability for environmental crimes is an important component of the legal provision of environmental management, the restoration of ecological objects and the protection of the environment. Legislation on criminal liability for violation of the right to use a natural object was developed within the framework of the general legal rules on liability for violation of environmental legislation.
The objective of the article is to propose a renewed protection system for children in the prevention of crimes against life and health. The research methodology is based on the combination of dialectical, formal, dogmatic, sociological, comparative law and documentary methods. The results of the study contributed to the development of measures to guarantee the safety of the child, which means a set of legal, economic, organizational measures, which are carried out by the public powers and the administration, with the aim of neutralizing and preventing usurpation of the life and health of children in Ukraine. Organizational and legal measures have been implemented to improve the interaction of the National Police with the services of children and special institutions for children by carrying out joint activities to prevent and identify possible invasions into the life and health of the child. It is concluded that in order to determine the characteristics of the subject, namely, crimes against the life and health of the child, it is necessary to improve the legislation in the interaction of the actors to prevent this type of crime.
This article, as a result of research, aims to provide key elements, which take into account the links between the free trade and the permanent violation of the human rights and even with crimes against humanity; situations that do not constitute themselves in isolated, circumstantial facts, which are the product of the apparent simultaneousness between crime in abstract, developed in areas where strategic projects for the global economy are projected and developed, but in a matter related, caused, sustained by both national and international economic, political groups that make a profit with these mega-projects. ; El presente artículo resultado de investigación, pretende aportar elementos clave, que den cuenta de los nexos entre libre comercio y la violación permanente de los derechos humanos e incluso con delitos de lesa humanidad; situaciones que no se constituyen en hechos aislados, circunstanciales y producto de la simultaneidad aparente entre delincuencia en abstracto, desarrollada en zonas donde se proyectan y desarrollan proyectos estratégicos para la economía global, sino en un asunto relacionado, provocado, sostenido por los grupos económicos, políticos tanto nacionales como internacionales que ganan con estos mega-proyectos.
This article, as a result of research, aims to provide key elements, which take into account the links between the free trade and the permanent violation of the human rights and even with crimes against humanity; situations that do not constitute themselves in isolated, circumstantial facts, which are the product of the apparent simultaneousness between crime in abstract, developed in areas where strategic projects for the global economy are projected and developed, but in a matter related, caused, sustained by both national and international economic, political groups that make a profit with these mega-projects. ; El presente artículo resultado de investigación, pretende aportar elementos clave, que den cuenta de los nexos entre libre comercio y la violación permanente de los derechos humanos e incluso con delitos de lesa humanidad; situaciones que no se constituyen en hechos aislados, circunstanciales y producto de la simultaneidad aparente entre delincuencia en abstracto, desarrollada en zonas donde se proyectan y desarrollan proyectos estratégicos para la economía global, sino en un asunto relacionado, provocado, sostenido por los grupos económicos, políticos tanto nacionales como internacionales que ganan con estos mega-proyectos.
This article, as a result of research, aims to provide key elements, which take into account the links between the free trade and the permanent violation of the human rights and even with crimes against humanity; situations that do not constitute themselves in isolated, circumstantial facts, which are the product of the apparent simultaneousness between crime in abstract, developed in areas where strategic projects for the global economy are projected and developed, but in a matter related, caused, sustained by both national and international economic, political groups that make a profit with these mega-projects. ; El presente artículo resultado de investigación, pretende aportar elementos clave, que den cuenta de los nexos entre libre comercio y la violación permanente de los derechos humanos e incluso con delitos de lesa humanidad; situaciones que no se constituyen en hechos aislados, circunstanciales y producto de la simultaneidad aparente entre delincuencia en abstracto, desarrollada en zonas donde se proyectan y desarrollan proyectos estratégicos para la economía global, sino en un asunto relacionado, provocado, sostenido por los grupos económicos, políticos tanto nacionales como internacionales que ganan con estos mega-proyectos.
Based on the review of legislation and other scientific sources, the results of the generalization of investigative and judicial practice, the legal and organizational principles of search in criminal proceedings in the investigation of crimes against public security are studied. The study used both general scientific methods to determine certain legal categories that characterize the search in the investigation of crimes against public safety, and special methods. It is based that the conditions of search in the criminal process in the investigation of crimes such as the creation of a criminal organization, assistance to members of criminal organizations and cover-up of their criminal activities, banditry, terrorist act, illegal handling of weapons, ammunition, or explosives, etc. are generalized and substantiated. It is concluded that the fulfillment of such conditions during registration is established by the Law, which determines the admissibility of the evidence obtained in the subsequent investigation. The faculties of the researcher and the employees of the operating units are highlighted, as well as the algorithm of their actions during the start and realization of the search. The procedural procedure for carrying out a search in the investigation of crimes against public security was considered.
This paper is an overview of the trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Croatia, from the beginning of the war (1991-1995) to the present, focusing primarily on trials against own troops. To this end, the paper first studies Croatia's cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the reception of the Court's judgments against Croatian nationals. Then, the study analyzes the trials before domestic courts for war crimes from 1990 to the present. Emblematic cases will be analyzed, paying attention to the judicial dynamics - the course of the trials, the obstacles, the judgments, and the elements taken into account in the establishment of the penalties and their epilogue. It is a summary of the critical moments for understanding what kind of justice is delivered before national courts in Croatia while referring to the domestic reception of an international court's judgments. Finally, we point to a systemic and structural problem that failed to resolve itself in the three decades since the beginning of the country's transition to democracy. ; El presente trabajo ofrece un panorama de los juzgamientos por crímenes de guerra y de lesa humanidad en Croacia, desde los comienzos de la guerra (1991-1995) hasta el presente, centrándose especialmente en los juicios contra propias tropas. A tal propósito, primero se estudia la cooperación de Croacia con el Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia (TPIY) y la recepción de las sentencias del Tribunal contra nacionales croatas, para luego analizar los juzgamientos ante tribunales domésticos por crímenes de guerra desde los años 1990 hasta el presente. Se analizarán causas emblemáticas, prestando atención a la dinámica judicial – cómo se llevó a cabo el juicio, los obstáculos interpuestos, las sentencias y los elementos tomados en cuenta en el establecimiento de las penas y su epílogo. Se trata de un repaso por los momentos claves para entender qué tipo de justicia se imparte ante tribunales nacionales en Croacia, a la vez que se hace referencia a la recepción doméstica de las sentencias de un tribunal internacional para apuntar a un problema sistémico y estructural que no logró resolverse en las tres décadas desde el comienzo de la transición a la democracia del país.
This article is a brief description and theorizing is built on terrorism that runs from the state and it is determined that due to their characteristics can typically adapt it as a crime against humanity. The imprecision of the term terrorism is analyzed and taken into account that the more conventional terrorism generates widespread media attention because it is directed against the state, and in which governments undertake actions against such terrorism is based on fear. It is established that such actions provided they are respectful of domestic and international law are convenient; however, if they violate human rights transcend national jurisdictions, therefore, exceed the national mechanisms for the use of criminal law and can be considered crimes against humanity. In this sense it is theorized about state terrorism by way of any form of combat and prohibited by international law methods, which can convert the measures and actions against terrorism and counterterrorism in the State. Used terrorism as a crime against humanity seeks in particular to defend the citizens of those harmful behaviors fundamental rights, human rights and overall serious crimes of international concern from the State. In this aspect in this paper, state terrorism is defined and conceived as a crime against humanity, so that acquires the characteristics of being pursued internationally and preventing prescription, all in order to avoid impunity. ; En este artículo se hace una breve caracterización y se construye una teorización respecto al terrorismo que se ejecuta desde el Estado y se determina que dadas sus características es posible adecuarlo típicamente como delito de lesa humanidad. Se analiza la imprecisión del vocablo terrorismo y se tiene en cuenta que el terrorismo más convencional genera un impacto mediático generalizado en razón a que se dirige contra el Estado, y en el que las acciones que los gobiernos emprenden contra esa clase de terrorismo se basa en el miedo. Se establece que este tipo de acciones siempre que sean respetuosas del derecho interno e internacional son convenientes; en cambio, si vulneran los derechos humanos, trascienden las jurisdicciones nacionales, por lo tanto, sobrepasan los mecanismos nacionales de utilización de la ley penal y pueden ser considerados delitos de lesa humanidad. En este sentido se teoriza acerca del terrorismo estatal por la vía del combate de cualquier forma y con métodos prohibidos por el derecho internacional, lo que puede convertir las medidas y acciones contra y antiterroristas en terrorismo de Estado. El terrorismo analizado como un crimen de lesa humanidad procura en especial, defender a la ciudadanía de aquellas conductas lesivas de derechos fundamentales, de los derechos humanos y, en general, delitos graves de trascendencia internacional provenientes desde el Estado. En este aspecto, en el presente trabajo el terrorismo estatal se define y se concibe como un delito de contra la humanidad, de tal modo que adquiera las características de ser perseguido internacionalmente y de impedir la prescripción, todo con el fin de evitar la impunidad.
The paper proposes to critically discuss the foundations and effects of several legislative proposalscurrently under discussion in our country to declare the offenses of sexual violence against minorsnot be subject to any statute of limitations, confronting those foundations with those of criminalstatute of limitations in general and of criminal action in particular. And also put forwardrecommendations in the event that such legislative proposals are successful. ; El trabajo propone discutir críticamente los fundamentos y efectos de varias propuestas legislativasactualmente en discusión en nuestro país que proponen declarar imprescriptibles los delitos deviolencia sexual contra menores de edad, enfrentando dichos fundamentos con los de la prescripciónpenal en general y de la acción penal en particular, planteando además recomendaciones en casode que dichas propuestas legislativas prosperen.
The objective of the study was to determine the forms of media involvement in justice for crimes against the civilian population. The research was conducted using the methods of systems approach, descriptive analysis, forecasting, systematic sampling and comparative method. The mass media as an institution of civil society have ample opportunities for active participation in justice, in particular, in the detection and documentation of crimes, social support to victims, coordination of efforts of governmental and non-governmental entities. The media is an active subject in justice for crimes against the civilian population. However, their functions are not of a legal nature; they are aimed at establishing the completeness and objectivity of the facts. It is concluded that the prospects for the development of media activities envisage the model, which focuses on the detection and documentation of crimes, in particular through the latest technologies; provision of social support and opportunities for victims to express their position while facilitating the coordination of efforts between governmental and non-governmental entities interested in justice for crimes against civilians.
Individual freedom is a right protected by international human rights conventions as well as the ColombianConstitution. The objective of this text is to analyse the subject of freedom in the light of the Colombianpenal code (Law 599 of 2000). It particularly focuses on the approach the legislator gave to the subject ofcoercion. ; La libertad individual es un derecho protegido por los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos como por nuestra constitución. El objetivo del trabajo es el de analizar el tema de la libertad a la luz de Código Penal colombiano, Ley 599 de 2000, en particular al enfoque que el legislador dio al tema del constreñimiento.
