Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Federal Crime Control Issues in the 111th Congress* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Crime Statistics2 -- Violent Crime Rate -- Property Crime Rate -- Violent Crime Control -- Hate Crimes6 -- Gangs14 -- Gun Control24 -- Combating Fraud and Theft -- Identity Theft31 -- Organized Retail Crime -- Drug Control -- Sentencing Reform50 -- Crack/Powder Cocaine Sentencing Disparities -- Early Release -- State and Local Justice Assistance -- Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)67 -- Juvenile Justice71 -- Witness Protection Program -- Criminal Justice System Review -- End Notes -- DC Gun Laws and Proposed Amendments* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Overview of Congressional and DC Legislation -- Analysis of DC Gun Laws under the Proposed Amendments -- Authority of DC to Promulgate Rules -- DC Semiautomatic Ban -- Registration Requirements, Ammunition Sales, -- and Interstate Purchases -- Registration -- Ammunition Sales and Registration -- Interstate Transfers of Firearms -- Trigger Lock Requirement -- Criminal Penalties for Possession of Unregistered Firearms -- Regulating Inoperable Pistols and Harmonizing -- Definitions for Certain Types of Firearms -- Prohibitions of Firearms from Private -- and Sensitive Public Property -- Regulating the Carrying and Transport of Firearms -- Carrying of Firearms -- Transportation of Firearms -- Toy and Antique Pistols -- Providing Jurisdiction to Office of Administrative Hearings -- Additional District Provisions that Would Be Affected by the Congressional Proposals -- Qualifications and Duties for Dealers of Firearms -- Transfer or Sale by Non-Dealers and by Licensed Dealers -- Assault Weapons/Handgun Roster -- Large Capacity Ammunition Feeding Devices -- Waiting Period -- Microstamping and Discharge of Firearms -- End Notes

CLIFFSQUICKREVIEW Criminal Justice -- About the Author -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- The Structure of Criminal Justice -- The Process of Criminal Justice -- The Politics of Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should the Crime Control Model or the Due Process Model Prevail? -- CHAPTER 2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN THE U. S. -- Citizen Participation -- Rights Consciousness and Civil Liberties -- Racial Disparities in American Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Is the Criminal Justice System Racist? -- CHAPTER 3 CRIME -- Definitions of Crime -- Types of Crime -- Part I Offenses -- Drugs and Crime -- Guns and Crime -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Gun Control Reduce Crime? -- CHAPTER 4 CRIMINAL LAW -- Sources of Criminal Law -- The Nature of Criminal Law -- Functions of Criminal Law -- Legal Elements of a Crime -- Legal Defenses and Justifications for Crimes -- The Limits of Criminal Law -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Drugs Be Legalized? -- CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN POLICE -- Policing Colonial America -- Developing the New Police -- Frontier Justice -- Progressive Police Reform -- Crime Control Decades (1919-1959) -- Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s -- Crime Control Revisited (1970s-1990s) -- Law Enforcement Goes High-Tech -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Police Take DNA Samples from All Arrestees? -- CHAPTER 6 POLICE FUNCTION -- The Nature of Police Work -- Police Systems -- Police Organization -- Police Strategies -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Community Policing Prevent Crime? -- CHAPTER 7 POLICE POWERS AND CITIZENS' RIGHTS -- Criminal Procedure and the Constitution -- The Right to Privacy -- The Exclusionary Rule -- The Fifth Amendment's Right Against Self-Incrimination

A Dictionary of Criminal Justice is the only dictionary that deals with criminal justice from a UK perspective, and in doing so provides a comprehensive guide to all aspects of the British criminal justice system, including its historical context and contemporary operations.The first three sections of the book explore in turn key definitions, key pieces of legislation and key documents that have helped to shape the operations of the criminal justice system, whilst the fourth details websites of particular relevance to this field. As such, this dictionary provides an extensiv

"Cover" -- "Half Title" -- "Title Page" -- "Copyright Page" -- "Preface" -- "Acknowledgments" -- "Contents" -- "About The Author" -- "Chapter 1 Criminal Justice Perspectives" -- "Social Control" -- "Types of Social Control" -- "Criminal Justice as Social Control" -- "Perspectives on Criminal Justice" -- "Criminal Justice Theory" -- "Disciplinary Analyses" -- "Comparison Analyses" -- "Process Analyses" -- "Thematic Analyses" -- "Systems Analyses" -- "Choosing an Approach" -- "Systems Theory and the Systems Approach" -- "The System of Criminal Justice" -- "Types of Systems" -- "The Nonsystem of Criminal Justice" -- "The Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "The Material Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "Raw Materials" -- "Means of Production" -- "The Ideological Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "Value Conflicts" -- "Federalism and Uniformity" -- "Vengeance and Assistance" -- "Individual Actors" -- "Examining Criminal Justice" -- "A Parting Comment on Criminal Justice Theory" -- "Preview of Forthcoming Chapters" -- "Review Questions" -- "References" -- "Chapter 2 The Justice Process" -- "The Decision Points of the Criminal Justice System" -- "Detection" -- "Investigation" -- "Arrest" -- "Initial Appearance" -- "Charging" -- "Arraignment" -- "Trial" -- "Sentencing" -- "Revocation" -- "Discharge" -- "The Total Criminal Justice System" -- "Drunk Driving" -- "Homeland Security" -- "The War on Drugs" -- "Domestic Violence Arrest Policies" -- "The Components of Criminal Justice" -- "Law Enforcement" -- "Federal Law Enforcement" -- "State Law Enforcement" -- "Municipal Law Enforcement" -- "Private and Other Public Law Enforcement" -- "Courts" -- "Federal Courts" -- "State Courts" -- "Local Courts" -- "Other Courts" -- "Prosecution" -- "Defense" -- "Witnesses and Jurors" -- "Corrections" -- "Incarceration" -- "Nonincarceration

There are many controversial aspects of our criminal justice system, and this encyclopedia examines the most significant controversies throughout American history with emphasis on current debates, trends, and issues. Arranged alphabetically, approximately 100 entries cover background, explanations, notable cases and events, various sides of an issue, and what to expect in the future. Entries are objective and factual, allowing readers to formulate their own conclusions. Sidebars and case examples help to illustrate each entry, and sources for further reading point readers to other important ma

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- 1 Comparative criminal justice: better knowledge, better justice? -- The utility of the comparative project -- The nature of this book -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 2 Conducting comparative research in a globalised world: the aims of comparison -- Research orientations -- Doing comparative research -- Case studies -- Focused comparisons -- Statistical analysis -- Using criminal justice statistics comparatively -- Comparative criminal justice and globalisation -- Methodological hazards -- Conclusion: a cosmopolitan turn? -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 3 Comparing crime: finding patterns, uncovering meaning -- Comparing official statistics -- The global crime drop -- Specialised international statistics -- Establishing rates of crime via other means -- Establishing the meaning of crime in a comparative context -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 4 Social workers, psychiatrists, torturers, murderers: comparative policing -- Police brutality -- Police and policing -- Police numbers and policing tasks -- Policing styles and crime control -- Community policing -- Zero tolerance policing -- Pro-active or targeted policing -- Policy transfer and policy diffusion -- Policing corruption -- The rise of private policing -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 5 Global cops?: Transnational and global policing -- Transnational policing -- 'High' and 'low' policing -- International policing institutions -- International policing from a US perspective -- Globalisation and international policing -- The nature and the policing of borders -- The nodal governance of international policing -- Security Sector Reform -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 6 Criminal justice actors in prosecution and pre-trial justice

This collection will provide an engaging and critical account of the current state of criminal justice and the origins and implications of contemporary practice, celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Oxford Centre for Criminology and featuring contributions from leading internationally-renowned criminologists

Intended for federal, state, and local policymakers in the area of criminal justice research and development, this report includes guidelines for improvement of the quality, relevance, and utilization of research results. In order to cover these issues, part two of this report focuses respectively on the needs of research and development policymakers who fund criminal justice research and development, researchers who conduct research and development, and practitioners who put research and development results into use. Guidelines and principles are proposed which should assist policymakers at all levels of government. However, some topics tend to be addressed more to the federal level, where major research and development decisions are often made. The first chapter of this part presents a detailed discussion of institutional support for criminal justice research and development. It describes the federal role in supporting this effort, focusing on who the agencies are, the extent of their involvement, and how the principal agencies are organized to manage their research and development programs. Recommendations regarding the research and development management activities of criminal justice funding agencies are included. Several important issues in the conduct of criminal justice research and development are examined in the second chapter. Among the topics discussed are constraints on research, ethical issues, research designs and methodologies, prerequisites for sound planning and project selection, ways of maintaining the confidentiality of data, and ways of making data more easily available for research and statistical purposes. The final chapter of this section discusses research and development utilization practices and the assumptions underlying current policies in this area. A criticism of these policies and recommendations for new strategies is presented. The final part of this report provides an analysis of the kinds of problems often encountered in research and development. Three general types of criminal justice research and development are discussed: technology (e.g., hardware) research, research on problems of criminal justice organizations (e.g., arrest, prosecution, sentencing, and parole), and research on new criminal justice problems. For each type of research and development, the relevant issues and recommendations are discussed. Most of these, however, still related to either the support or conduct of research and development. The report also attempts to provide concrete illustrative examples by raising the relevant issues in the context of crime prevention at commercial and residential sites (technology research), sentencing (research on problems of criminal justice organizations), and problems of the victim (research on new criminal justice problems)

'This Course Companion in Criminal Justice by Ursula Smartt is to be applauded. It is an essential handbook for all students and practitioners who are studying the criminal justice system. The user-friendly framework provides students with practical support in how they can organise their approach to studying to maximise their knowledge and revision skills. I have no hesitation in commending this Companion as a valuable complementary text' - Professor Allyson MacVean, John Grieve Centre for Policing & Community Safety, Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College. Designed as an accessible refe

1. Crime : the historical context -- 2. Biological explanations for criminal behaviour -- 3. Psychological explanations for criminal behaviour -- 4. Sociological explanations for criminal behaviour -- 5. Explaining the criminal behaviour of women -- 6. Explaining the criminal behaviour of ethnic minorities -- 7. Why punish? : philosophies of punishment -- 8. Theories of punishment -- 9. The history of crime and justice -- 10. Victimology -- 11. Police and policing -- 12. The courts, sentencing and the judiciary -- 13. The criminal justice system : prisons and imprisonment.

"This book offers a comprehensive and engaging introduction to the criminal justice system of England and Wales. Starting with an overview of the main theories of the causes of crime, this book explores and discusses the operation of the main criminal justice agencies including the police, probation and prison services and the legal and youth justice systems. The fourth edition has been revised, updated, expanded, and features a new expert co-author. This book offers a lively and critical discussion of some of the main themes in criminal justice, from policy-making and crime control, to diversity and discrimination, to the global dimensions of criminal justice, including organized crime and the role performed by transnational policing organisations to combat it. Key updates to this new edition include: increased discussion of the measurement, prevention and detection of crime; a revised chapter on the police which discusses the principle of policing by consent, police methods, power and governance, as well as the abuse of power; further discussion of pressing contemporary issues in criminal justice, such as privatization, multi-agency working, community-based criminal justice policy and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the delivery of criminal justice policy; a revised chapter that deals in detail with new and emerging forms of criminality and the response of the UK and global criminal justice system to these developments. This accessible text is essential reading for students taking introductory courses in criminology and criminal justice. A wide range of useful features includes review questions, lists of further reading, timelines of key events and a glossary of key terms"--

Introduction: compliance and legitimacy in criminal justice / Adam Crawford and Anthea Hucklesby -- Legitimacy and compliance : the virtues of self-regulation / Tom Tyler -- Compliance with the law and policing by consent : notes on police and legal legitimacy / Jonathan Jackson, Ben Bradford, Mike Hough, and Katherine Murray -- Legitimacy of penal policies : punishment between normative and empirical legitimacy / Sonja Snacken -- Questioning the legitimacy of compliance : a case study of the banking crisis / Doreen McBarnet -- Resistant and dismissive defiance toward tax authorities / Valerie Braithwaite -- Liquid legitimacy and community sanctions / Fergus McNeill and Gwen Robinson -- Compliance with electronically monitored curfew orders : some empirical findings / Anthea Hucklesby -- Implant technology and the electronic monitoring of offenders : old and new questions about compliance, control and legitimacy / Mike Nellis -- "Sticks and carrots" and sermons : some thoughts on compliance and legitimacy in the regulation of youth anti-social behaviour / Adam Crawford.