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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Federal Crime Control Issues in the 111th Congress* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Crime Statistics2 -- Violent Crime Rate -- Property Crime Rate -- Violent Crime Control -- Hate Crimes6 -- Gangs14 -- Gun Control24 -- Combating Fraud and Theft -- Identity Theft31 -- Organized Retail Crime -- Drug Control -- Sentencing Reform50 -- Crack/Powder Cocaine Sentencing Disparities -- Early Release -- State and Local Justice Assistance -- Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)67 -- Juvenile Justice71 -- Witness Protection Program -- Criminal Justice System Review -- End Notes -- DC Gun Laws and Proposed Amendments* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Overview of Congressional and DC Legislation -- Analysis of DC Gun Laws under the Proposed Amendments -- Authority of DC to Promulgate Rules -- DC Semiautomatic Ban -- Registration Requirements, Ammunition Sales, -- and Interstate Purchases -- Registration -- Ammunition Sales and Registration -- Interstate Transfers of Firearms -- Trigger Lock Requirement -- Criminal Penalties for Possession of Unregistered Firearms -- Regulating Inoperable Pistols and Harmonizing -- Definitions for Certain Types of Firearms -- Prohibitions of Firearms from Private -- and Sensitive Public Property -- Regulating the Carrying and Transport of Firearms -- Carrying of Firearms -- Transportation of Firearms -- Toy and Antique Pistols -- Providing Jurisdiction to Office of Administrative Hearings -- Additional District Provisions that Would Be Affected by the Congressional Proposals -- Qualifications and Duties for Dealers of Firearms -- Transfer or Sale by Non-Dealers and by Licensed Dealers -- Assault Weapons/Handgun Roster -- Large Capacity Ammunition Feeding Devices -- Waiting Period -- Microstamping and Discharge of Firearms -- End Notes

CLIFFSQUICKREVIEW Criminal Justice -- About the Author -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- The Structure of Criminal Justice -- The Process of Criminal Justice -- The Politics of Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should the Crime Control Model or the Due Process Model Prevail? -- CHAPTER 2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN THE U. S. -- Citizen Participation -- Rights Consciousness and Civil Liberties -- Racial Disparities in American Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Is the Criminal Justice System Racist? -- CHAPTER 3 CRIME -- Definitions of Crime -- Types of Crime -- Part I Offenses -- Drugs and Crime -- Guns and Crime -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Gun Control Reduce Crime? -- CHAPTER 4 CRIMINAL LAW -- Sources of Criminal Law -- The Nature of Criminal Law -- Functions of Criminal Law -- Legal Elements of a Crime -- Legal Defenses and Justifications for Crimes -- The Limits of Criminal Law -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Drugs Be Legalized? -- CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN POLICE -- Policing Colonial America -- Developing the New Police -- Frontier Justice -- Progressive Police Reform -- Crime Control Decades (1919-1959) -- Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s -- Crime Control Revisited (1970s-1990s) -- Law Enforcement Goes High-Tech -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Police Take DNA Samples from All Arrestees? -- CHAPTER 6 POLICE FUNCTION -- The Nature of Police Work -- Police Systems -- Police Organization -- Police Strategies -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Community Policing Prevent Crime? -- CHAPTER 7 POLICE POWERS AND CITIZENS' RIGHTS -- Criminal Procedure and the Constitution -- The Right to Privacy -- The Exclusionary Rule -- The Fifth Amendment's Right Against Self-Incrimination

A Dictionary of Criminal Justice is the only dictionary that deals with criminal justice from a UK perspective, and in doing so provides a comprehensive guide to all aspects of the British criminal justice system, including its historical context and contemporary operations.The first three sections of the book explore in turn key definitions, key pieces of legislation and key documents that have helped to shape the operations of the criminal justice system, whilst the fourth details websites of particular relevance to this field. As such, this dictionary provides an extensiv

"Cover" -- "Half Title" -- "Title Page" -- "Copyright Page" -- "Preface" -- "Acknowledgments" -- "Contents" -- "About The Author" -- "Chapter 1 Criminal Justice Perspectives" -- "Social Control" -- "Types of Social Control" -- "Criminal Justice as Social Control" -- "Perspectives on Criminal Justice" -- "Criminal Justice Theory" -- "Disciplinary Analyses" -- "Comparison Analyses" -- "Process Analyses" -- "Thematic Analyses" -- "Systems Analyses" -- "Choosing an Approach" -- "Systems Theory and the Systems Approach" -- "The System of Criminal Justice" -- "Types of Systems" -- "The Nonsystem of Criminal Justice" -- "The Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "The Material Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "Raw Materials" -- "Means of Production" -- "The Ideological Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "Value Conflicts" -- "Federalism and Uniformity" -- "Vengeance and Assistance" -- "Individual Actors" -- "Examining Criminal Justice" -- "A Parting Comment on Criminal Justice Theory" -- "Preview of Forthcoming Chapters" -- "Review Questions" -- "References" -- "Chapter 2 The Justice Process" -- "The Decision Points of the Criminal Justice System" -- "Detection" -- "Investigation" -- "Arrest" -- "Initial Appearance" -- "Charging" -- "Arraignment" -- "Trial" -- "Sentencing" -- "Revocation" -- "Discharge" -- "The Total Criminal Justice System" -- "Drunk Driving" -- "Homeland Security" -- "The War on Drugs" -- "Domestic Violence Arrest Policies" -- "The Components of Criminal Justice" -- "Law Enforcement" -- "Federal Law Enforcement" -- "State Law Enforcement" -- "Municipal Law Enforcement" -- "Private and Other Public Law Enforcement" -- "Courts" -- "Federal Courts" -- "State Courts" -- "Local Courts" -- "Other Courts" -- "Prosecution" -- "Defense" -- "Witnesses and Jurors" -- "Corrections" -- "Incarceration" -- "Nonincarceration

There are many controversial aspects of our criminal justice system, and this encyclopedia examines the most significant controversies throughout American history with emphasis on current debates, trends, and issues. Arranged alphabetically, approximately 100 entries cover background, explanations, notable cases and events, various sides of an issue, and what to expect in the future. Entries are objective and factual, allowing readers to formulate their own conclusions. Sidebars and case examples help to illustrate each entry, and sources for further reading point readers to other important ma

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- 1 Comparative criminal justice: better knowledge, better justice? -- The utility of the comparative project -- The nature of this book -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 2 Conducting comparative research in a globalised world: the aims of comparison -- Research orientations -- Doing comparative research -- Case studies -- Focused comparisons -- Statistical analysis -- Using criminal justice statistics comparatively -- Comparative criminal justice and globalisation -- Methodological hazards -- Conclusion: a cosmopolitan turn? -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 3 Comparing crime: finding patterns, uncovering meaning -- Comparing official statistics -- The global crime drop -- Specialised international statistics -- Establishing rates of crime via other means -- Establishing the meaning of crime in a comparative context -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 4 Social workers, psychiatrists, torturers, murderers: comparative policing -- Police brutality -- Police and policing -- Police numbers and policing tasks -- Policing styles and crime control -- Community policing -- Zero tolerance policing -- Pro-active or targeted policing -- Policy transfer and policy diffusion -- Policing corruption -- The rise of private policing -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 5 Global cops?: Transnational and global policing -- Transnational policing -- 'High' and 'low' policing -- International policing institutions -- International policing from a US perspective -- Globalisation and international policing -- The nature and the policing of borders -- The nodal governance of international policing -- Security Sector Reform -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Study questions -- 6 Criminal justice actors in prosecution and pre-trial justice