Suchergebnisse

Međunarodni kazneni sud novo je međunarodno tijelo kojem je glavni cilj istraga i suđenje slučajeva genocida, ratnih zločina, te zločina protiv čovječnosti u zemljama članicama. Iako su Sjedinjene Američke Države u 2000. potpisale Rimski statut, međunarodnu povelju iz 1998. koja predstavlja osnovicu Međunarodnog kaznenog suda, Busheva vlada napravila je velik zaokret godinu dana kasnije, potpuno se ograđujući od svake ideje o suđenju Amerikancima izvan zemlje. Tekst analizira glavne argumente američke vanjske politike povezane s Međunarodnim kaznenim sudom, od navodne pristranosti Suda, te odnosa između Suda i Ujedinjenih naroda, pa sve do pitanja američkog suvereniteta. Također, ponuđena je i međunarodnopravna politička kritika nedavnih poteza američke vlade, koji štete i američkim nacionalnim interesima, i međunarodnoj sigurnosti. ; The International Criminal Court is a new international body constituted with the aim of prosecuting and trying cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Although in 2000 the United States signed the 1998 Rome Statute, which is the foundation of the International Criminal Court, the Bush Administration took a radically different position the following year, protecting itself from any idea of trying American citizens abroad. This text analyses the main U.S. foreign policy arguments pertaining to the ICC, from the alleged impartiality of the Court and the relationship between the Court and the United Nations, to the question of American sovereignty. In addition, the text offers an international legal and political critique of the recent U.S. policy actions, which harmed both American national interests, as well as international security.

U siječnju 2020. uredi državne uprave kao prvostupanjska tijela državne uprave ukinuti su, a njihovi poslovi povjereni su na obavljanje županijama u njihov preneseni djelokrug. Na temelju polustrukturiranih intervjua s pročelnicima županijskih upravnih tijela za poslove opće uprave ocjenjuju se prvi dosadašnji rezultati ove organizacijske promjene. Preliminarni rezultati na koje upućuju intervjui pokazuju da je ukidanje ureda državne uprave u ispitanim županijama dovelo do boljih materijalnih prava službenika, boljih materijalnih uvjeta rada, nepromijenjenog ili nešto boljeg položaja građana, ali i slabijeg nadzora središnje države nad povjerenim poslovima i jedinicama lokalne samouprave. Neka pitanja su otvorena: utječe li smanjenje broja službenika na kvalitetu rada i hoće li broj službenika opet rasti; kakav je položaj župana i hoće li doći do jačanja politizacije te kakva je buduća uloga županija. ; In January 2020, the county state administration offices, as former first-instance state administration bodies, ceased to operate. By legislative amendments of October 2019, most of their tasks were transferred to the counties' delegated scope of affairs. The paper presents the peculiarities of the legal regime of delegated scope of affairs and it introduces the organizational forms that the counties are using in order to perform the delegated tasks. The first results of the abolition of county administrative offices are evaluated on the basis of semi-structured interviews conducted with the heads of county administration bodies responsible for general administration affairs. The results obtained so far are classified into three categories. The first category consists of the positive results of this organizational change: better material rights of employees, better working conditions and unchanged or slightly improved position of citizens. The second category consists of the negative results: weaker control exercised by the central government and the loss of control over general acts of units of local self-government. The third category consists of open questions: whether there will be a new increase in the number of employees, or whether their current reduction will affect the quality of work; what is the position of the county governor and whether politicization will increase; what is the future role of counties and whether there can be inequality in the performance of delegated state tasks between counties. The paper represents the basis for further evaluation studies on the abolition of county state administration offices and opens the doors for further research.

Opšte poznato je da sigurnosni sistem i drugi sistemi određeni su i zavisni od političkog sistema i Ustavnog poretka, takođe i kvalitet sigurnosnog sistema u jednoj državi zavisi i od mnogih drugih faktora , ali značajnih u određenim vremenskim periodima. Edukacija, profiliranje u edukacionom smislu je faktor od značaja u današnjem vremenu, pogotovo kada imamo u vidu transnacionalne sigurnosne izazove i razne druge izvore ugrožavanja. Sigurnosni sistem Kosova je, vremenski rečeno, kasnije konsolidiran u uporedbi sa drugim sistemima, poznavajući delikatnost oblasti sigurnosti u mladoj državi, ali zahvaljujući i edukaciji i školovanjem mladih kadrova kroz nekoliko programa studija,ovaj sistem je kvalitetno kosolidiran u profesionalnom smislu, i kvalitet usluga ovog sistema je bio na očekivajućem nivou. To znači da sigurnosnostanje na Kosovu je bilo, a i sada je na zadovoljavajućem nivou, ili drugačije rečeno, u prosjeku stanje je sigurnosno gledajući stabiljnije nego u drugim državama u regiji. Profil kriminalista i kriminologa na Kosovu do 2009.godine bio manje poznat u javnosti dok u raznim konkursima nije nigdje bio evidentiran kao profil ili smjer, dok poslije završetka i diplomiranja kadrova iz prve generacije programa Kriminalistike i Kriminologije i zaposlenja određenog broja istih, javnost i institucije su sa skepsom prihvatili, ali brzo i shvatili značaj i doprinos ovog profila u sigurnosnom sistemu Kosova. Danas svjedočimo implementaciji tih mladih kvalificiranih školovanih kadrova koji stvaraju radne odnose i ugovore u zaposlenju u podsistemima sigurnosnog sistema Kosova. Prezentacija geneze, tog sada već dugoročnog, uspjeha cilj je ovog autorskog uradka. --- It is generally known that the security system and other systems are defined by and dependent on the political system and constitutional order;also the quality of the security system in one country depends on many other factors, relative to given time periods. Education, profiling in an educational sense, is the factor of importance today, especially when we take into account the transnational security challenges and a variety of other sources of threats. Security system in Kosovo is recently consolidated in comparison with other systems, given the delicacy of the area of security in the young country, but thanks to the training and education of young staff through a number of programs of study, one can say that this system is well consolidated in the professional sense, and in the quality of its services. This means that security in Kosovo was, and still is at a satisfactory level, or in other words, the average balance of the security appears more stable than in other countries in the region. Profile of a criminalist and criminologists in Kosovo was less known to the public until 2009 when the first cohort graduated in Criminal Justice and Criminology. They were consequently employed even thouhg not without a doze of initial scepticism; however, employers quickly realized the importance and contribution of the profiles in the security system in Kosovo. Today we are witnessing performance of these young qualified educated professionals employed in the subsystems of the security system in Kosovo. The main purpose of this article is to present the this already long-termsuccess of this new profile of professionals in the Kosovo security system.

Otvorenost javne uprave, koja uključuje njenu vidljivost i dostupnost građanima, ali i mogućnost sudjelovanja građana u donošenju odluka, formuliranju politika i propisa, jedno je od temeljnih načela europskoga upravnog prostora. Europska unija prepoznaje otvorenost kao jedno od temeljnih načela funkcioniranja institucija na europskoj razini te potiče zemlje članice i kandidatkinje na usvajanje i ostvarivanje otvorenosti u upravnoj praksi, uglavnom putem mehanizama mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj su procesi europeizacije započeli početkom 2000-ih, a u sklopu brojnih prilagodbi javne uprave, došlo je do napretka u ostvarivanju transparentnosti i otvorenosti javne uprave, posebno u završnim fazama procesa pristupanja u članstvo Europske unije. Pitanje otvorenosti javne uprave prepoznato je kao važan preventivni mehanizam unutar antikorupcijske politike, zbog čega je postalo dijelom europske politike kondicionalnosti. Premda su mehanizmi za ostvarivanje otvorenosti brojni, jedan od najčešćih su javne konzultacije ili savjetovanje sa zainteresiranom javnošću. Provođenje javnih konzultacija predmet je regulacije na europskoj razini. Praksa Europskog suda, preporuke Europske komisije i naglašavanje suradnje i razmjene dobre prakse, bez nametanja konkretnih obvezujućih pravila, upućuje na područje tzv. horizontalne europeizacije i dominaciju mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj je provođenje savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću regulirano prvenstveno Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama (NN 85/15) te drugim zakonima i propisima. U normativnom pogledu, napredak je ostvaren 2009. donošenjem Kodeksa savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću u postupcima donošenja zakona, drugih propisa i akata. U pogledu implementacije, međutim, napretka nije bilo sve do izmjena Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama 2013. i ustanovljavanja institucionalnog mehanizma za provođenje zakonskih odredbi. Usprkos tome, provedbu savjetovanja obilježavaju brojne manjkavosti, posebice na lokalnoj i regionalnoj razini, te u slučaju širokog spektra zakonom definiranih tijela javne vlasti. ; Public administration openness is one of the basic principles of the European administrative space, including public administration visibility and accessibility to citizens, as well as possibility of citizens' involvement in decision making, formulation of policies and regulations. The European Union recognizes openness as a fundamental principle for the functioning of institutions at the European level, but also encourages member and candidate states to adopt and achieve openness in the practice of national administrative organizations, mainly through soft law mechanisms. Since the 2000's, the process of Europeanization has led to numerous adjustments of the Croatian public administration, including the implementation of the principle of transparency and openness, especially during the final stages of the accession process. The issue of public administration openness has been recognized as an important preventive mechanism within the anticorruption policy and has consequently become a part of the European policy of conditionality. Although the instruments for achieving openness are numerous, one of the most common are public consultations or consultations with interested public. Public consultations are regulated at the European level. The practice of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Commission recommendations and promotion of cooperation and good practice exchange, without concrete binding rules, indicate that it is an area dominated by the so-called horizontal Europeanization and soft law. In Croatia, public consultations are primarily regulated by the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, but also by other laws and bylaws. Normative progress has been achieved in 2009 by issuing The Code of practice on consultation with the interested public in procedures of adopting laws, other regulations and acts. With respect to implementation, improvement has not been achieved before 2013 with amendments to the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, which introduced adequate institutional mechanism for the implementation process. However, the implementation of public consultations is still defective, particularly at the local and regional level, and in the case of the broad legal category of public authorities.

Normalno stanje javne uprave nije stabilnost, nego promjena. Zato reforma javne uprave ne označuje nekakvo izvanredno stanje, nego njezine uobičajene »životne« uvjete. Reforma je temeljno načelo javne uprave. Samo kroz promjene institucija javna se uprava može prilagoditi zahtjevima i uvjetima društvene okoline. Opći cilj upravne reforme je promjena javne uprave u sustav koji sam od sebe reagira na promjene zadataka koji mu se postavljaju i automatski prilagođuje okvir donošenja odluka. Reforma javne uprave mora biti usklađena s političkom racionalnošću i efikasnošću. Važnost i izraženost političkih ciljeva može se razlikovati, a ovisi o pitanjima koja su politički relevantna. Ponekad je to viša razina demokracije i sudjelovanja građana, ponekad poboljšanje javnih usluga, ponekad ograničenje državnih odgovornosti putem deregulacije i privatizacije. Ti su ciljevi suprotstavljeni jedni drugima, jednako kao i reforme javne uprave koje ih pokušavaju doseći. Zbog tih se suprotstavljenosti ne može lako odgovoriti na pitanje jesu li upravne reforme dobre ili loše. One su ujedno i razlog zašto upravne reforme obično ne dobivaju opću podršku čim se ne svode na mjere pukog tehničkog poboljšavanja javne uprave. Nema sumnje da su noviji pokušaji reformi javne uprave u Austriji pozitivni. Austrija poduzima mjere usklađene s trendovima u drugim zemljama usmjerenima prema ograničavanju državnih odgovornosti i poboljšanju efikasnosti javne uprave. Osobito je okvirna primjena akcijskog programa utemeljenog na novom javnom menadžmentu pokazatelj volje i sposobnosti javnih aktera da moderniziraju javnu upravu. U tom se kontekstu može zapaziti da se pojedinci zahvaćeni reformskim mjerama ne opiru znatnije njihovu ostvarenju. Jasno je da se ne mogu ostvariti svi reformski koncepti. Akteri su često prisiljeni na kompromise i djelomično prihvaćanje suprotnih gledišta. Uzevši u obzir sve te aspekte, razumljivo je da novije upravne reforme ne mogu biti zasnovane na jednom općem konceptu obilježenom logičnom usklađenošću svih mjera, nego su projekti koji se sastoje od više dijelova s različitom mjerom ostvarenja. Zato se sadašnje reforme u Austriji ne mogu smatrati uspjehom, nego više od toga – obećanjem za budućnost. ; Reform is the constituting principle of public administration. It is only by this institutional mobility that public administration is able to meet the changing requirements of society. The reform of public administration must comply with political rationality and efficiency. The importance and significance of these goals may differ and depend on the relevant political issues. Sometimes it may be a higher level of democracy and participation, sometimes the improvement of social performances, sometimes reduction of state responsibility by means of deregulation and privatisation. These goals contradict each other as do public reforms themselves. The international trend to reduce state responsibilities and to make public administration more efficient has been met by measures that have also been taken in Austria. In particular, the (tentative) implementation of the action programme provided by the New Public Management is a signal for the will and ability of all public actors to modernize public administration. It is evident that the reform concepts could not be realized one to one. The actors were often forced to compromise and to meet the opponents halfway. It is also understandable that the recent public reform cannot be seen as a general concept characterized by logical consistency but as a project consisting of several parts with different levels of realization. Therefore, the ongoing reforms in Austria do not only have to be seen as a success but more than this as a promise for the future.

The paper contains an analysis of land administration systems in transition countries on the example of South Eastern European countries. An analysis of regulation on registration of real estate registration and rights was done in addition to the comparison of institutions and jurisdictions. Also an analysis of registers of real estates and real estate rights has been done and their main features listed. The paper provides insight into some of the technological achievements in the field of improvement and modernization of land administration systems. ; U radu je provedena analiza sustava upravljanja zemljištem u tranzicijskim zemljama na primjeru zemalja jugoistočne Europe. Analizirani su propisi o upisu nekretnina i prava na njima te je obavljena usporedba institucija i nadležnosti. Analizirani su upisnici nekretnina i prava na njima te navedene njihove glavne značajke. Također je dan uvid u neka od tehnoloških dostignuća na području unaprjeđenja i modernizacije sustava upravljanja zemljištem.

Faza europeizacije hrvatske javne uprave započela je 2001. godine. Obuhvaća značajne promjene u središnjoj državnoj upravi, javnim službama (službama od općeg interesa), lokalnoj i regionalnoj samoupravi, službeničkom sustavu, upravnom obrazovanju, općem upravnom pravu te u sustavu pravne zaštite građana. U svim tim područjima razvijaju se značajni europski standardi, koji služe kao oslonac harmonizacije javnih uprava europskih zemalja. Europske standarde razvijaju Europska unija, Vijeće Europe, ali i same europske zemlje međusobnom razmjenom i učenjem. Reformama hrvatske uprave želi se ojačati upravne kapacitete, ostvarenje standarda dobrog europskog upravljanja i efektivni ulazak u zajednički europski upravni prostor. Europska je unija nametnula politiku i mehanizme kondicionalnosti te osigurala značajna financijska sredstva, projekte i stručnu potporu upravnim reformama u Hrvatskoj. Prilagodbe su u tijeku, a usprkos općenito dobrim rezultatima, ostaje značajni prostor za punu europeizaciju, u smislu postizanja odgovarajućih učinaka hrvatske javne uprave. ; Europeanization of the Croatian public administration formally started in 2001. This phase has encompassed important changes of the central state administration, services of general interest, local and regional self-government, civil service, administrative education and in-service training, general administrative law and system of legal protection of citizens. Reforms have been oriented towards strengthening administrative capacities, acquiring standards of good European governance, and effective entrance into common European Administrative Space. During that phase, till the Croatian accession, the European Union imposed conditionality policy and mechanisms, and ensured huge financial and expert support to the reforms. Reforms at the central level consisted of agencification, professionalisation and depoliticisation of the civil service, Europeanization of a significant part of sectoral public policies and strengthening openness and ethical standards. The purposes of reforms at the local and regional levels have been strengthening democratic legitimacy, reorientation towards economic development, and realisation of prerequisites for more efficient regional policy in line with European regional and structural policy. A new concept of services of general interest along with liberalisation, privatisation and commercialisation policy has been realised. Independent regulation of services of general economic interest and fostering better quality of non-economic services of general interest have been developed. Legal protection of citizens has been strengthened by introducing two-tier administrative justice and realisation of standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of the Council of Europe, parallel with some administrative simplification. The right to good administration, established by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, has attracted increased attention. Certain steps towards quality modern education for key administrative personnel have been made.

Konstruiraju se i analiziraju modeli organizacije obavljanja dekoncentriranih poslova državne uprave na državnom teritoriju: model prenesenog djelokruga, funkcionalno fragmentirani model, personalno integrirani model i model organizacijske integracije.1 Kako bi se ispitala analitička vrijednost tih modela, teorijska analiza svakog od modela popraćena je prikazom organizacije obavljanja poslova državne uprave u postsocijalističkim zemljama koje su postale članice Europske unije proširenjima iz 2004. i 2007. čiji je teritorijalni sustav upravljanja dugo vremena karakterizirala intenzivna prisutnost (dekoncentrirane) državne uprave na teritoriju. Kako je uvjet pristupanja EU-u bilo jačanje lokalnih kapaciteta, očekuje se da će trendovi u institucionalnom razvoju organizacije obavljanja poslova državne uprave na teritoriju u tim zemljama uputiti na narav korelacije između jačanja lokalne samouprave i primijenjenog modela teritorijalne državne uprave. Zaključci se interpretiraju i u svjetlu razvoja teritorijalne državne uprave u Republici Hrvatskoj. ; The author develops models of how state administration tasks are performed within a particular state: the delegated affairs model, the functionally fragmented model, the personally integrated model, and the organisational integration model. In order to examine their analytical validity, a theoretical description of the models is accompanied by an overview of the territorial state administration in post-socialist countries that became EU members in 2004 and 2007, and which had previously been characterised by a dense network of territorial state administration. The models are differentiated by the level of integration of state bodies within the territorial unit. In the delegated affairs model, there are no state administrative bodies in the territory and administration tasks are carried out by local self-government units. This model is adopted in the Czech Republic. In the functionally fragmented model, state administration tasks are carried out by the territorial administrative units of central state bodies that operate separately in the territory. This model is adopted in Latvia and Lithuania. In the personally integrated model, the central state has its own representative in the territory (e.g. prefect, governor, voivode, or king's commissioner), who has certain powers in relation to the territorial administrative units, and thus the territorial units are more or less integrated in performing state administration tasks within the same territorial unit. This model is adopted in the majority of post-socialist countries (Bulgaria, Estonia, Poland, and Romania). In the organisational integration model, all state administration tasks are performed by a single territorial state body. This model is adopted in Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Since these countries had to develop local self-government capacities in order to become EU members, it is expected that trends in the institutional development of their territorial state administration might indicate a relationship between the growth of local capacities and the applied organisational model of territorial state administration. The conclusions are interpreted in the light of the development of territorial state administration in Croatia.

Rad analizira razvoj činovništva u Dalmaciji u periodu druge austrijske uprave od 1814. do 1914., kada je počeo Prvi svjetski rat. Želimo pokazati kako se promijenila civilna administracija iz perspektive službenika koji su odgovarali za realizaciju politike uprave. Činovništvo je imalo veliki utjecaj, zato u historiografiji treba više govoriti o njemu. ; Historians often write in general about how a state or administration 'implemented' or 'introduced' reforms. Of course, an administration does make certain decisions but, in modern times, whole groups of officials are responsible for their realisation. This is the duty of the official apparatus. The success of a given reform is dependent not only on the theory prepared in the silence of the cabinet, but also on its implementation in practice. For this reason, it is important to understand who the officials were and what was their position in the Habsburg Monarchy, where the administration had been one of the most important lynchpins of the functioning of the state since the time of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. It was no different in Dalmatia, where, as we shall later see, every reform of the central authorities increased the number of sections and therefore the number of officials. Regardless, the topic of officials who worked in Dalmatia in the period of the second Austrian administration did not draw the appropriate attention of Yugoslav and Croatian historians until now. This paper analyses the development of the officialdom in Dalmatia during the 'second Austrian government', from 1814 to 1914, when World War I began. We wish to show how the civil administration changed from the perspective of the officials, who were responsible for the realisation of the administration's policies. The officialdom had a great influence, and deserves to be given more attention in historiography.

Autorica je u radu na temelju analize prevladavajuće teme u znanstvenim radovima vodećih nacionalnih časopisa o javnoj upravi pokušala prikazati, a potom i usporediti upravne sustave Hrvatske, SAD-a, Kanade, Indije i Australije. Uvidom u tematsku strukturu časopisa pokušala je utvrditi javlja li se javna uprava u različitim državama kao sasvim različiti fenomen ili je riječ o jednakom fenomenu čija su specifična obilježja samo produkt različitih okolišnih (ekonomskih, socijalnih, povijesnih, geografskih, kulturnih, itd.) čimbenika u kojima su se ti upravni sustavi razvijali i koja su takva da omogućuju razmjenu najboljih ideja i praksi i daljnji razvoj upravnih sustava prema zajedničkom modelu. U radu se najprije opisuje istraživanje sadržaja znanstvenih časopisa o javnoj upravi kao metoda istraživanja u upravnoj znanosti. Autorica zatim izlaže tijek svog istraživanja i dobivene rezultate te konačno tumači rezultate dobivene istraživanjem. ; The paper analyses the thematic structure of scientific papers published in an American, an Australian, an Indian, a Canadian, and a Croatian journal dealing with public administration in the period 1999–2009. Based on this analysis, the administrative systems of the countries of origin are outlined and compared. The initial thesis is that the administrative systems of different countries differ because of various environmental conditions in which they have developed, but these differences are not so huge as to suggest that public administration in different countries is a completely different phenomenon. On the contrary, due to globalisation, uniqueness and divergence of various administrative systems are tending to withdraw, making room for the exchange of ideas and best practices, and to the development of national administrative systems according to a common model. The paper describes the analysis of themes as one of the research methods in administrative science and outlines some of the papers in which this method has been used. The author has analysed the results for each country individually, proceeding with an aggregate overview of thematic structures and administrative systems of the respective countries. The thematic structure of scientific papers as a copy of the studied administrative systems has shown that the USA and Australia are ideologically oriented towards economic values, as the countries of pragmatic culture, while Canada is oriented towards economic and traditional values. India can be considered to use its potentials for further development of the country, while Croatia is a country that is reforming its administrative system in accordance with democratic principles and other traditional values of the European continent. nevertheless, the research has shown that public administration core is the same in each of the analysed countries and that they are moving towards common understanding of what is an optimal organisation of public administration.