The article emphasizes the necessity of using confidentiality as generally recognized principle in administering juvenile cases in criminal proceeding. The analysis of international legal acts, particularly, United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules), showed that the right of juvenile offenders to confidentiality should be observed at all stages of criminal proceedings. The author of the article showed that confidentiality is also expressed in the denial the third party's access to the juvenile cases files and prohibition to publish the information about juvenile criminal cases in the media. The comparative analysis of the "Beijing Rules" and the Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure concerning juveniles made it possible to conclude that the right of juvenile to confidentiality is not protected by the Russian law. It is assumed that the confidentiality in juvenile cases legislated, the legal defense of the juvenile rights in legal proceeding could increase.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2015)2.1-18 ; В статье подчеркивается важность применения конфиденциальности в отношении несовершеннолетних в уголовном судопроизводстве как общепризнанного принципа. Анализ международно-правовых актов, в частности Минимальных стандартных правил Организации Объединенных Наций, касающихся отправления правосудия в отношении несовершеннолетних («Пекинские правила»), показал, что право несовершеннолетнего на конфиденциальность должно осуществляться на всех этапах уголовного судопроизводства. Автором показана конфиденциальность, которая выражается также в запрете на доступ к материалам уголовного дела несовершеннолетнего третьим лицам и на оглашение в СМИ сведений о несовершеннолетнем по уголовному делу. Сравнительный анализ «Пекинских правил» и Уголовно-процессуального кодекса РФ в отношении несовершеннолетних позволил сделать вывод о том, что в российском законодательстве право несовершеннолетнего на конфиденциальность не закреплено. Представляется, что принятие на законодательном уровне конфиденциальности в отношении несовершеннолетних послужило бы эффективности их правовой защиты в уголовном судопроизводстве.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2015)2.1-18
The article examines the criminal law principle of justice from the point of view of traditional philosophical thought, which assumes the division of the world into an ideal and material substance. As an example of the ideal substance of justice, the author suggests considering the moral world order, a particular manifestation of which should ideally be the constitutional system of a particular state. The material substance of justice, in the author's opinion, should be clearly refl ected in the norms of the criminal law. As a theoretical premise of the stated approach, the assumption is put forward that a person as a personal Creator and performer of law, passing through the idea of justice as a fundamental socio-philosophical, political and legal phenomenon, formulates the criminal law principle of justice. This approach plays an important methodological role in overcoming one-sided trends in the consideration of its nature and assumes its construction on the basis of a two-level structure that includes legislative and law enforcement elements. On the basis of the position put forward by the famous philosopher Thomas Aquinas on the requirements imposed on the law, analyzes the judicial practice and norms of the current criminal law for its compliance with the principle of justice. The thesis that its effective implementation is an indicator of the quality of the criminal law is substantiated. ; В статье проводится исследование уголовно-правового принципа справедливости с точки зрения традиционной философской мысли, предполагающей деление мира на идеальную и материальную субстанцию. Как пример идеальной субстанции справедливости автор предлагает рассматривать нравственный миропорядок, частным проявлением которого в идеале должен выступать конституционный строй конкретного государства. Материальная субстанция справедливости, по мнению автора, должна находить четкое отражение в нормах уголовного закона. В качестве теоретической предпосылки заявленного подхода выдвигается предположение о том, что человек как персональный творец и исполнитель права, пропуская через себя идею справедливости как фундаментальное социально-философское, политическое и правовое явление, формулирует уголовно-правовой принцип справедливости. Такой подход играет важную методологическую роль в преодолении односторонних тенденций в рассмотрении ее природы и предполагает его построение на основе двухуровневой конструкции, включающей в себя законодательный и правоприменительный элементы. На основе выдвинутого известным философом Ф. Аквинским положения о требованиях, предъявляемых к закону, проводится анализ судебной практики и норм действующего уголовного закона на предмет его соответствия принципу справедливости. Обосновывается тезис, что его эффективная реализация является показателем качества уголовного закона.
On the basis of the conducted research on the directions of the criminal and penal–executive policy with regard to minors, the author of the article draws the following conclusions. The processes of humanization of criminal and penal enforcement laws affect under–age criminals, adjusting the procedure for appointing and executing criminal punishment, including deprivation of liberty. Despite these trends in recent years, the problem of juvenile delinquency is a fairly massive social and legal phenomenon. Thus, the analysis of statistical data has shown that juvenile delinquency grows 7 times faster than the total number of the population of this age group changes, and in some regions, minors determine the crime situation as a whole. The reason for repeated crimes committed by former juvenile convicts is that returning part of this category of people to the society is predisposed to spreading and propagating criminal "prison" traditions and customs among their peers, as well as among younger people, which contributes to the support and growth of criminogenic the potential of society. One of the directions of the criminal and penitentiary policy of Russia is the penitentiary and post-penitentiary resocialization of persons serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty, in particular minors. Thus, the process of training juveniles sentenced to release and creating conditions for their full integration into society is the most important task not only of educational colonies, but also of government bodies and civil society institutions. The absence of a federal law on the social adaptation of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty creates difficulties for minors in the process of resocialization. Adoption of this law is an important component and the main content of the law should be the establishment of strict control over the behavior of these individuals, and mainly the guarantee of state aid to them in the process of returning to normal life in society.
This article deals with one of the most topical questions of advocacy client-lawyer privilege. Imperfection of the rules adopted by the legislator causes the violation of the client-lawyer privilege on the part of the state bodies and in the first place law enforcement bodies. Lacunae in legal remedy of communication privacy of a lawyer and his clients are analyzed. ; В статье говорится об одном из актуальных вопросов адвокатской деятельности адвокатской тайне. Несовершенство принятых законодателем норм порождает нарушения адвокатской тайны со стороны государственных органов, прежде всего правоохранительных. Анализируются пробелы в правовой защите конфиденциальности коммуникаций адвоката со своими доверителями.
Still in Russia and abroad, questions about implementation of the right to life and right to death are controversial, and as a consequence, the threat of killing the person by the use of euthanasia does not cease to be relevant. Russian criminal law provides criminal responsibility for the murder, which is a variety of ways, however, standards meeting the requirements of the safe existence of terminally ill people, including those not able to be fully aware of the incurability of the disease, is not provided. The legislator attempted criminal prohibitions of the use of euthanasia, however, in the current criminal law of the Russian Federation the data of rules. In this connection, many questions of law enforcement practice in the sphere of criminal-law protection of the safety of life and human health remain uncertain. The given circumstances testify to the fact that the study of issues of qualification of crimes against life and health becomes more fundamental. The article analyzes the problematic issues of demarcation of euthanasia from murder and suicide, and the author's article, providing for the criminal-legal prohibition of the use of euthanasia that will contribute to the improvement of law enforcement practice.
В статье обращается внимание на внесение в уголовно-процессуальный закон в целях совершенствования уголовного судопроизводства изменений и дополнений часто противоположного характера направленных одновременно и на защиту вовлекаемой в производство по уголовному делу личности, в том числе в качестве подозреваемого, обвиняемого, подсудимого, и на усиление возможностей уголовного преследования указанных лиц. Ведущая роль в определении векторов развития уголовного судопроизводства принадлежит, разумеется, уголовно-процессуальной политике, вырабатываемой соответствующими государственными органами, однако уголовно-процессуальная политика еще не привела к созданию ясной, вполне определенной концепции развития отечественного уголовного процесса. Примером непоследовательности и недостаточной продуманности законодательных решений может служить современное отношение законодателя к формированию процессуального статуса прокурора. Четкое определение путей развития отечественного уголовного судопроизводства обуславливается необходимостью ясного выбора модели уголовного процесса. ; The article draws attention to the introduction of amendments and additions to the criminal procedure law in order to improve criminal proceedings, often of the opposite nature both aimed at protecting the person involved in the criminal proceedings, including as a suspected accused, defendant, and to increase opportunities criminal prosecution of these persons. The leading role in determining the vectors of development of criminal proceedings belongs, of course, to the criminal procedure policy developed by the relevant state bodies, but the criminal procedure policy has not yet led to the creation of a clear, well-defined concept of the development of the domestic criminal process. An example of inconsistency and insufficient reasonableness of legislative decisions is the current attitude of the legislator to the formation of the procedural status of the prosecutor. A clear definition of the ways of development of domestic criminal proceedings is due to the need for a clear choice of the model of the criminal process.
УДК 343.2A new institute of repressive measures applied outside the criminal liability in criminal law (including as a condition for exemption from criminal liability) is forming now in Russian legislation. The author concludes that the provisions of the criminal law on monetary compensation and a court fine should be deleted because of the following reasons. 1) By their nature, and monetary compensation and a court fine, not being a formal punishment (and, therefore, a form of realization of criminal responsibility) is a monetary penalty, i.e., penalty-punishment. Moreover, the rules of court fine destination identical rules of criminal sentencing. 2) Quantitatively court fine may exceed the minimum limits of criminal punish-ment in the form of fines. The dimensions of monetary compensation in the order of hours. Pt. 2, Art. 76.1 of the Criminal Code and at all close to the maximum values of fine-punishment. 3) Exemption from criminal liability requires states to refrain from prosecuting the person alleged to have committed a crime, which means that the nonuse of criminal repression. Regulatory standards analyzed, on the other hand, require mandatory use of repression, ie, virtually no exemption from criminal liability does not occur at all. 4) The use of a quasi-penalty in the form of monetary compensation and court fines are not an exemption from criminal responsibility, but on the contrary, the use of criminal repression (of responsibility), and in a simplified manner. 5) Contrary to the requirements of the Constitution and the Criminal Code of criminal repression is applied to persons whose guilt has not been established in the commission of a crime. Thus, in criminal law introduced a presumption of guilt. 6) Customization repression (in fact – of criminal responsibility) in the application of the judicial penalty is substantially limited, and the application of monetary compensation is excluded at all, contrary to the requirement that the rough justice (Pt. 1, Art. 6 of the Criminal Code). 7) Rules of court fine actually allow re-use of penalties and, moreover, consistent application of the two main types of punishment, although no one can be held criminally responsible twice for the same offense (Pt. 2, Art. 6 of the Criminal Code). ; УДК 343.2В уголовном законодательстве формируется новый институт репрессивных мер, применяемых вне уголовной ответственности, в том числе в качестве условия освобождения от уголовной ответственности. Этот процесс свидетельствует о глубоком кризисе современного уголовного права. Предписания уголовного закона о денежном возмещении и судебном штрафе следует исключить.
The results of the study represent the Russian experience in the sociological study of the non-criminal "shadow" labor market, including the identification of trends in its development, analysis of socio-economic mechanisms, in particular the socio-psychological attitudes of participants in "shadow" processes, norms of legal and economic consciousness, value orientations, and motives of behavior. that determine the massive participation in the non-criminal "shadow" economy of representatives of different social, demographic and professional groups.
The article is an investigation of the procedural positions of some types of exemption from criminal liability in the comparative aspect, as well as means of differentiation of responsibility while solving the conflict through exemption from criminal liability. Proposals and recommendations have been developed on improving the current legislation in the area of exemption from criminal responsibility and its practical implementation = В тезисах рассматриваются процессуальные положения некоторых видов освобождения от уголовной ответственности в компаративистском аспекте, а также средств дифференциации ответственности при разрешении уголовно-правового конфликта путем освобождения от уголовной ответственности. Разработаны предложения и рекомендации по совершенствованию действующего законодательства в сфере освобождения от уголовной ответственности и практики его применения
