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Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction: Victim Participation in International Criminal Justice -- Abstract -- 1.1 Preliminary Remarks -- 1.2 A Continuously Developing Field -- 1.3 Structure of the Book -- 1.4 Notes on Terminology -- References -- 2 The Application Process: Procedure and Players -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Players -- 2.2.1 International Criminal Court -- 2.2.2 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia -- 2.2.3 Special Tribunal for Lebanon -- 2.3 First Step of the Procedure: Submission of an Application for Participation to the ICC, the ECCC or the STL -- 2.3.1 Submission of Applications -- 2.3.2 Assistance to Applicants -- 2.3.3 Time Limits in the Application Process -- 2.4 Procedure Once an Application for Participation Has Been Submitted to the ICC, the ECCC or the STL -- 2.4.1 Assessment of Victims' Applications -- 2.4.2 Observations by the Parties -- 2.4.3 Protection of Victim Identities During the Application Process -- 2.4.4 Decisions on Victim Applications -- 2.4.5 Appeals Against Decisions on Victim Applications -- 2.5 Key Points -- Appendix-Steps in the Application Process -- References -- 3 Requirements for Victim Participation -- Abstract -- 3.1 Definition of Victims at ICC, STL, ECCC -- 3.2 Requirements: Tests Applied by the Courts to Grant Participation or Civil Party Status -- 3.2.1 The Identity of the Applicant as a Natural Person Is Established -- 3.2.1.1 The Victim's Identity -- 3.2.1.2 Persons Acting on Behalf of Victims -- 3.2.1.3 Deceased Victims -- 3.2.2 The Applicant Suffered Harm -- 3.2.2.1 Type of Harm -- 3.2.2.2 Direct and Indirect Harm -- 3.2.3 Causal Link Between the Harm Suffered and the Crime(s) Charged -- 3.2.3.1 Link Between the Harm and a Crime Charged Against the Suspect or the Accused

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