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The different criminal schools considered Criminal Dogmatics as the hard core of Criminal Sciences and the other disciplines mentioned here, as "auxiliaries" to Criminal Law. In truth it should be so, because they are "different sciences or disciplines in their nature and methodology to address criminal studies or knowledge and therefore autonomous. But in what is called the "Encyclopedia of Criminal Sciences", they can never be independent, nor do they have a character that is not effectively complementary. Time and new horizons of study, such as emerging specializations, were inevitably interrelating or intertwining concepts and terminology of all of them, to the point that in some issues this link cannot be dispensed with to interpret the Penal Law, the Penal Systems and its application. ; Las diferentes escuelas penales consideraban a la Dogmática Penal como el núcleo duro de las Ciencias Penales y a las otras disciplinas aquí mencionadas, como "auxiliares" del Derecho Penal. En verdad debiera ser así, porque son "ciencias o disciplinas diferentes en su naturaleza y metodología para abordar los estudios o conocimientos penales y por ende autónomas. Pero en lo que se da en llamar la "Enciclopedia de las Ciencias Penales", no pueden nunca ser independientes, ni tienen un carácter que no sea efectivamente complementario. El tiempo y los nuevos horizontes de estudio, como las especializaciones emergentes, fueron interrelacionando o entrelazando conceptos y terminología de todas ellas en forma inevitable, al punto que en algunas cuestiones no se puede prescindir de dicha vinculación para interpretar la Ley Penal, los Sistemas Penales y su aplicación. ; As diferentes escolas criminais consideraram a Dogmática Criminal como o núcleo duro das Ciências Criminais e as demais disciplinas aqui citadas, como "auxiliares" do Direito Penal. Realmente deveria ser assim, porque são "ciências ou disciplinas diferentes em sua natureza e metodologia para abordar os estudos ou conhecimentos criminais e, portanto, autônomas. Mas ...

The protection of the rights to freedom of religion and belief in the constitution aims to create a community life based on morals based on divinity. As a country with a high level of plurality from the aspects of religion and belief, protection of religious harmony and belief is necessary to achieve this goal. Based on the above points of thought, several problems can be formulated, namely how is the current criminal policy in overcoming offenses against religious and belief harmony. And what will the future criminal policy be in overcoming offenses against religious harmony and belief. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach, where the data used are secondary sources in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials.This research is a descriptive analytical study, namely research to describe the problem, analyze the problem and classify the problem for research purposes which are presented descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the criminal acts formulated in the Criminal Code are very limited, including not protecting beliefs protected by the constitution and there is still a divergence by including religious offenses in the Chapter on Public Order. In the non-penal policy, the regulations governing religious harmony are still ineffective and the current government is not serious about creating harmony between religious and believers. Future penal efforts can be made by updating the Criminal Code. As an effort to improve, the concept of the Criminal Code can formulate the provisions of offenses by looking at the provisions of offenses contained in the Draft Law on Religious Harmony. In non-penal efforts, the approach is through the formulation and implementation of government programs. Among them are approaches to understanding theology, education, dialogue and conflict resolution.Perlindungan atas hak kebebasan beragama dan berkepercayaan dalam konstitusi bertujuan supaya tercipta kehidupan masyarakat yang berlandaskan moral atas dasar ketuhanan. Sebagai negara dengan tingkat pluralitas yang tinggi dari aspek agama dan kepercayaan, maka perlindungan terhadap kerukunan umat beragama dan berkepercayaan mutlak dibutuhkan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Berdasarkan pokok pemikiran di atas, maka dapat dirumuskan beberapa permasalahan, yaitu bagaimanakah kebijakan kriminal saat ini dalam menanggulangi delik-delik terhadap kerukunan umat beragama dan berkepercayaan. Dan bagaimanakah kebijakan kriminal yang akan datang dalam menanggulangi delik-delik terhadap kerukunan umat beragama dan berkepercayaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif, dimana data yang digunakan adalah sumber sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder maupun bahan hukum tersier. Adapun penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitis, yaitu penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan masalah, menganalisis masalah dan mengklasifikasi masalah untuk kepentingan penelitian yang disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa tindak pidana yang dirumuskan dalam KUHP sangatlah terbatas, diantaranya belum melindungi kepercayaan yang dilindungi konstitusi serta masih terdapat divergensi dengan memasukan delik agama dalam Bab Ketertiban Umum. Dalam kebijakan non penal, regulasi yang mengatur tentang kerukunan umat beragama masih kurang efektif serta pemerintah saat ini tidak serius menciptakan harmonisasi antar umat beragama dan berkepercayaan. Upaya penal yang akan datang dapat dilakukan dengan pembaharuan KUHP. Sebagai upaya penyempurnaan, Konsep KUHP dapat memformulasikan ketentuan delik dengan melihat ketentuan delik yang terdapat dalam RUU Kerukunan Umat Beragama. Dalam upaya non penal, pendekatan melalui penyusunan dan pelaksanaan program pemerintah. Diantaranya dengan pendekatan pemahaman teologi, pendidikan, dialog dan resolusi konflik.

Prostitution is a form of sexual deviation and disease of society and also against Indonesian morality. Therefore, its existence is a problem for the Indonesian nation. One of the causes is that criminal formulation policies are set within KUHP specifically article 296 jo. article 506 only discussing about criminal responsibility for a pimp. The other parties involved in such prostitution as prostitutes (sex workers) and client of prostitutes are not convicted unless one or both are committed in marriage, so it can be convicted under article 284 which qualifies for a felony in adultery. Based on these issues, this research aims to learn and analyze criminal policy for client of prostitutes in positive laws in Indonesia and criminal policy for client of prostitutes to realize substantial justice. The results of this research show that criminal policy for client of prostitutes in positive laws is not optimal. The arrangement of prostitution in particular article 296 jo. 506 KUHP only disscuss about criminal resonsibility for a pimp, so there is a legal vacuum in Indonesia's penal formulation policy that regulates prostitution. The government's policy to close brothels in Indonesia still raises problems as it is not followed by reformulation of criminal laws that regulate prostitution crimes. Thus, it has been necessary for criminal policy either by penal or non-penal efforts to realize the laws expected by society and to attain substantial justice (the perfect justice). The author's recommendation would be to include new legal norms governing prostitution crimes and encourage governments to legitimize RUU KUHP and RUU PKS.[]Praktik prostitusi ini menjadi problematika tersendiri bagi bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah rumusan pemidanaan yang diatur dalam KUHP khususnya Pasal 296 jo. Pasal 506 hanya berkaitan dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana muncikari. Pihak lain seperti pekerja seks komersial dan pengguna jasa prostitusi tidak dimintai pertangungjawaban, kecuali bila salah satu terikat hubungan perkawinan (Pasal 284 KUHP). Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai kebijakan kriminal bagi pengguna jasa prostitusi dalam hukum positif di Indonesia dan kebijakan kriminal bagi pengguna jasa prostitusi yang berkeadilan substansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa criminal bagi pengguna jasa prostitusi dalam hukum positif Indonesia belum optimal. Pengaturan mengenai prostitusi khususnya dalam Pasal 296 jo. Pasal 506 KUHP hanya berkaitan dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi muncikari (hal ini didasarkan karena KUHP/WvS masih dipengaruhi budaya hukum Belanda dan Prancis), sehingga menimbulkan adanya kekosongan hukum dalam kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana di Indonesia yang mengatur terkait praktik prostitusi. Upaya non penal melalui penutupan lokalisasi juga masih menyisakan permasalahan karena tidak diikuti dengan reformulasi hukum pidana yang mengatur terkait kejahatan prostitusi. Oleh karenanya, dibutuhkan kebijakan kriminal baik melalui pendekatan penal maupun non penal yang berkeadilan substansial untuk mewujudkan keadilan yang dicita-citakan masyarakat. Adapun rekomendasi penulis adalah dengan memasukkan norma hukum baru yang mengatur mengenai kejahatan prostitusi dan mendorong pengesahan RUU KUHP dan RUU PKS.

This research aims to determine the relationship between criminal law policies as an effort to prevent corruption and to analyze how the Ministry of Religion program should be in preparing programs for preventing corruption in relation to the Integrated Criminal Policy. So that the writing will discuss the relationship between criminal law policies as an effort to prevent corruption and an integrated criminal law policy or Integrated Criminal Policy can increase the role of the Ministry of Religion in preventing corruption. The approach used in this research is the statute approach to examine regulations related to the Ministry of Religion and the prevention of corruption, the conceptual approach, which is to move from the views and doctrines in criminal law related to criminal law policies. integrated (integrated criminal policy). Prevention of corruption which is explicitly stated in UNCAC, the KPK Law and the United Nations Convention on crime prevention is an effort outside of criminal law (non-penal) which is an inseparable part of criminal law policy. The social policy carried out by the Ministry of Religion in preventing corruption is an effort outside of criminal law (non-penal) and can balance the eradication of corruption through criminal law (penal) carried out by law enforcers. This kind of social policy is a manifestation of an integrated criminal law policy that can be carried out by the government.

The study aims to identify the connection between politics and law and the effect of such connection on social and legal reality, including the state and efficacy of criminal policy. The author aims at updating theoretical provisions about the state and law and concepts of legal understanding to determine the discourse of political and legal reality that provides certain properties of law and law enforcement in the battle against crime. The author expands upon this connection using general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and specific scientific (axiological, historical, sociological, and special legal) methods of scientific knowledge, which allow examining the general and special value content of law and politics. The influence of politics on law can affect the fundamental principles of the law nature. It may lead to a number of unfavorable consequences in the battle against crime, starting from the ineffectiveness of special criminal and criminal legal measures that control the criminalization of society to a state threatening society, which can be defined as the "disbandment" of law. The main issue of modern domestic criminal policy is political opportunism of the law, which is characterized by legislative instability and multidirectional vectors in crime-fighting strategy and tactics. Thus, it endangers the well-being and security of citizens, society, and the state. Legal and political ideas must have a common value content that links law and politics with dialectical unity. In a democratic state governed by the rule of law, law, in its integrative understanding, should be the basis for politics in general and criminal policy in particular.

Im deutschen Schrifttum und auch im Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zum Vertrag von Lissabon wird überwiegend Besorgnis oder sogar Unzufriedenheit über den "Umgang" der europäischen Institutionen mit der Materie des Strafrechts und des Strafprozessrechts laut. Grund für diese Besorgnis sind nicht einmal primär verfehlte, sondern vielmehr fehlende bzw. nicht hinreichend erkennbare kriminalpolitische Leitlinien und Prinzipien auf EU-Ebene. Aber auch ohne solche auf die europäische Entwicklung gerichtete Skepsis besteht Anlass, sich grundlegender kriminalpolitischer Prinzipien zu vergewissern. Denn so mancher in den Strafrechtslehrbüchern in Marmor gemeißelte Grundsatz ist auch im nationalen kriminalpolitischen Alltag (Deutschlands und anderer europäischer Staaten) längst zu kleiner Münze verkommen und kaum noch zu erkennen. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat sich im April 2008 in München eine vierzehnköpfige Arbeitsgruppe von europarechtlich orientierten Strafrechtswissenschaftlern aus zehn Mitgliedstaaten als "European Criminal Policy Initiative" konstituiert. Sie eint nicht nur das Anliegen, dass die kriminalpolitischen Entscheidungen der EU-Institutionen auf klaren Prinzipien aufbauen müssen, sondern auch die Überzeugung, dass diese Prinzipien seit langem Bestand gemeinsamer Tradition sind. Diese lassen sich zudem durchaus aus dem europäischen Recht selbst ableiten. Dies veranlasst die Verfasser dazu, Grundprinzipien einer europäischen Kriminalpolitik in dem nachfolgen abgedruckten Manifest zusammenzutragen sowie deren Bedeutung anhand existenter bzw. im Vorschlagstadium befindlicher Rechtsakte der Europäischen Union zu exemplifizieren. Anschließend wird das zur Diskussion gestellte Dokument der European Criminal Policy Initiative präsentiert. (ICF2)

This document addresses problems and questions that arise about realism or idealism in the context of the criminal policy of the double legislature in Iran, with the aim of revealing the available skills and capacities of the laws that govern the matter. Has the Iranian lawmaker followed an idealistic criminal policy? Is realism what is necessary for a dimensional criminal policy in Iran's criminal laws? What is the solution to the transition from religious idealism to a realist perspective preserving the status quo? What is certain is that, when examining existing criminal law, criminal policy based on religious idealism and dimensional realism can be seen in terms of criminological data; from the oldest data in criminal law to the latest criminal paradigms. Methodologically, documentary research technique and legal hermeneutics were used. It is concluded that traditional theologically based laws and sharia-based oversight bodies need a new dynamism and a new ijtihad. In this study, the dimensions of the subject and the form of transcendence from idealism to realism are given while preserving religious values.

The central aim of "Assessing the Harms of Crime" is to provide a firm analytical foundation for making normative decisions about criminal and related policy, taking harm-and its reduction-as a conceptual starting point and supplying the means for systematic, empirical analysis in a harm assessment framework. By exploring harm's place in legal history and theory, criminology, and related fields and by considering the relevance of harm and its reduction for both criminal policy and the governance of security, the book demonstrates the centrality of harm, including its reduction, to crime, policy, and governance. It also highlights a substantial gap in methods available to the policy community to take on harm and the challenges of developing them. Working to fill that gap, the book presents the authors' "Harm Assessment Framework," consisting of tools and a process to identify, evaluate, and rank harms and to carefully distinguish harms that result directly from activities from those that are remote or driven at least partially by policy. The book also presents applications to complex crimes, primarily involving coca and cocaine, that show the framework's value with new, actionable insight to harm and policy. On this basis, the book argues that criminology would benefit from expanding its mission to include harm and target harm reduction and from positioning harm assessment as a core task. Lastly, it posits that systematic, empirical harm-based policy analysis can contribute positively to decisions about criminal policy and the governance of security and to advancing justice.

In this paper I intend to reflect on the inability of functionalist dogmatic currents to contain the ius puniendi of the State. I will also point out what are the reasons of the penal system itself that have led to give the legislator a carte blanche, which has led to an unbridled punitiveness, and what fundamentals are proposed to build a more rational criminal response. By reviewing the current situation of criminal dogmatics, the questions of the method and the object of study of this branch of knowledge, we come to the conclusion of an improper relativism of a knowledge that is intended to be scientific. The rational proposal against this relativism is a criminal policy based on human rights.

The black magic is a crime in which the black magic practioner can be regarded as a bandit. In the perspective of religious teachings, to study, to teach, to channelize and to use the services of black magic is a forbidden thing so that it becomes the legal law in the society. Criminal policy of resolving black magic criminality required the panel law to be a mean since the effect of the black magic can make the victim sustain injury and more ironically death. This research entitled criminal policy of black magic management in the positive law of Indonesia. The problem of this research is how the criminal policy of black magic management in the positive law of Indonesia. This research is a normative juridical research, where the data which are used in this research is secondary data; namely books, legislation, documents and other writing related to the problem being researched. Based on the result of the research about criminal policy in managing the black magic is needed to resolve black magic criminality and wide effect which can be caused by the black magic itself both from victim side and the black magic practioner side and from the society's persecuted action by accusing him as a black magic practioner. The criminality of black magic exists in the article of 239 of Criminal Code (KUHP), by way of punishing everybody who claims that he has supernatural power, disclosing, giving hope, and offering services to others.

Corruption has developed into an extra ordinary crime and is increasingly massive at every level of government. Local autonomy that has been actually intended to decentralized the administration of government to realize a clean and authoritative government (clean and good governance) actually becomes an arena of decentralization of corrupt behavior. Up to now (since 2004), there have been 434 local heads who have been prosecuted for alleged corruption and other law violations, and 70% have been found guilty. If so, it needs an integrative effort in its eradication by reintegrating criminal policy with anti-corruption early education policies.