U diplomskome radu naziva Zaboravljene stranice ruske kulturne povijesti – Aleksandra Mihajlovna Kollontaj riječ je o stvaralaštvu i naslijeđu Aleksandre Kollontaj, ruske revolucionarke, političarke i borkinje za ženska prava. Unatoč velikom broju djela na temu ženske emancipacije te realnim postignućima Kollontaj na poziciji ministrice socijalne zaštite, njezin lik i djelo gotovo da nisu zastupljeni u ruskoj kulturnoj povijesti, što je i polazišna točka ovog diplomskog rada. U prvom dijelu rada usredotočili smo se na period ruske povijesti u kojem je došlo do velikih društvenih, ekonomskih i političkih promjena, te kontekst u kojem se razvijao ruski feminizam. Potom smo analizirali dva djela Kollontaj: Žena radnica u suvremenom društvu i Autobiografija seksualnog oslobođenja komunistice. Uz pomoć navedenih tekstova opisali smo poziciju autorice po pitanjima ženske ravnopravnosti i emancipacije, njezino djelovanje unutar Ruske socijaldemokratske radničke partije te kasnije razilaženje s njezinim stavovima. Analizirajući njezino djelovanje, ideje i misli, ukazali smo na nepravdu koja joj je nanesena zbog kolektivnog zaborava.
Russia presents specific mosaic, consisted from many peoples. They are different in size and in strength of inner connections, in economic and social characteristics, level of political organization, language and culture, spiritual features and national character. In such context the problem of multi-cultural education becomes very actual and complicated in terms of polyethnical Russian society.
The paper analyzes the characteristics of the broadcast of sociocultural experience. It is shown that modern historical stage is associated with the formation of a united democratic style of relationship to the cultural heritage of the past. It is caused by deep-seated patterns of culture itself, increased integration in all spheres of society. In this regard, feature of temporal being culture - the presence of social memory is highlighted. Formation of human values is the result of a kind of cultural history. As a key mechanism of successive development of a culture increasingly recognized the need for careful and responsible attitude to national cultures, to the cultural wealth of mankind. ; В статье анализируются особенности трансляции социокультурного опыта. Показано, что современный исторический этап связан с формированием единого демократического стиля отношения к культурному наследию прошлого. Он обусловлен глубинными закономерностями развития самой культуры, усилением интеграции во всех сферах жизни общества. В этом плане высвечивается особенность временного бытия культуры - наличие социальной памяти. Формирование общечеловеческих ценностей - это своеобразный итог истории культуры. В качестве ключевого механизма преемственного развития культуры все более осознается необходимость бережного, ответственного отношения к национальным культурам, к культурным богатствам человечества.
The purpose of the study is to identify the main stages in the formation and development of cultural policy in Europe as one of the areas of public policy. Research methodology. To solve this problem, we used the systemic method, the method of typology and comparison. The basic scientific principles were chosen the principle of historicism and objectivity. Scientific novelty lies in the first interdisciplinary comprehensive study of changes in the social and cultural life of society, the development of socio-political thought, education, the formation and development of a secular state, which made it possible to determine the main stages of the history of cultural policy in Europe. Conclusions. The cultural policy as a separate sphere of social development originated in the middle ages and has evolved through seven stages. In different periods, both the leading actors and the cultural spheres that fell under their influence changed. In the early stages the Church heavily influenced to the sphere of popular culture. State care to education and culture is increasing with the consolidation of absolutism and the formation of nation-States. Cultural institutions are transformed into promoters of national ideas and receive state support. The development of capitalism is intensifying the cultural needs of the bourgeoisie. The public-state model of cultural policy formed. The history of the twentieth century provides examples of the use of culture for political purposes. During this period the term «cultural policy» began to be used. In the postwar period the strategy for the development of cultural policy changed from the «culture for all» to concepts of multiculturalism and animation conception. The development processes of post-industrial society with the major attention to the scope of services and consumption has set cultural policy a task to promotion of cultural industries, encourage private investment and further decentralization of management.
The Message of the President of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev to Oli Majlis notes that Uzbekistan will always be faithful to its principles in the sphere of interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, strengthening the atmosphere of mutual respect, friendship and harmony between representatives of different nations and faiths. It is considered as the greatest wealth of the state and society.
Professionals and Marginals in Slavic and Jewish Cultural Traditions is the annual publication of the Slavic & Jewish Cultures: Dialogue, Similarities, Differences's project for 2022. It includes papers from the international conference of the same name held in Moscow on December 1–3, 2021. The book includes twelve articles by Russian and Israeli scholars who work on the social and cultural role of professionals and marginals in various ethno-confessional traditions. The question of the perception of professionals in culture falls under the opposition "one's own/another's," where belonging to "one's own" or a "foreign community or class" becomes a defining marker. Traditionally, "social strangers," to which representatives of various professions belong, were assigned a special role in calendar, magical, and occasional rites. Thus, professionals and social marginals were not considered outcasts: society assigned them a particular place and role, delegating special cultural functions to them. Like previous publications in this series, Professionals and Marginals in Slavic and Jewish Cultural Traditions is notable for the large amount of field and archival material that it makes publically available for the first time.
This article analyzes the development of the personality in the cultural-historical process in the concept of the great German philosopher Georg Villeguelma Friedrich Gegel. In the heart of development status of the individual in the history of Gegel examines the progress of consciousness of freedom.
Hybrid languages formed as a result of language contacts are called pidgin languages in the linguistic literature, and the problem of their study is solved by contactology (or creolistics), which is an integral part of sociolinguistics. These are mainly English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Russian. They are widely spread in South America, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the northern and eastern regions of the Russian Federation. There are more than 50 Pidgin and Creole languages on Earth (Creole languages were formed due to the subsequent development of the Pidgin language). Creole languages are one of the most exciting fields of study not only from the point of view of linguistics but also from the point of view of history, cultural studies and other theoretical and applied sciences. This is because the number of people using Creole languages is millions. It is concluded from the article that pidgin has a strong influence on the world language landscape of users because not only languages but also their cultures come in contact. Pidgin is shaped by the direct participation of the culture of the contacting communities and serves to communicate because not only languages but also their culture come into contact.
In: Vestnik Severo-Vostočnogo federalʹnogo universiteta imeni M.K. Ammosova: Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Serija "Istorija, politilogija, pravo" = Series "History, political science, law", Heft 4(90), S. 98-107
Роль фразеологических единиц в качестве «экспонентов культурных знаков» рассматривалась известными учёными в разных аспектах. Являясь носителями культурно-значимой информации, фразеологизмы выполняют особую роль в процессе концептуализации мира. Из-за своей особой и тесной связи с культурой устойчивые выражения достаточно трудно понять и перевести. Ввиду сложности и значимости изучения фразеологизмов должное внимание следует уделять культурной коннотации английских и китайских устойчивых выражений. Культурная коннотация - это категория, позволяющая соотнести две семиотические системы: язык и культуру. Каждый фразеологизм, если он содержит культурную коннотацию, вносит свой вклад в общую картину национальной культуры. В данной статье предпринята попытка анализа культурных феноменов, отражающихся в культурном сравнении и в различиях между китайским и английским языками. Вводя знания о культурных совпадениях, культурных различиях, статья анализирует идиомы с относительно новой культурной точки зрения. Анализ культурной коннотации фразеологизмов предполагает выяснение многих вопросов и прежде всего того, каким образом культура воплощается во фразеологических единицах. Статья также может послужить в качестве совершенствования знаний о культурных коннотациях английских и китайских фразеологизмов. Следовательно, обогащённая культурная осведомлённость помогла бы учащимся избавиться от вмешательства родного языка. В то же время их владение иностранным языком и межкультурная компетентность будут улучшены. На разных этапах работы применялись различные методы исследования: метод сплошной выборки при сборе материала; дефиниционный анализ при исследовании фразеологизмов; контекстный анализ, включающий в себя метод наблюдения и метод интерпретации текста при выявлении актуальных смыслов. На всех этапах работы использовались методы этимологического и синхронно-сопоставительного анализа. Практическая значимость исследования обусловлена тем, что полученные результаты могут быть использованы в обучении английского, китайского языков, при разработке учебных пособий, словарей справочников, использоваться в теории и практике перевода, в учебной лексикографии. Well-known scientists in different aspects considered the role of phraseological units as «exhibitors of cultural signs». Being carriers of culturally significant information, phraseological units play a special role in the process of conceptualization of the world. Due to their special and close connection with culture, set expressions are quite difficult to understand and translate. In view of the complexity and significance of the study of phraseological units, due attention should be paid to the cultural connotations of English and Chinese set expressions. Cultural connotation is a category that allows us to correlate two semiotic systems: language and culture. Each phraseological unit, if it contains a cultural connotation, contributes to the overall picture of the national culture. This article attempts to analyze cultural phenomena reflected in cultural comparisons and differences between Chinese and English. By introducing knowledge about cultural coincidences, cultural differences, the article analyzes idioms from a relatively new cultural point of view. The analysis of the cultural connotation of phraseological units involves the clarification of many issues and, above all, how culture is embodied in phraseological units. The article can also serve as an improvement of knowledge about the cultural connotations of English and Chinese phraseological units. Therefore, an enriched cultural awareness would help students to get rid of the interference of their native language. At the same time, their foreign language skills and intercultural competence will be improved. At different stages of the work, various research methods were used: the method of continuous sampling - when collecting material; definitional analysis - in the study of phraseological units; contextual analysis, which includes the method of observation and the method of interpreting the text - in identifying relevant meanings. At all stages of the work, the methods of etymological and synchronic-comparative analysis were used. The practical significance of the study is because the results obtained can be used in teaching English, Chinese in the development of teaching aids, dictionaries, reference books, used in the theory and practice of translation, in educational lexicography.
The article deals with the history of the literary, cultural and political movement of Activism in Germany. Activism as an independent movement has developed in the framework of German Expressionism due to its politicization and dated back to denote the split among the young Expressionists. The relevance of Activism as an independent political movement has increased markedly during the war. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению истории литературно- и культурно-политического движения активизма в Германии. Активизм как самостоятельное движение сложился в рамках немецкого экспрессионизма вследствие его политизации и относился ко времени обозначившегося раскола в среде молодых экспрессионистов. Актуальность активизма как самостоятельного политического течения заметно возросла в годы войны.
The paper summarizes the results of the study of Scandinavian and Finnish settlements on the Kola Peninsula supported by the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies and Södertörn University as a part of the research project "Soviet Nordic Minorities and Ethnic Cleansing on the Kola Peninsula" led by Associate Professor Andrej Kotljarchuk. The focus of this article is on the representation of Kola-Nordic history as well as on the Nordic sites of memory in today's Russia
The article was initially intended as a review of Carolyn Steel's book Hungry City: How Food Shapes Our Lives. However, the author's foreword on the reasons and variations of the sociological interest in food turned the review into the reflections on the ways of (or a kind of) sociological analysis of food's role in the contemporary consumer society, a role that cannot be simply reduced to a "fuel" necessary for the trouble-free operation of man as a biological creature. There are several clearly-defined contexts of the scientific analysis of food that can be of interest and importance for sociologists. These contexts include the macroeconomic approach (such as various interpretations of food security from the social-economic to the (geo)political, such as the Russian state's politicized discourse of import substitution that ignores the population's real food practices and access to food); the gender-economic approach (a 'feminized' version of economic history); the culinary-ideological approach (when the recipes of the usual cookbook or the model of public catering development hide the ideological didactic instructions on the mandatory way of life, i.e., "political dietology"); and the historical-cultural-anthropological approach (the attempts to reconstruct the social-cultural codes of food and its role in the epoch-making events of the past). Such wide boundaries of today's scientific interpretations of food allowed the presentation of the Hungry City as an almost ideal example of the sociological analysis of the social life of food in all its diverse manifestations (such as the production and transportation of food, urbanization and food markets, the transformations of home kitchens' design, the development of the public catering system, social meanings of the joint meal-and-wastes recycling, social justice and utopias), even though the book focuses on only the culinary culture of England.
In: Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta: naučno-teoretičeskij žurnal = Science journal of Volgograd State University. Serija 4, Istorija, regionovedenie, meždunarodnye otnošenija = History. Area studies. International relations, Band 22, Heft 6, S. 22-29
The turning points of the history are characterized by people's active participation in one of the most natural for the man social activity - the creation of new self-images. Being incorporated in these images, people are able to realize their involvement in social events. The new ideas and meanings acquire "corporality" in the new images of man and get accumulated in them becoming the reality accessible for the majority of people. Being revealed in the images of people, new ideas obtain real bodies, penetrate to the living tissue of culture, transform into reality, which can be perceived. Man uses their body as a tool for coding significant cultural meanings. The rules of behavior, public manners, the elements of appearance and clothing become the material signs of nonmaterial ideas. They transform into the complex distinguishing system, which allows for the consolidation of people with similar viewpoints. The creation of new visual images comes in hand with the experiments in the field of creating a new language. The authors demonstrate the appearance and creation of such images using the examples of Great French revolution, the revolutionary transformations of Post-reform Russia, Great Russian revolution, cultural revolution of the Chinese People's Republic. M.M. Zagorulko and I.A. Petrova represent common theoretical approaches to the analysis of cultural revolutions of the New Time and Modern period, to understanding the principles of interaction between the "old" and the "new" in culture. I.A. Petrova carries out analysis of theoretical disputes of A.V. Lunacharsky and A.A. Bogdanov about the possibility of constructing "pure proletarian culture". I.K. Cheremushnikova proves the significance of emblematic images in the culture, the connection between body self-representation and the privileged meanings, adopted during the revolution; she represents numerous examples of man becoming the carrier of new cultural meanings in the process of self-representation.