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Hierarchy as a Phenomenon of Organizational Culture
Actuality. The technological revolution, the technology rapid development, increasing dynamism and uncertainty, a shift in societal attitudes make organizations to implement many different imperatorin. However, these transformations are not replacing hierarchical structures that accompany the organization throughout their existence. Contrary to forecasts of many scientists, about the inevitable demise of hierarchies in the new society, these structures will not disappear and successfully continue their existence. The question arises, why? Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is the disclosure hierarchy as a phenomenon of organizational culture and investigate their long-term use of society. Methodological basis of research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, historical, and cultural approaches to the study of organizational phenomena, the fundamental principles of systems theory and systems analysis, organization theory, management, psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. Results. The essence of hierarchy as cultural phenomenon and the basis of the control system. The paper discusses peculiarities of its construction at different stages of human development. It is established that the hierarchy is a contradictory unity of the various opposites (order and chaos, rational and humane, formal and informal, vertical and horizontal, rigid and flexible, authoritarian and democratic, elitist and egalitarian, etc.), mutual fight which is a source of continuous change and development of hierarchical systems, but can not be the end of their existence. Conclusions and discussion. The scientific novelty of the study results is to deepen the understanding of the hierarchies as a phenomenon of organizational culture, uncovering the causes, trends and patterns of their long-term use in the context of evolutionary development of mankind. Practical significance of the obtained results is in the possibility of their use in the organizational activities of the society and in addition management ...
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Theory and History of Culture Mechanistic Management
Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...
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The phenomenon of political culture: theoretical and methodological discourse
Problem setting. The formation of the rule of law state and civil society in Ukraine is largely conditioned by the state of political culture, which emerges as an important component of the sociocultural image of the nation and at the same time as a structural element of the political system of the state, which determines the nature of the interaction between the state and citizens, the state and institutions of democracy. Recent research and publications analysis. The study of political culture belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Problems of studying political culture were addressed by such Ukrainian scientists as V. Bebyk, M. Golovaty, L. Gorodenko, M. Dmytrenko, L. Nagorna, V Rebkalo, N. Repina, O. Rudakevich, O. Stehnii, M. Trebin, B. Tsymbalistyi and others. Important contributions to the theoretical development ofpolitical culture ideas have also been made by foreign scholars, including G. Almond, R. Jackman, L. Dittmer, R. Ellis, D. Fuchs, R. Lane, J. Lorenz, I. Lustick, S. Maerz, R. Miller, W. Mishler, M. Neumann, L. Pye, W. Rosenbaum, C. Schneider, R. Tucker, S. Verba, et al. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and structure of political culture, to consider the features of its typology. Paper main body. The concept of «political culture» as a subjective dimension of politics was introduced in to scientific circulation only in the XVIII century by German philosopher J. Herder and until the middle of the twentieth century it was view edrather at the level of world-view universalism ratherthaninits specific form sandmanifestations. Through the efforts of G. Almond, S. Verba, L. Pye, D. Kavanagh, and other researchers, the theoretical foundations for considering political culture were developed. In the future, three major theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the essence ofpolitical culture have emerged in political science. The first of these, including the time of its appearance, is an orientation approach that, ...
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FUNCTIONS OF LEGAL CULTURE ; ФУНКЦІЇ ПРАВОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ
The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.
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FUNCTIONS OF LEGAL CULTURE ; ФУНКЦІЇ ПРАВОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ
The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.
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Вплив організаційної культури на інноваційний потенціал підприємства
In: European Journal of Management Issues, Heft 5, S. 60-70
Each organization as a socio-economic system is exposed to the factors of external and internal environment; the organizational culture (OC) of the company is in its turn the product of the interrelation between the external and internal environment of an enterprise, so any impact will determine further formation and development of OC. The factors of both external and internal environment can have a positive or negative trend to a change. The problems of the research into the essence of OC and the innovation potential are tackled in many papers of both domestic and foreign authors, but no relationship was identified between the structure and the factors of OC and innovation potential. Therefore, in our opinion, the issue of identifying the factors influence presents a problem. Its defining will make it possible to forecast a positive or a negative trend in the change of the organizational structure that will determine the capacity to enhance the innovation potential of an enterprise. The purpose of writing this article was to study the influence of factors of external and internal environment of the organization on the components of OC and the innovation potential of an enterprise. To explore the problems studied for the article we structured in detail the concepts and elements that OC contains, and also defined the structure of the innovation potential, its components. Comparison of the structures of OC and innovation potential demonstrated the presence of common and interrelated elements. A deeper analysis was conducted by defining the main factors of OC. The results of the analysis allowed determining the place of OC in the structure of the innovation potential of an enterprise. Thus, the following conclusions can be made. First, the structure of OC and the innovation potential contains a shared item, which is microclimate that implies conditions that can facilitate the development of innovation in the organization. Second, the factors of OC for the most part form the structure of the innovation potential: personality of the founder – management style, system of communication; the size of the organization determines its structure, the presence of various technological premises, the possibility of free movement of the personnel and organization of work. Third, production technology, adopted by the organization, determines the level of its innovation potential. The flexibility of OC allows more intensive using and adapting innovation technologies at an enterprise. The scientific novelty of the research. For the first time we formulated a definition of OC as a model of key elements, genuinely correct and the one that is passed on to the new members of the team as a certain dogma. The practical value of the work lies in summarizing and comparing the basic elements of OC and the innovation potential and identifying common peculiarities that makes it possible to define the role of formation and development of organizational culture in improving the innovation of an enterprise. Further objectives are defined as the analysis of influence factors on the Ukrainian enterprises, identification of problems and development of plans to eliminate them or warn about them.
LEGAL CULTURE AS THE BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY
Чукаєва В. О. ПРАВОВА КУЛЬТУРА ЯК ОСНОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВАУ статті розглянуто проблему формування громадянського суспільства в Україні, особливості суспільствана сучасному етапі розвитку державності України. У Конституції України в першій статті зазначено, що державає правовою. Це передбачає наявність обов'язкових демократичних інститутів у суспільстві. Демократичні інститутив реальному забезпеченні можливі тільки за наявності громадянського суспільства. На сучасному етапі в Українігромадянське суспільство тільки формується. Відбувається глибока криза державної влади. Така ситуація приво-дить до соціальних конфліктів. Вони небезпечні для держави, оскільки протікають у формі демонстрацій, страйків,громадянських війн. Результат таких конфліктів непередбачуваний, але загроза розвалу держави присутня завжди.Основною причиною таких конфліктів є відсутність в управлінні суспільством із боку держави законності.Сама законність повинна формуватися на принципах верховенства права. Саме такі конфліктні ситуації галь-мують як розвиток громадянського суспільства, так і формування правової держави. Правова держава можливатільки за реального забезпечення верховенства права, верховенства закону, тому у статті аналізується сутністьтаких категорій, як «правова культура», «правосвідомість», «верховенство права», «законність».Існування верховенства права в системі правового регулювання держави можливе тільки за наявності в суспіль-стві правової культури, правової свідомості. Автор статті обґрунтовує, що саме правова культура є основою фор-мування громадянського суспільства. Тільки рівень правової культури суспільства забезпечує верховенство праваі законності. Сама законність можлива за умови забезпечення державою обов'язкової юридичної відповідальностівсіх членів суспільства під час порушення норм права.Автор доходить висновку, що існування реального механізму правового регулювання, який забезпечує закон-ність, можливе. Це може бути тільки за наявності двох систем, таких як система гарантій для прав і система забез-печення юридичної відповідальності за невиконання системи обов'язків. ; The article deals with the problem of formation of civil society in Ukraine. The author also considers the featuresof society at the present stage of development of the statehood of Ukraine. Constitution of Ukraine states in the first articlethat the state is legal. This presupposes the existence of binding democratic institutions in society. This presupposesthe existence of binding democratic institutions in society. Democratic institutions in real support are possible onlyif there is a civil society. At the present stage in Ukraine, civil society is only being formed. There is a deep crisisof state power. This situation leads to social conflicts. They are dangerous for the state, as they take place in the formof demonstrations, strikes and civil wars. The result of such conflicts is unpredictable, but the threat of the collapse of thestate is always present. The main reason for such conflicts is the lack of legality in the management of society by the state.The rule of law itself must be based on the rule of law. It is precisely such conflict situations that hinder boththe development of civil society and the formation of a state governed by the rule of law. The rule of law is possible onlywith the real provision of the rule of law, the rule of law. Therefore, the article analyzes the essence of such categoriesas "legal culture", "legal consciousness", "rule of law", "legality".The existence of the rule of law in the system of legal regulation of the state is possible only if there is a legal cultureand legal consciousness in society. The author of the article substantiates that it is the legal culture that is the basisfor the formation of civil society. Only the level of legal culture of society ensures the rule of law and legality. Legalityitself is possible if the state ensures the mandatory legal responsibility of all members of society in case of violationof the norms of law.The author comes to the conclusion that the existence of a real mechanism of legal regulation, which ensureslegality, is possible. This can only be done if there are two systems: 1) a system of guarantees for rights and 2) a systemof ensuring legal liability in the absence of a system of duties.
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Organization Peculiarities in the System of Management in the Culture and Arts Sphere
Actuality. At the present stage of social development in the conditions of reforming the economic and political system, transformation and modernization of all spheres of modern life, special requirements for management in the field of culture are created. The specificity of the current state of development of the national cultural-artistic complex actualizes the problem of the correlation of two basic trends: on the one hand, the preservation of traditional methods of managing cultural objects created by decades, on the other hand, the search for a new innovative management system and the development of the basic network of culture, which determines the relevance of the research. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the paper is to identify the peculiarities of the formation of the management system of the cultural and artistic sphere. In the study, we used the empirical and systematic approaches according to which the processes of management in the field of culture, which are being used today, are analyzed in the interconnection and development. Methods of analysis and synthesis are also used. Results. The main results of the study are to identify the peculiarities and specifics of the formation of a management system of the domestic network of cultural institutions. The emphasis is placed on the use of strategically oriented and innovative mechanisms of management of the cultural and artistic complex. Conclusions and discussion. The scientific novelty of the findings is to highlight the specific characteristics of the domestic system of management in the cultural sector in accordance with the current conditions of a market economy, which are the main strategic vectors of the industry's development. The formed scientific and applied provisions concerning the formation of an effective system of management of the cultural field can be applied by state authorities and local self-government in the process of formation on the basic principles of cultural policy.
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Використання принципів інноваційного менеджменту у процесі формування корпоративної культури
In: European Journal of Management Issues, Heft 3, S. 100-106
The elements of corporate culture and its impact on innovation management are investigated. A corporate culture tasks in the structure of enterprise activity innovative system are developed.
Globalization and integrative factors of the formation of the culture of the post-Soviet space
The purpose of the article is an analysis of the cultural formation of the post-Soviet space in the age of globalization. Methodology. The research methods represent theoretical and interpretative models of analysis of the mechanisms of cultural formation in the context of the post-Soviet space of modern culture, in particular, the use of comparative and systematic approaches. The culture of everyday life is viewed in the context of the historical and cultural transformations of the post-totalitarian regime. The scientific novelty is to reveal the peculiarities of the interpretation and interaction of cultures as reflective attitudes, in particular characterized by holism (the primacy of the system) as a system-consolidating turn and anti-holism (the dominant part, subsystems), which attests to the initiatives of the anti-globalist movements. It has been proved that the globalization of culture cannot be described only as an extensive growth of information technologies. The essence is to homogenize and unify the exchange of cultures. Conclusions. Factors of cultural integration in the context of globalization press are identified as an anti-globalization project to counteract capital expansion and cultural colonization. It is proved that the universalization of communication and information space leads to supra-systemic cultural entities (emergence of planetary information government, communicative ethics, synthesism of reception and production of information on the Internet, etc.). The emphasis is put on the formation of a synthetic cultural discipline - totalology, which makes it possible to understand the processes of globalization and integration in the post-Soviet space on the basis of the application of meta cultural analytical tools within the theory of large systems. ; The purpose of the article is an analysis of the cultural formation of the post-Soviet space in the age of globalization. Methodology. The research methods represent theoretical and interpretative models of analysis of the mechanisms of cultural formation in the context of the post-Soviet space of modern culture, in particular, the use of comparative and systematic approaches. The culture of everyday life is viewed in the context of the historical and cultural transformations of the post-totalitarian regime. The scientific novelty is to reveal the peculiarities of the interpretation and interaction of cultures as reflective attitudes, in particular characterized by holism (the primacy of the system) as a system-consolidating turn and anti-holism (the dominant part, subsystems), which attests to the initiatives of the anti-globalist movements. It has been proved that the globalization of culture cannot be described only as an extensive growth of information technologies. The essence is to homogenize and unify the exchange of cultures. Conclusions. Factors of cultural integration in the context of globalization press are identified as an anti-globalization project to counteract capital expansion and cultural colonization. It is proved that the universalization of communication and information space leads to supra-systemic cultural entities (emergence of planetary information government, communicative ethics, synthesism of reception and production of information on the Internet, etc.). The emphasis is put on the formation of a synthetic cultural discipline - totalology, which makes it possible to understand the processes of globalization and integration in the post-Soviet space on the basis of the application of meta cultural analytical tools within the theory of large systems.
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Globalization and integrative factors of the formation of the culture of the post-Soviet space
The purpose of the article is an analysis of the cultural formation of the post-Soviet space in the age of globalization. Methodology. The research methods represent theoretical and interpretative models of analysis of the mechanisms of cultural formation in the context of the post-Soviet space of modern culture, in particular, the use of comparative and systematic approaches. The culture of everyday life is viewed in the context of the historical and cultural transformations of the post-totalitarian regime. The scientific novelty is to reveal the peculiarities of the interpretation and interaction of cultures as reflective attitudes, in particular characterized by holism (the primacy of the system) as a system-consolidating turn and anti-holism (the dominant part, subsystems), which attests to the initiatives of the anti-globalist movements. It has been proved that the globalization of culture cannot be described only as an extensive growth of information technologies. The essence is to homogenize and unify the exchange of cultures. Conclusions. Factors of cultural integration in the context of globalization press are identified as an anti-globalization project to counteract capital expansion and cultural colonization. It is proved that the universalization of communication and information space leads to supra-systemic cultural entities (emergence of planetary information government, communicative ethics, synthesism of reception and production of information on the Internet, etc.). The emphasis is put on the formation of a synthetic cultural discipline - totalology, which makes it possible to understand the processes of globalization and integration in the post-Soviet space on the basis of the application of meta cultural analytical tools within the theory of large systems. ; The purpose of the article is an analysis of the cultural formation of the post-Soviet space in the age of globalization. Methodology. The research methods represent theoretical and interpretative models of analysis of the mechanisms of cultural formation in the context of the post-Soviet space of modern culture, in particular, the use of comparative and systematic approaches. The culture of everyday life is viewed in the context of the historical and cultural transformations of the post-totalitarian regime. The scientific novelty is to reveal the peculiarities of the interpretation and interaction of cultures as reflective attitudes, in particular characterized by holism (the primacy of the system) as a system-consolidating turn and anti-holism (the dominant part, subsystems), which attests to the initiatives of the anti-globalist movements. It has been proved that the globalization of culture cannot be described only as an extensive growth of information technologies. The essence is to homogenize and unify the exchange of cultures. Conclusions. Factors of cultural integration in the context of globalization press are identified as an anti-globalization project to counteract capital expansion and cultural colonization. It is proved that the universalization of communication and information space leads to supra-systemic cultural entities (emergence of planetary information government, communicative ethics, synthesism of reception and production of information on the Internet, etc.). The emphasis is put on the formation of a synthetic cultural discipline - totalology, which makes it possible to understand the processes of globalization and integration in the post-Soviet space on the basis of the application of meta cultural analytical tools within the theory of large systems.
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Paulownia as power culture ; Павловнія як енергетична культура
The interest for production of energy crops, which biomass may be used as renewable fuel have been grown in 70 years of last century after dramatically rising price of fossil fuels. The energy crops growing have been also stimulated by environmental factors and approval some International political initiatives, like White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan and The Kyoto protocol. After some decreasing, the area of energy crops in EU and North America countries are stabilized. In Ukraine in the last few years there is a gradual increase of part of energy consumption of biopropellant from 1.3 % in 2008 to 3.4% in 2018 in the general energy consumption of country. As the most widespread energy cultures biomass of that is used as a biopropellant come forward willow, saccharine sorghum and miscanthus. However, the last years industrial plantations of power direction appeared the paulownias taken under growing. This arboreal culture is mainly presented by the artificially shown out hybrid of Paulownia Clone in of Vitro 112®. Paulownia it quickly grows tree that for today occupies the first places for speeds of increase bio the masses, the not demanding to the agrotechnics growing proof to illnesses and wreckers is suitable for recultivation of exhausted and useless for the conduct of traditional agriculture of soils. It is characterized a softwood that successfully can be used also in furniture industry, green mass has high maintenance of albumen confronted with leguminous cultures. Bio mass of paulownia is suitable for the production of bioethanol (it is possible to get a to 0.5 ton of ethanol from a 1 ton of dry wood) and fuel preforms and пелет (power value 4211.1 kkal/kg). Next to that, a paulownia is a melliferous culture from honey the productivity 700 kg/hectare of ecological honey, as during growing does not require chemical treatments. A paulownia can be useful to 20–50 years. After each the offcutss, that is conducted at any time year with an interval in 4–8, a tree grows. At the proper supervision in 7 it is possible to get a 240–350 m³ of quality wood from 1 hectare. Taking into account the features of growing and power descriptions bio the masses of paulownia her growing will be rational with the aim of receipt of high-energy bio mass and commercial timber, and also as a melliferous culture. ; Інтерес до вирощування енергетичних культур, біомаса яких може бути використана як відновлюване паливо, в європейських країнах виник в 70-і роки минулого сторіччя, що було пов'язано з ростом цін на традиційні енергоносії. Ріст площ, відведених під енергетичні культури, стимулювався політичними рішеннями на міжнародному рівні, а саме такими документами, як План розвитку відновлювальної енергетики в Європі та Кіотський протокол. Після певного спаду площі насаджень енергетичних культур в країнах ЄС і Північної Америки стабілізувались. В Україні за останні роки спостерігається поступове збільшення частки енергоспоживання біопалива від 1,3 % у 2008 році до 3,4 % у 2018 році в загальному енергоспоживанні країни. Найбільш поширеними енергетичними культурами, біомаса яких використовується як біопаливо, виступають верба, цукрове сорго та міскантус. Проте останніми роками з'явились промислові плантації енергетичного напряму, відведені під вирощування павловнії. Дана деревна культура в основному представлена штучно виведеним гібридом Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112®. Павловнія – це швидкоростуче дерево, яке на сьогодні займає перші місця за швидкістю нарощування біомаси, не вимогливе до агротехніки вирощування, стійке до хвороб та шкідників, придатне для рекультивації виснажених та непридатних для ведення традиційного сільського господарства ґрунтів. Характеризується м'якою деревиною, яку успішно можна використовувати також в мебельній промисловості, зелена маса має високий вміст білка. Біомаса павловнії придатна для виробництва біоетанолу (можна отримати з 1 тонни сухої деревини до 0,5 тонни етанолу) та паливних брикетів і пелет (енергетична цінність 4211,1 ккал/кг). Поряд з тим, павлонія є медоносною культурою з медопродуктивністю 700 кг/га екологічного меду, оскільки під час вирощування не вимагає хімічних обробок. Павловнія може бути корисною до 20–50 років. Після кожної обрізки, яку проводять у будь-яку пору року з інтервалом у 4–8 років, дерево відростає. При належному догляді через 7 років можна отримати 240–350 м³ якісної деревини з 1 га. Враховуючи особливості вирощування та енергетичні характеристики біомаси павловнії буде раціональним її вирощування з метою отримання високоенергетичної біомаси та мебельної деревини, а також як медоносної культури.
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The influence of the organization culture on the government servants' professional training in Ukraine
This article examines the phenomenon of organizational culture, its impact on the professional training of civil servants and its role in the management of personnel in the field of public service in general, reviewed the general provisions, definitions and types of this phenomenon, identified a list of functions and methods of influence on the institution of public service, summarized the basic principles of management of organizational culture in the field of public service, The article examines the functions of the organizational culture of the civil service in Ukraine, examines factors and methods of improvement of functioning and development of the organizational culture both in private and state organizations, considers the role and influence of the organizational culture on the professional training of civil servants.
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Професійна культура і безпека: інноваційний підхід до впровадження в медичному закладі
In: European Journal of Management Issues, Heft 5, S. 15-23
The issue of safety culture is one of the most important in a modern medical facility because any problems during the provision of services may lead to irreversible consequences. Not only the patient may suffer, but the doctor who assisted. Unfortunately, very little attention to this issue is paid in Ukraine. Based on this, we can say that the topic is relevant and requires studying. The purpose of writing this article is the analysis of the ways of forming professional safety culture in clinical medicine. The methods by which we carried out scientific research are observation, analysis, evaluation, comparison, generalization. The work examined interpretation of the term "safety culture", types of innovation in which it belongs and the main methods of its creation in the medical field. Safety culture in the medical field involves the right of all health care workers to use measures to prevent actions that can harm a patient or a colleague. Different approaches were considered in the interpretation of the term "safety culture" and we proposed our own: safety culture is a system of values, objectives, knowledge and skills, rules and procedures, convictions shared by representatives of a certain medical profession and supported by patients, creating a favourable working climate, atmosphere of trust and becoming an efficient tool for achieving the goals of the organization. The main components of the safety culture were defined: responsibilities of managers, communication, performance, resources of safety, trust, the degree of job satisfaction, etc. Based on several studies, it was found that no country has a perfect medical system. Every system should be improved. We proposed measures to fix the situation with the safety culture in health care facilities. The correct management of safety can eliminate or fix many medical errors. That is why the need for a clear program of implementation, execution and control of SC in the medical establishment is necessary. Scientific novelty of this work lies in the interpretation of the term "safety culture" at medical institutions and in determining major steps towards its creation. Practical value of the work is the opportunity to implement these steps in medical institutions for improvement of the safety culture and, therefore, to reduce the risk of bad accidents during treatment. Further research can address safety culture management in medical institutions on the examples from the experience of countries with effective systems of health care.