Suchergebnisse

Abstract
To date, servility and servile systems in Babylonia have been explored with the traditional lexical approach of Assyriology. If one examines servility as an aggregate phenomenon, these subjects can be investigated on a much larger scale with quantitative approaches. Using servile populations as a point of departure, this paper applies both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore Babylonian population dynamics in general; especially morbidity, mortality, and ages at which Babylonians experienced important life events. As such, it can be added to the handful of publications that have sought basic demographic data in the cuneiform record, and therefore has value to those scholars who are also interested in migration and settlement. It suggests that the origins of servile systems in Babylonia can be explained with the Nieboer-Domar hypothesis, which proposes that large-scale systems of bondage will arise in regions with plentiful land but few workers. Once established, these systems persisted and were reinforced through Babylonia's high balance mortality, political ideologies, economic incentives, and social structures.

The text that we are going to study is considered one of the well-known writings which is usually known as " bricks inauguration " in buildings, palaces and temples and they are in the form of stamp or inscription. This type of cuneiform is codified as memorial models to indicate to the kind of construction and discrimination in terms of inauguration or re- construction and the impact that we are going to study a brick stone its total dimensions 27.2 cm. long , 22.3 cm. wide and 5.5 cm. thickness , written on it the cuneiform text belong to the period of the king, "Shalmaneser I " (1274 - 1245 BC. ) . the text consists of six lines of writing in Akkadian- Assyrian languages. a person found it on an unknown ancient hill which is now represent a cemetery which people of the region buried their dead for decades .it located within the boundaries of a village known as " Bastam " about 20 km to the north of the famous ancient city of Nimrud , on the east bank of the River " Upper Zab" within the boundaries of the city, "Kalak" in Erbil governorate .
The importance of the text shown on the brick that it revealed to us the location of the important archaeological City for the researchers and those who specialize in archaeology . that is the city of "Kilizi " which was one of the Assyrian cities connected with other Assyrian cities in the northern Mesopotamia and the to discover what they had included contributes to increase information on the Assyrian state during its middle period. So my call is an urgent need to preview this archaeological hill and stand on the discovering archaeological remains and their buildings' foundations.

This article poses a question concerning the possible source(s) of the appearance, in an eleventh-century-BCE Egyptian narrative, of a legal injunction that, surprisingly, finds its closest written analogue in eighteenth-century Babylonian law. The author attempts to answer that question by postulating that the long process of idea transfer could have been facilitated by the Hurrians, a very culturally influential people often overlooked in general studies and discussions of the ancient Near East. This possible cuneiform legal presence in "The Report of Wenamun" (P. Moscow 120) concerns a Babylonian juridical concept known as šurqa(m) mullû(m), which involves, under particular conditions, the replenishment of the value of stolen goods to a victim of theft through municipal compensation. This concept is found on the law stele of Babylonian ruler Hammurabi, as well as in the laws of the Hurrian-influenced Hittites and the Hurrian-controlled municipality of Nuzi in the northeastern Mesopotamian kingdom of Arrapha. The potential Hurrian influence inside the pharaonic palace of Egypt, through royal marriages in the fifteenth, fourteenth, and thirteenth centuries, will also be discussed.

يعد النص الذي نحن بصدد دراسته من بين الكتابات المعروفة والتي عادة ما تعرف بـ "لوحات أو طابوق التدشين" في أبنية القصور والمعابد، والتي تكون على شكل ختم (Stamp) او كتابة نصية (Inscription)، وهذا النوع من الكتابات المسمارية يتم تدوينه كنماذج تذكارية للدلالة على البناء وتمييز نوعه من حيث التدشين او اعادة البناء.
والأثر الذي نحن بصدد دراسته عبارة عن آجره (طابوقة) حجرية أبعادها الكلية 27,2 سم طولا و22,3 سم عرضا و5,5 سم سمكا، دون عليها نص مسماري يعود للملك "شلمنصر الأول" (1274 ـ 1245 ق.م)، ويتألف النص من ستة اسطر باللغة الاكدية ـ الآشورية.عثر عليه احد الأشخاص على تل اثري غير مشهور يمثل الآن مقبرة، دفن فيها أهالي المنطقة موتاهم على مدى عشرات السنين، يقع ضمن حدود قرية تعرف باسم"باستام" (Bastam)، تبعد حوالي 20 كلم إلى الشمال من مدينة نمرود الأثرية المشهورة، على الضفة الشرقية لنهر "الزاب الأعلى" ضمن حدود مدينة "كلك" (خبات) بمحافظة أربيل.
وتكمن اهمية النص المدون على الطابوقة في انه كشف لنا عن موقع مدينة اثرية مهمة في نظر الباحثين والمتخصصين بالآثار وهي مدينة "كيليزي" والتي تعد من المدن الاشورية المرتبطة بمدن آشورية اخرى في شمال بلاد الرافدين والكشف عن ماتحويه من أثار وابنية يساهم في زيادة المعلومات عن الدولة الاشورية في عصرها الوسيط. لذا فان دعوتي ملحة إلى ضرورة معاينة هذا التل الأثر ي والوقوف على كشف بقاياه الأثرية وأسس أبنيته