Questo libretto presenta la "Piattaforma d'Azione di Chennai" per il potenziamento del contributo delle risorse fitogenetiche per il raggiungimento degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo del Millennio (MDGs), in particolare quelli suula riduzione di fame e povertà. Il piano d'azione descritto in questo libretto intende aiutare i governi nazionali e le agenzie internazionali a raggiungere il dimezzamento di fame e povertà entro il 2015. Il documento promuove il principio di dare alla biodiversità agraria maggiore importanza nelle strategie di sviluppo nazionali e internazionali e quello di creare condizioni necessarie per politiche di uso sostenibile di tale ricchezza a beneficio dei più poveri e degli emarginati della nostra società. Il piano d'azione fa appello ad una maggiore collaborazione internazionale nella conservazione e nell'uso sostenibile ed equo dei benefici derivanti dall'uso della biodiversità agraria. Sottolinea altresì il bisogno urgente di azione per il raggiungimento dei MDGs nei modi appropriati ai vari contesti nazionali.
Nowadays energy transition is a recurring topic, which describes the process of an energy system moving from fossil-based sources towards renewables. The transition can unfold at different levels, from the single initiative of a local com-munity to a complex cross-border agreement. The latter type is well represented by EUSALP, the European macro-regional strategy for the Alpine region. One of its aims is to transform its territory into a model region for energy efficiency and renewable energy. To support a well-informed decision making process, this study provides the first insight about the status quo of energy balances in EUSALP, at local as well as aggregated level. Moreover, it offers an overview on the various energy targets defined by the territorial units that constitute the EUSALP region. Data has been retrieved via a bottom-up quality-oriented process consisting of (i) a survey targeted at responsible person in local energy departments; and (ii) data control and harmonization. We found that the EUSALP region is actually a model region only in clean power production, whereas starting point as well as energy targets of territories are highly heterogeneous. We al-so identified the need of more harmonized data collection methodologies. We conclude that this bottom-up process can support and legitimate policy makers in cross-border cooperation activities under a smart macro-regional energy strategy, which pursues an increment in energy savings, renewable energy production and a broad engagement of relevant stakeholders. DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.16.13
University of Illinois bookplate: "From the library of Conte Antonio Cavagna Sangiuliani di Gualdana Lazelada di Bereguardo, purchased 1921". ; Signatures: A-D⁴. ; Title vignette (coat of arms of Carignano). ; Last leaf blank. ; Mode of access: Internet.
La rivoluzione informatica ha avuto conseguenze enormi sullo sviluppo della città contemporanea. Al layer fisico della città si è andato via via sovrapponendo il layer immateriale dell'informazione, tanto che oggi qualsiasi discorso sulla città contemporanea non può prescindere da un discorso sulla connettività, le reti e i dati generati in questo nuovo ecosistema. Negli ultimi decenni tanto lo spazio fisico delle nostre città che quello informatico hanno seguito la traiettoria comune del modello neoliberista, all'insegna della privatizzazione. L'infrastruttura informatica, materiale e immateriale, è del tutto strategica e deve essere considerata come bene comune. Alcune città a livello mondiale hanno inserito nelle loro agende il diritto al digitale, la sovranità digitale e la democratizzazione dei dati. Anche il Comune di Roma, nell'ambito del Piano Smart City si sta dotando di una piattaforma per la raccolta, l'aggregazione e la condivisione dei dati generati nella città (Roma Data Platform). Sebbene si tratti di un passo importante nella direzione di una governance digitale equa, democratica e inclusiva, il rischio concreto è che la nuova piattaforma costituisca un vantaggio principalmente per le istituzioni e per le aziende private, e che i cittadini vengano lasciati indietro, beneficiandone - forse - in maniera passiva e indiretta. ; The information revolution has had enormous consequences on the development of the contemporary city. The immaterial layer of information has gradually been superimposed on the physical layer of the city, so much so that today any discourse on the contemporary city cannot ignore a discourse on connectivity, networks and data generated in this new ecosystem. In recent decades, both the physical space of our cities and the digital space have followed the common trajectory of the neoliberal model, under the banner of privatization. The IT infrastructure, tangible and intangible, is completely strategic and must be considered as a common good. Some cities around the world have included the right to digital, digital sovereignty and the democratization of data on their agendas. The Municipality of Rome, as part of the Smart City Plan, is also equipping itself with a platform for the collection, aggregation and sharing of data generated in the city (Rome Data Platform). Although this is an important step in the direction of equitable, democratic and inclusive digital governance, the real risk is that the new platform will benefit mainly institutions and private companies, and that citizens will be left behind, benefiting from it perhaps just passively and indirectly.
University of Illinois bookplate: "From the library of Conte Antonio Cavagna Sangiuliani di Gualdana Lazelada di Bereguardo, purchased 1921". ; Publication date conjectured from publication date of work in the Giornale euganeo di scienze, lettere ed arti. ; Caption title. ; Name of author found on p. 19. ; Mode of access: Internet.
'informazione costituisce, attualmente, una delle principali risorse economiche del processo produttivo e, di conseguenza, le attività di raccolta, selezione e monitoraggio dei dati personali assumono una fondamentale rilevanza poichè rivolte alla capillare targettizzazione e fidelizzazione del consumatore. In questa direzione, la privacy, da tutela individualistica del diritto ad essere lasciati soli, assume il significato di diritto al pieno controllo delle informazioni personali. L'analisi dei Big Data si spinge sino alla ricerca e all'esame di ogni possibile correlazione tra i dati e gli algoritmi impiegati nei processi decisionali. Se l'uso cooperativo e partecipato nella sfera pubblica di alcune tipologie di Big Data può rivestire un sicuro interesse sociale, in altri casi l'utilizzo di tali conoscenze solleva notevoli criticità concernenti la tutela dei dati personali, il loro sfruttamento economico, la presenza di un'effettiva consapevolezza e libertà nella manifestazione del consenso al loro trattamento. Ulteriori incognite, conseguite all'impiego dei Big Data, sono rappresentate dalla polarizzazione dell'informazione in capo a pochi intermediari digitali che palesa tutta l'asimmetria tra chi offre il servizio informativo e il suo fruitore, aggravata dall'intrasparenza e dalla selettività dei criteri posti alla base del funzionamento dell'algoritmo, problematiche che si riflettono sulla piena esplicazione dei diritti di libertà e sul futuro della democrazia. Si mostra, allora, tutta l'urgenza di un'efficace regolazione dei Big Data e, più in generale, delle informazioni personali circolanti online, ispirata ai valori costituzionalmente garantiti e diretta alla tutela dell'individuo dall'impiego improprio delle tecnologie informatiche, nella prospettiva di un'innovativa delineazione di modelli di cittadinanza digitale attiva, a fondamento di un'effettiva libertà di costruzione personale. ; Information is currently one of the main economic resources of the production process and, consequently, the collection, selection and monitoring of personal data assume a fundamental importance as they are aimed at capillary consumer targeting and retention. In this direction, privacy, from individualistic protection of the right to be left alone, takes on the meaning of the right to full control of personal information. The Big Data analysis goes as far as searching and examining any possible correlation between the data and the algorithms used in the decision-making processes. If the cooperative and participatory use in the public sphere of some types of Big Data can be of certain social interest, in other cases the use of such knowledge raises significant critical issues concerning the protection of personal data, their economic exploitation, the presence of an effective awareness and freedom in the manifestation of consent to their treatment. Further unknowns, resulting from the use of Big Data, are represented by the polarization of information by a few digital intermediaries that reveals all the asymmetry between those who offer the information service and its user, aggravated by the transparency and the selectivity of the criteria places at the base of the functioning of the algorithm, problems that are reflected on the full explanation of the rights of freedom and on the future of democracy. All the urgency of an effective regulation of Big Data and, more generally, of personal information circulating online, inspired by the constitutionally guaranteed values and directed to the protection of the individual from the improper use of information technology, is shown in the the prospect of an innovative delineation of models of active digital citizenship which are the foundation of an effective freedom of personal construction.
Surveillance, understood as the collection of information about populations for supervision purposes, is a critical technique of social control. As such, it can reveal important features of the power that exercises it. The article analyses two contemporary surveillance measures in Europe: the Schengen Information System and the Directive 2006/24/EC on data retention. The analysis aims to identify the structural characteristics of the changing power of the European Union and the role security plays in it. The main thesis is that security is a key element of the legitimacy claim of the expanding power of the European Union.
The Digital Age brings along some relevant changes for lawyers and jurists. As a matter of fact, modern technologies invention and their diffusion cause specific requirements in order to protect the right of privacy because of the huge collection of individual's information. Today, the concept of privacy is changing: the right to be let alone evolves in personal data protection. The aim of this thesis is to propose and explain the innovative approach of privacy by design. This new methodology for privacy protection may be an efficient solution for technologies challenges and may increase law enforcement. The starting point is certainly the law and his power to conform technology with the regulative system. Privacy by design approach has as a goal to design and develop a system, a product or a service in a way that supports and materializes privacy principles, rules and values. Privacy measures are embedded into the design and the architecture of ICT systems and business practices. Privacy by design is characterized by proactive technical and organizational measures in time for preventing privacy infractions in each situation and for better safeguarding data collection and data security. The concept requires more respect for user privacy, keeping it central. The idea of privacy by design arose in Canada thanks to the Commissioner Ann Cavoukian and then became an international principle for privacy protection. It is even used by Federal Trade Commission and Canadians Commissioners in few procedures. Nowadays some norms explicitly require privacy by design; this is the case of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union published in 2016. The main goal of this work is to analyze the principle in a critical, comparative and interdisciplinary way, considering the historical point of view, the regulatory interventions and the case law. The analysis might be useful for understanding and implementing the approach in more countries, taking into account the benefits and the level of criticality. It is necessary to give some guidelines for the real implementation of privacy by design, looking at the future, and to find a norm that can be applied all over the word; in fact, it is urgent to find a global solution for privacy concerns. Privacy by design won't be the unique solution for privacy protection, but it will be essential for his future. This principle will safeguard better individual rights through a coherent and whole method. Designing privacy-friendly the technology means guarantee the other fundamental rights even more
Public administration, strategic management and organizational behaviour have found an intersection in behavioural microfoundation of dynamic capabilities. The aspects are treated through literature reviews and empirical analyses. The attention is on public organizations. Municipalities are characterized by proximity to external stakeholders and the possibility to apply strategic concepts, such as dynamic capabilities. Two dynamic capabilities are relevant: innovation and ambidexterity. The thesis defines these constructs and studies their antecedents. In microfoundation, two major fields are cognitive capabilities and social capital. A survey is administered in Italian local governments. Data collection is significant: 551 municipal employees working in 50 municipalities. The results confirm that cognitive capabilities, mindfulness and political skills, and social capital, internal and external, may have positive effects on individual dynamic capabilities in local governments.
This dataset contains the underlying data of the following article that has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Adolescent Research: Albanesi, C., Prati, G., Guarino A., Cicognani, E., (in press) SCHOOL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION THROUGH YPAR: WHAT WORKS? A MIXED METHOD STUDY IN ITALY. Journal of Adolescent Research The dataset consists of quantitative and qualitative data. Longitudinal quantitative data were collected in Italy within Work Package 9 of the Horizon 2020 research project CATCH EyoU (Constructing AcTive CitizensHip with European YOUth: Policies, Practices, Challenges and Solutions). The sample consists of 56 Italian students who completed the fours waves. The dataset was used in the analysis of evaluation of the school intervention based on YPAR approach, considering school climate, quality of participation and peer norms. The four times of data collection are identified by the following letters: T1 (October 2016) = all variables with "A"; T2 (May 2017) = all variables with "KA"; T3 (October 2017) = all variables with "B"; T4 (May 2018) = all variables with "KB" The National report contains the evaluation of the overall school intervention, integrating qualitative and quantitative data. This data is made available for open access in compliance with H2020 Program regulation, following the guidelines stipulated by the Data Management Plan adopted by the CATCH-EyoU research project.
Almost twenty years have passed since the approval of the first international treaty against human trafficking, the so-called Palermo Protocol. After that, given the centrality of Europe in the last migratory flows and its historical commitment to the respect and protection of human rights, the European Union has rationalized its efforts against this tremendous crime, creating special task forces and beginning an interesting and unique data collection process. Unfortunately, such a process has not been immune from methodological problems and delay that have hampered the research and knowledge of the phenomenon. As a matter of fact, too little is still known about the determinants of trafficking in human beings within Europe and the quality and availability of data is still an issue in the field. Nevertheless, this thesis, using a novel panel dataset constructed from Eurostat statistical working papers on human trafficking, aims precisely at given a deeper insights on the factors which might explain why this phenomenon is pervasive in the European Union and what are the factors that explain high number of victims in some european countries.