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The Northern Territory Weed Data Collection Manual provides standards and guidelines to assist data managers, researchers and land management agencies to utilise weed data held by the Northern Territory Government and to allow them to contribute weed data in the most effective way. The Manual provides a procedure for weed data collection and management that is flexible enough for varying needs of individual land managers but retains enough structure to allow wide scale planning and reporting. - Introduction ; Section One: Introduction -- Weed data collection -- Attributes for weed data collection -- Field assessment of weed infestations -- Appendix A-D. Section Two: Introduction -- Contents -- Data descriptions - core attributes - recommended attributes -- optional attributes -- Northern Territory weed species list. ; Section one: Provides an overview of weed data collection and management. Section two: Provides technical data description for the NT weeds dataset and contains metadata, a data dictionary, and a comprehensive list of NT weed species and their status.

Every year millions of digital records containing personally identifiable information are exposed. When are malicious hackers to blame, and when is it organizational malfeasance? Which kinds of organizations—private firms, government agencies, or educational institutions—loose the most data? With over 1.9 billion records lost (on average that's 9 records per U.S. adult), a surprising number of the breaches can be attributed to organizational practices.

This note provides an overview of existing data sources on international migration from and to Ukraine and sets out their main limitations. These sources include population censuses, administrative records, household surveys and data from the state authorities responsible for migration data collection and management. The Ukraine State Department of Citizenship, Immigration and Registration (under the Ministry of Interior) is currently the key authority with respect to the registration of Ukrainian nationals going abroad permanently and for foreign nationals residing in Ukraine. It is also responsible for the issuance of temporary and permanent residence permits and for the granting of citizenship. The Ministry of Social Policy, through its Public Employment Centers, issues work permits. The consular services of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are responsible for issuance of visas outside Ukraine and for the registration of Ukrainian nationals residing abroad. It is planned that most of the tasks in the fields of citizenship policy, immigration, registration and asylum will be performed by one institution ? the recently re-established State Migration Service of Ukraine. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Migration data collection within Russia has significantly improved in recent years. A set of laws and administrative decrees launched in 2002-2010 have updated the system of migrant registration and have improved communication channels between data collecting administrative bodies (Ministry of Interior, Federal Migration Service, Border Service, etc.) and the Federal Statistical Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat). In 2009, the elaboration of the Integrated System of Migration Data (Gosudarstvennaya Informatsionnaya Systema Migratsionnogo Ucheta - GISMU) was finalized. Its core is the Centralized databank on foreign nationals (Centralny bank dannykh ucheta inostrannykh grajdan - CBDUIG) that carries both personal and statistical information. Collection of migration data focuses mainly on migrants' flows, while data on migrant stocks are an object for population censuses only. Russian statistical sources usually separate data on migration exchange with the post-Soviet countries (CIS & Baltic countries and Georgia) (novoye zarubejye) from data on all other countries (staroye zarubejye). This division is fundamental because of differences in migration flows between Russia and the two groups of countries in terms of nature, scale, structure, as well as the migration regulations applied. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

The national recording system for international migration in Georgia is essentially unregulated. This is due both to the complexity of migration registration and by the grave situation in the country at the time of statistics reform in Georgia. Unfortunately, in the post-Soviet years, with economic collapse and political chaos statistical registration in the country was disrupted and even if social and economic recovery started only recently there, statistics were not relevant to the contemporary situation. As to migration flows, the strict registration of people?s movement was still in effect in the first years of the post-Soviet period. Statistical services received tags from so-called ?registration sheets.? Migrants could not change their place of residence without applying to the passport service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Liberalization of people?s movement given the absence of a population register made the process of registration unmanageable. Today, few changes have been implemented to improve the data collection system. The legal basis of official statistics is extremely weak. The current law on statistics is a copy of other countries? laws. It is imperfect and does not provide the necessary information, not allowing that information to be obtained or processed properly. The abolition of statistical services in administrative regions in order to ?economize? on staff and to reduce expenses on statistics substantially worsened the obtaining of primary statistical information being Georgia characterized by sharp regional differences. It is unfortunate that current statistical service is more oriented to the demands of consumers outside the country. The statistics reflecting the situation inside the country does not come close to the demands of scientists Linkages between the Department of Statistics of Georgia and academic circles are very weak. Against a background of general reforms, the reforms made in the system of statistics are ineffective. Its personnel are few and frequently poorly motivated. It is obvious that the statistical service is in need of legal, organizational and structural reform with functional expansion and better human resources. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

National statistics (official data) in Ukraine on migration issues include state statistics, such as information collected by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and ministerial statistics, and data collected by the ministries and state agencies on given aspects of migration. Here and below all the institutional establishments in Ukraine are listed under their current names: in April 2011 a complete reorganisation of these authorities was made, and a number of establishments were renamed or combined with other establishments. In 2012, the Ministry of Revenue and Duties of Ukraine was established by a merging of the State Tax Service and the State Customs Service of Ukraine. In 2013, the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine was divided into the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Sensor nodes have limited processing power, small storage capacity and limited energy. These constraints make classical security algorithms unsuitable for WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). Therefore, new techniques that consider these limitations are needed. WSNs have a wide range of applications, including military field surveillance, healthcare, homeland security, industrial control, and intelligent green aircraft. Therefore, network security has become increasingly important. There are various types of attacks that may cause security problems, such as modification attacks and selective forwarding attacks. This thesis investigates three security problems in WSNs. Firstly, we investigate the problem of minimizing the failure rate of packet delivery in the presence of modification attacks and selective forwarding attacks in a static WSN with one base station without using expensive encryption/decryption algorithms. We propose a novel heuristic approach to this problem. Our approach is based on randomized multipath routing. Secondly, we investigate the problem of constructing a shortest path overhearing tree with the maximum lifetime for data collection. We propose three approaches for homogeneous WSNs and heterogeneous WSNs. The first one is a polynomial-time heuristic approach. The second one uses ILP (Integer Linear Programming) to iteratively find a monitoring node and a parent for each sensor node. The last one optimally solves the problem by using MINLP (Mixed- Integer Non-Linear Programming). Lastly, we investigate the reliable and secure end-to-end data aggregation problem considering selective forwarding attacks and modification attacks in homogeneous cluster-based WSNs, and propose three data aggregation approaches which can defend against both modification attacks and selective forwarding attacks. Our approaches use secret sharing and signatures to allow aggregators to aggregate the data without understanding the contents of messages and the base station to verify the aggregated data and retrieve the ...

Data collections and acquisitions in the electronic age are increasingly unique globally. But the growing equity in access to data for effective information service delivery and global relevance is a serious import of this study. Therefore, the effect of current economic and political challenges in Nigeria to the community of data, and the need to bridge the gap in literature is imperative. The purpose of the study is to determine the extent to which health libraries in the South-West, Nigeria have formalized data collections and acquisitions in the electronic age and to highlight the guidelines and policies used for collection and acquisition in the electronic age as against the traditional purchasing models. And, to determine the extent of current challenges on collection development and acquisitions for improve access to relevant data. There are scores of medical/health libraries in the south west of Nigeria but the guidelines for collections and acquisitions for effective information service delivery is underdeveloped. Giving the growing importance of this study, a questionnaire and interview approach will be explored to gather data from the Sectional heads and the Medical/Health Library Directors.

Currently, at least 10 Moldovan ministries and institutions deal with various international migration issues. In addition most of the local delegations of international institutions, numerous NGOs and several foreign embassies are involved in programs which involve international migration. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

This paper identifies and describes current and recent efforts at the institutional, state, regional, and national levels to collect individual student data for tracking progress in postsecondary education in order to provide comprehensive information on promising and usable efforts to collect data. This effort was conducted by the Educational Policy Institute in collaboration with the AAAS Center for Advancing Science & Engineering Capacity with support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. ; The Educational Policy Institute

This article describes the development of a mobile roadside survey procedure for obtaining corroboration data for the remote sensing of agricultural land use practices. The key objective was to produce a dataset of geo-referenced roadside digital images that can be used to compare to in-field photos for measuring agricultural land use and land cover associated with crop residue and cover cropping in the non-growing season. It was concluded that a very high level of correspondence (> 90 % level of agreement) could be attained using a mobile survey vehicle, as presented in this research, to detailed in-field ground verification data. Classification correspondence was carried out against 114 field sites with a level of agreement at 93 %. The few discrepancies were in the differentiation of residue levels between 30–60 % and > 60 %, both of which may be considered as achieving conservation practice standards. The mobile roadside image capture has advantages of relatively low cost and insensitivity to cloudy days, which often limits optical remote sensing acquisitions during the study period of interest. We anticipate that this approach can be used to reduce associated field costs for ground surveys, while expanding coverage areas and may be of interest to industry, academic and government organizations for more routine surveys of agricultural soil cover during periods of seasonal cloud cover.

Poverty and social inclusion have constantly been hot topics on political and social agendas and hence the importance of survey data availability in coping with poverty is widely recognised. Empirical evi­dence is one of the main pillars for effective policy making. In order to study the dimensions and dynamics of poverty, and hence to take aim at reducing poverty - quality, adequacy, and timeliness of data is mission-critical. Appropriate and overarching data can bring the situation of the poor into the sight of policy makers. The poorest and most marginalised people are usually unknown and governments have insufficient information about their living conditions. Nevertheless, they are expected to be under the radar of policy makers in order to achieve the Europe 2020 target (reduction by 20 million) as well as the Sustainable Development Goal of zero extreme poverty in the next 15 years (Granoff et al., 2015). Besides administrative records and censuses, national and international surveys are significant data resources for quantitative research. Although household surveys have been on the rise both in quan­tity and frequency over the past 30 years, poverty data still lags behind in coverage and comparability compared to most other socio-economic data. Serajuddin et al. (2015) use the label of 'data depriva­tion' for the data gap in key dimensions of human and social development. In our context, we refer to the data gaps in poverty research to investigate particularly vulnerable groups - or, to put it more positively, we aim to identify priorities for data collection in the coming years. Admittedly, great progress has been made across time and a variety of data sources are currently available. Nevertheless, research interests evolve as the 'information frontiers' are moving: a shift can be observed from merely descriptive research towards analysis and policy evaluation. The changes in paradigms and theoretical approaches (e.g. life course perspective, multilevel governance) as well as the availability of more ...

For over 65 years, the American National Election Studies (ANES) has produced high quality data on voting, public opinion, and political participation. Most recently, attention has turned to creating an environment that will allow us to not only produce high quality metadata for the research community, but to also better integrate the creation and use of metadata throughout the lifecycle of our research. On our own, we have taken steps to create tools that allow for more efficient questionnaire development using metadata. This presentation will provide a brief history of our efforts to provide the highest quality of data and metadata and how this current collaboration is further advancing these efforts.

Accurate and timely data on COVID-19 are essential to understand the pandemic and guide policy decisions.1 Several countries openly release coherent and exhaustive daily updates of age-specific and sex-specific COVID-19 cases, deaths, hospitalisations and, more recently, vaccinations, whereas other countries still have trouble providing detailed and harmonised data.2 The pandemic is currently producing an extremely high incidence of cases due to the Omicron variant, especially in Europe. On Jan 11, 2022, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, forecasted that more than 50% of the population in Europe would be infected with Omicron in the next 6–8 weeks.3 Despite this forecast, some European governments are considering treating COVID-19 as an endemic illness. This change would establish an epidemiological surveillance system similar to those used for primary-care sentinel influenza-like illnesses, prompting a substantial loss of follow-up in data collection of the usual daily indicators (eg, incident cases, hospitalisations, intensive care unit admissions, and deaths) and contact tracing. Moreover, breaking key time-trends in the current indicators would make evaluating future health policy interventions, analysing vaccination procedures, and comparing outcomes across countries and over time challenging. Post COVID-19 condition, known as long COVID, has been well established to occur in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID usually occurs 3 months after the onset of COVID-19, with symptoms that last for at least 2 months that cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis.4 A substantial number of people with COVID-19 have long COVID. WHO estimates that about 20% of people with COVID-19 have continuing symptoms 4–5 weeks after testing positive, and 10% have symptoms after 12 weeks.4 However, most studies focus on symptomatology, and surveillance of long COVID is not yet routine in European countries. Consequently, detailed population data is necessary to understand the prevalence and mechanisms of long COVID in different population groups, patients' needs in health and social services, and the economic consequences. It is crucial to continue collecting daily data for the current morbidity, mortality, and vaccination indicators through the following stages of the pandemic, because treating COVID-19 as an endemic illness does not make it harmless.5 COVID-19 data should also be linked with national health and social registries to monitor the effect of current and potential new variants and the effect of long COVID on the population. We declare no competing interests. ; Peer reviewed