Suchergebnisse

Rezultati kvantitativnih i bibliometrijskih istraživanja, kao i odluke koje na temelju tih rezultata mogu proizaći i utjecati na određene politike, uvelike ovise o kvaliteti ulaznih podataka preuzetih iz bibliografskih i citatnih baza. Ova je tvrdnja izravno povezana s velikim brojem bibliometrijskih i scientometrijskih istraživanja koja nekritički preuzimaju podatke iz bibliografskih i citatnih baza WoS – Web of Science ili Scopus. U ovome istraživanju, koje je rađeno u okviru hrvatskoga nacionalnog projekta Research activity, collaboration and orientation in social sciences in Croatia and other post-socialist European countries – RACOSS, voditeljice dr. sc. Maje Jokić, analizirana je uloga klasifikacijskoga sustava kod preuzimanja i obrade podataka, odnosno donošenja zaključaka. Preuzeti bibliografski zapisi, objavljeni u 4 896 časopisa, rezultat su strategije pretraživanja znanstvene produktivnosti i citiranosti znanstvenika iz društvenih znanosti u 15 europskih postsocijalističkih zemlja (Bugarska, Hrvatska, Češka, Estonija, Mađarska, Latvija, Litva, Poljska, Rumunjska, Slovačka, Slovenija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Sjeverna Makedonija, Crna Gora i Srbija) od 1996. do 2013. godine. Scopus svoju klasifikaciju znanosti temelji na predmetnoj i sadržajnoj orijentaciji indeksiranih časopisa. Različitost klasifikacijskoga sustava koji koristi Scopusovu klasifikaciju određene zemlje može dovesti do krive interpretacije na temelju prikupljenih podataka. U radu smo napravili analizu časopisa i radova, a usporedna analiza pripadnosti pojedinoga časopisa području društvenih znanosti rađena je na temelju Scopusa i hrvatske klasifikacije društvenih znanosti, koja se temelji na OECD Frascati fields of science. Nakon što su predmetni stručnjaci provjerili časopise i usporedili ih s klasifikacijskim sustavom koji se koristi u Hrvatskoj, početni uzorak za pouzdane bibliometrijske analize smanjio se na udio od 44 %. Pripadnost pojedinomu području rađena je na temelju predmetne i sadržajne orijentacije indeksiranih časopisa. Da bi se dobili radovi koji pripadaju samo društvenim znanostima, potrebno je, osim filtriranja pojedinih znanstvenih polja, i ručno provjeriti pripadnost časopisa određenomu području. Tako se, osim bitno manjega broja radova i časopisa, pojavila i bitna razlika i u citiranosti. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja upozoriti istraživače na moguće i stvarne nedostatke ulaznih podataka koji se koriste za vrjednovanje na primjeru uzorka baze Scopus, koja je relativno pouzdan izvor podataka za bibliometrijska istraživanja. ; Results of quantitative and bibliometric research, as well as decisions that might be made on the basis of those results and influence on certain policies, greatly depend on the quality of input data downloaded from bibliometric and citation databases. This assertion is directly connected to a high number of bibliometric and scientometric research that uncritically download data from bibliographic and citation databases, WoS – Web of Science or Scopus. This research, which has been conducted in the framework of the Croatian national project Research activity, collaboration and orientation in social sciences in Croatia and other post-socialist European countries – RACOSS, lead by Maja Jokic, PhD, analyzes the role of the classification system in downloading and processing data, i.e. making conclusions. Bibliographic records, downloaded in the period from 1996 to 2013, published in 4896 journals, represent the result of strategy on searching the scientific productivity and citation index of social scientists from 15 European post-socialist countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia). Classification of science by Scopus is based on the subject and content orientation of indexed journals. Diversity of classification system that uses the Scopus classification of a certain country can cause wrong interpretation on the basis of collected data. In this paper we made the analysis of journals and papers, and contrastive analysis of a certain journal affiliation to the field of social sciences was made on the basis of Scopus and Croatian classification of social sciences based on OECD Frascati fields of science. After the experts in this area had checked the journals and compared them to the classification system used in Croatia, the initial sample for reliable bibliometric analyses decreased to the portion of 44%. Affiliation to a certain field was made on the basis of the subject and content orientation of the indexed journals. Besides filtration of scientific fields, it is necessary to check the affiliation of a journal to the certain field by hand in order to get papers that belong only to social sciences. In this way there appeared a significant difference in the citation index additionally to lower number of papers and journals. The aim of this research is to warn researchers to possible and real deficiencies of input data used for evaluation on the example of the Scopus database, which is relatively reliable source of data for bibliometric research.

Kao povijesno-kulturne ustanove, arhivi prikupljaju, obrađuju i daju na korištenje različite kategorije podataka sadržanih u arhivskom gradivu, vodeći se pritom domaćim i međunarodnim stručnim standardima, pravnom regulativom i dobrom praksom. Jedna od znatnije zastupljenih kategorija su osobni podatci građana, o kojima se u recentnoj stručnoj literaturi najviše pisalo s aspekta njihove dostupnosti, tj. uvjeta i načina korištenja. U ovom članku analiziraju se i naglašavaju neki praktični i etički aspekti u vezi s opisivanjem arhivskih fondova i zbirki koji sadrže takve podatke, posebno u kontekstu primjene Opće uredbe o zaštiti podataka (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR). Daje se i pregled preporuka koje je u listopadu 2018. izradila Europska arhivska grupa (European Archives Group, EAG) kao pomoć europskoj arhivskoj službi u implementaciji te Uredbe. Time se nastoji dati poticaj za daljnju znanstvenu i stručnu obradu te teme, posebno u vidu izrade odgovarajućega nacionalnoga priručnika za opis arhivskoga gradiva koje sadrži osobne podatke i druge kategorije ograničeno dostupnih podataka u kojem bi primjena normi i važećih propisa bila ilustrirana odgovarajućim praktičnim primjerima. ; In order to present archival records they store and facilitate their usage archives produce various types of finding aids. Previously these finding aids were accessible in Croatian archives in archival reading rooms in printed form, whereas in recent times they have become more accessible in digital form on websites of archives or on network information systems. In this way the descriptions of archival records become publicly available to a large number of users, without geographical or time constraints, by which archives mostly do not possess tools or resources to monitor the manner users further dispose of that descriptive data. This further reinforces the practical and ethical issues regarding the formation of archival description in a way that it provides the whole information on records' contents and the context of their creation, without hiding (omitting) and at the same time does not reveal data responsible for the possible limited availability of records. For the last twenty years Croatia has been applying ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF), the international archival standards for describing archival records. Despite that, there are departures in practice and misgivings regarding the interpretation of contents and the role of individual descriptive elements, as well as the structure of finding aids. Such departures are also expected in the segment that describes personal data, bearing in mind that both ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF) contain general rules without particular guidelines for the description of archival records containing data with limited availability. Misgivings in practice can result in a passive approach in processing and describing personal data which can, for example, manifest by producing finding aids only for internal needs (without making them available to users), ignoring or (un)intentionally withholding information on the existence of personal data in archival records and terms of their availability. Since 2018 Croatia has been applying two new provisions that are important in the context of the processing and description of personal data in archival records. They are the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Act on Archival Records and Archives. The paper describes in detail and compares some of the principles from these two provisions and analyses their influence on the current practice of description of personal data in archival records (defining personal data, processing the data of deceased individuals, the principle of reducing the quantity of data, encouraging the acquirement of data that is important for raising awareness of totalitarian and undemocratic regimes and their consequences). With regard to the very broad definition of personal data archivists always face the question whether the data they will supply in the title or the description of archival units can cause the direct or indirect identification of an individual i.e. the particular issue of endangering someone's privacy, dignity and other rights. Furthermore, bearing in mind that the Regulation and the Croatian archival act do not impose any limitations regarding the processing of deceased individuals' data, it can be concluded that there are no formal impediments either for archival description or publishing such data. However, the question remains, regardless of the fact it concerns the data of deceased individuals, whether the ethical principle that archivists abstain from overly exposing data should be upheld, particularly if it concerns sensitive data which can influence the violation of dignity of family members of those individuals. The basic principles of the Regulation include the principle of reducing the quantity of data. It entails that personal data must be appropriate, relevant and limited to necessities in relation to purposes for which they are processed. The application of this principle is particularly important in the context of creating and enhancing the trust between the archives and the public. In other words, this approach conveys the message to the public that they can trust the archival service not to unjustifiably or excessively reveal and publish personal data. Within the context of processing data which is important for enhancing the awareness on the totalitarian and undemocratic regimes and their consequences there is a practical and ethical question on how to maintain the neutral position of archivists and archives as institutions in terms of providing objective description, without the endeavour to interpret on the political or ideological level. Concerning the indicated practical and ethical issues, the application of the guidelines created in October 2018 by the European Archives Group as assistance in implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation is recommended. The guidelines are connected with the Principles of Access to Archives by the International Council on Archives from 2012. This demonstrates that even before the General Data Protection Regulation was adopted the archival community paid considerable attention to ethical issues and standards of good professional practice regarding protection, processing and description of personal data in archival records. However, within the context of the new legislation the paper's intention is to encourage further scientific and professional addressing of this topic within the Croatian archival community, including producing a guide regarding all aspects of managing personal data in archival records. Besides, the prevailing view is that there is a need for producing a special manual for the description of archival records which contain personal data and other categories of data with limited access, in which the application of standards and current provisions would be illustrated with appropriate practical examples.

The concept of new information technologies of modifications & processing information is taking on new proportions. The new possibilities in data processing have had far-reaching consequences. Relations in certain human activities as well as in the society on the whole have been changing. Today it would be possible to ensure such an interaction in which an individual & a group have equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of communal life. The pronounced political illusionism has created a wider gap between the real & the virtual. The information-based production requires greater interaction than in the previous, industrial era. Adapted from the source document.

The concept of new information technologies of modifications & processing information is taking on new proportions. The new possibilities in data processing have had far-reaching consequences. Relations in certain human activities as well as in the society on the whole have been changing. Today it would be possible to ensure such an interaction in which an individual & a group have equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of communal life. The pronounced political illusionism has created a wider gap between the real & the virtual. The information-based production requires greater interaction than in the previous, industrial era. Adapted from the source document.

Due to their professional selectiveness & standardized processing, commercial databases are a valuable source of scientific information. This paper describes the rationale behind their emergence & evolution in the sense of technological & content changes that the online databases have gone through in their 40-year existence. On today's market, there are hosts that offer a plethora of databases. In the Croatian academic community, access is provided via NSK & CARNet. The article lists the examples of surfing on major online databases available in the Web form (EMERALD, CSA, & EBSCO) as the relevant electronic sources of information from the field of social sciences/humanities. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.

Due to their professional selectiveness & standardized processing, commercial databases are a valuable source of scientific information. This paper describes the rationale behind their emergence & evolution in the sense of technological & content changes that the online databases have gone through in their 40-year existence. On today's market, there are hosts that offer a plethora of databases. In the Croatian academic community, access is provided via NSK & CARNet. The article lists the examples of surfing on major online databases available in the Web form (EMERALD, CSA, & EBSCO) as the relevant electronic sources of information from the field of social sciences/humanities. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.