Suchergebnisse

The primary objective of this article is to answer the following two research questions: has the growing public debt of state governments promoted increased public investment? If the answer is yes, then does any increase in public investment lead to more growth in the Mexican states? Dynamic Models of panel data and the Generalized Method of Moments, with information for 32 states from 1993 to 2012, were used for this purpose. The econometric results confirmed that public debt is positively correlated with public investment and that this in turn generates economic growth. This does not mean that a good economic policy strategy has been followed, since the marginal positive impact of public investment, and therefore the public debt on the production per person, is reduced (1% increase in the interaction between public investment and public debt variable causes a 0.0005% increase in economic growth). This suggests deviations from the debt contracted for purposes other than production, which could lead to a situation of unsustainability of state public finances in the medium term.

The global financial crisis has put considerable pressure on public finances, particularly on government debt. Public debt in many countries of the world have increased in recent years to levels that were not registered by the end of the Second World War, facing today with a high risk regarding fiscal sustainability.Debt portfolio is usually the largest financial portfolio of a state, with a complex structure that can generate high risks that may affect public balance and financial stability of the country. Thus, proper management of public debt must become a priority for both the creditor and debtor countries. This paper aims to highlight the importance of effective management of government debt and to make a brief assessment of Romania's public debt structure and dynamic.

We use a controlled laboratory experiment with and without overlapping generations to study the emergence of public debt. Public debt is chosen by popular vote, pays for public goods, and is repaid with general taxes. With a single generation, public debt is accumulated prudently, never leading to over-indebtedness. With multiple generations, public debt is accumulated rapidly as soon as the burden of debt and the risk of over-indebtedness can be shifted to future generations. Debt ceiling mechanisms do not mitigate the debt problem. With overlapping generations, political debt cycles emerge, oscillating with the age of the majority of voters.

The paper generally describes the segment of public debt management or especially the structure of public debt. It focuses on different kinds of risks which present potential danger for the public debt explosion. It intends to explain the government goal for borrowing money at lowest rate and sustain the fiscal stability. Also, it explains some practical issues regarding this topic for Republic of Macedonia for the period from 2009-2011. In the process of research were implemented several qualitative methods.

Published also as Studies in history, economics and public law, ed. by the Faculty of political science of Columbian university, vol. LXXXV, no. 2, whole no. 197. ; Vita. ; Bibliography: p. 100-105. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This study proposes a synthetic visual indicator with which to perform debt sustainability analysis using dynamic general equilibrium models. In a single diagram, we summarized the general equilibrium relationships among economic activity, government budget, and the maximum amount of sustainable public debt. Then, we measured sustainability using the distance of actual debt from the model-consistent maximum debt. This indicator can be implemented with any DSGE model; as a backing theory, we used a neoclassical model augmented with endogenous tax revenues, disaggregated public spending, different production technologies for public and private goods, non-atomistic wage setters in public labor (unions), and a fully specified maturity curve for public bonds. We provided an example of its usage using the case of Greece during the last public debt crisis. To perform the numerical analysis, we developed original software, whose advantage is allowing an audience without expertise in DSGE models to perform general equilibrium debt sustainability analyses without requiring an understanding of the technicalities of DSGE models.

Growing public debt is one of the biggest challenges faced by both developing and developed economies. Available research indicates the negative impact of public debt growth on economic growth. Applying the ordinary least squares method to the panel data for the countries of the Western Balkans and the period from 1998 to 2019, we found that one percentage growth in public debt leads to a decrease in the GDP growth rate by 0.036 percentage points. In addition, an increase in public debt by one percentage point leads to a decrease in the productivity growth rate by 0.079 percentage points. The results of the research for Montenegro as a case (two scenarios of fiscal policy and the period 2021-2040), showed that, if expenditures remain intact, due to the small difference between the forecasted average GDP growth rate in the period 2021-2040 and interest rates (assumed constant), such a scenario will lead to a slower change in the public debt-to-GDP ratio (23% decrease in two decades). In addition, the cost of interest on public debt in this scenario over the entire period is higher than 2% of GDP. If the fiscal policy is changed toward a reduction in government spending, the short-term GDP growth rate would be slightly reduced, but both the expenditures for interest (less than 2% of GDP) and public debt (decrease of 63% in two-decades) would be reduced significantly. Although reduced government spending will have a negative impact on GDP growth in the short run, the country will benefit in the long run as reduced public debt will have a positive impact on GDP and productivity growth.

We study the effects on economic activity of a pure temporary change in government debt and the relationship between the debt multiplier and the level of debt in an overlapping generations framework. The debt multiplier is positive but quite small during normal times while it is much larger during crises. Moreover, it increases with the steady state level of debt. Hence, the call for fiscal consolidation during recessions seems ill-advised. Finally, a rise in the steady state debt-to-GDP level increases the steady state real interest rate providing more room for manoeuvre to monetary policy to fight deflationary shocks.

A dive into the origins, management, and uses and misuses of sovereign debt through the ages. Public debts have exploded to levels unprecedented in modern history as governments responded to the Covid-19 pandemic and ensuing economic crisis. Their dramatic rise has prompted apocalyptic warnings about the dangers of heavy debts—about the drag they will place on economic growth and the burden they represent for future generations. In Defense of Public Debt offers a sharp rejoinder to this view, marshaling the entire history of state-issued public debt to demonstrate its usefulness. Authors Barry Eichengreen, Asmaa El-Ganainy, Rui Esteves, and Kris James Mitchener argue that the ability of governments to issue debt has played a critical role in addressing emergencies—from wars and pandemics to economic and financial crises, as well as in funding essential public goods and services such as transportation, education, and healthcare. In these ways, the capacity to issue debt has been integral to state building and state survival. Transactions in public debt securities have also contributed to the development of private financial markets and, through this channel, to modern economic growth. None of this is to deny that debt problems, debt crises, and debt defaults occur. But these dramatic events, which attract much attention, are not the entire story. In Defense of Public Debt redresses the balance. The authors develop their arguments historically, recounting two millennia of public debt experience. They deploy a comprehensive database to identify the factors behind rising public debts and the circumstances under which high debts are successfully stabilized and brought down. Finally, they bring the story up to date, describing the role of public debt in managing the Covid-19 pandemic and recession, suggesting a way forward once governments—now more heavily indebted than before—finally emerge from the crisis. ; https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/faculty_books/1537/thumbnail.jpg

Public debt is one of the crucial forms of public revenue necessary to achieve some stabilization goals of fiscal policy, such as stable inflation, full employment, trade balance, economic growth, economic development, and primary securing finances for states public expenditures. It is defined as an extraordinary source for financing public expenditures, but above all it is considered for effective instrument of fiscal policy in accomplishing economic growth and development. Public debt is considered as accumulation of various forms of loans, which are normally realized by the state for the implementation of economic and fiscal policy. Continuity in emission of public debt is immanent in the determination of achieving high levels of investments in various areas of public sector, such as health care, infrastructure, education, etc. With the economic growth and higher demands for various public goods, the state is faced with the problem of securing additional sources of finance that would satisfy the peoples needs and boost the economy additionally. However, if the state decides to reduce the levels of public debt, then the government would discontinue the emissions of public debt and use the budget surplus to pay out the bond holders. Also, very important thing is the source of public debt, internal or external, which could leave the country without the needed capital to secure economic development. Therefore, the productive usage of the borrowed money is essential to have justification for continuing with policy of deficit finance. Contrary of that, the unproductive use of public debt would be risky and bring the state closer to over borrowing and finally bankruptcy.

Public debt is one of the important problems and complex in the economy of each country as well as globally in the current period. The world economy is suffering from huge debt of governments that can cause negative effects. Many countries having very large public debt levels are facing difficulties in financial balance and the implementation of the repayment obligation. Vietnam is no exception with the public debt is ever increasing. Currently, there are more concerns about Vietnam's public debt as debt restructuring, management mechanisms, efficiency and debt accumulation. The problem of public debt and concerns itself will create potential impacts, which if not solved will result in negative consequences.

Rising public debt in sub-Saharan Africa remains a matter of concern. We provide an analysis of public debt and debt sustainability in Tanzania, focusing on external debt. Though current and previous analyses using the IMF-World Bank debt sustainability framework indicate low risk of public external debt distress, these analyses are sensitive to exchange rate volatility and export shocks and are predicated on strong assumptions of robust future economic growth and reduced government borrowing. Moreover, empirical evidence of debt sustainability based on the fiscal reaction function approach is weak. The challenge lies in ensuring debt remains sustainable, given the need to scale up development expenditure to address infrastructure gaps amid dwindling donor financing and vulnerability to exogenous shocks, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid debt accumulation-particularly commercial debt-could expose Tanzania to external risks. Leveraging on concessional borrowing, efficient public investment, enhanced debt management, and domestic resource mobilization are critical.

The morality defined by the political system of the market economy is based on the respect of debt repayment. However, public debt is different and has not to be analysed as a worse management of public resources. Contrary to private agents, State has not, in principle, a limited time horizon and it is possible to repay its debt over long periods by "rolling over its debt". Moreover, public debt helps to regulate the economy in times of crisis. When a Covid-19 arrives, public health becomes the national and international priority and the public debt is a solution to solve both the pandemic and the problems of unemployment, health costs and education gap that it causes. Public debt is an instrument for societal change, with less inequalities, poverty and prercariousness. ; La moralité définie par le système politique de l'économie de marché est basée sur le respect du remboursement de la dette. Cependant, la dette publique ne doit pas être analysée comme une mauvaise gestion des ressources publiques. Contrairement aux agents privés, l'Etat n'a pas, en principe, un horizon temporel limité et il est possible de rembourser sa dette sur de longues périodes en "roulant sa dette". De plus, la dette publique permet de réguler l'économie en période de crise. Lorsqu'un Covid-19 arrive, la santé publique devient la priorité nationale et internationale et la dette publique est une solution pour résoudre à la fois la pandémie et les problèmes de chômage, de coûts de santé et de déficit éducatif que celle-ci occasionne. La dette publique est un instrument de changement sociétal, avec moins d'inégalités, de pauvreté et de précarité.

The morality defined by the political system of the market economy is based on the respect of debt repayment. However, public debt is different and has not to be analysed as a worse management of public resources. Contrary to private agents, State has not, in principle, a limited time horizon and it is possible to repay its debt over long periods by "rolling over its debt". Moreover, public debt helps to regulate the economy in times of crisis. When a Covid-19 arrives, public health becomes the national and international priority and the public debt is a solution to solve both the pandemic and the problems of unemployment, health costs and education gap that it causes. Public debt is an instrument for societal change, with less inequalities, poverty and prercariousness. ; La moralité définie par le système politique de l'économie de marché est basée sur le respect du remboursement de la dette. Cependant, la dette publique ne doit pas être analysée comme une mauvaise gestion des ressources publiques. Contrairement aux agents privés, l'Etat n'a pas, en principe, un horizon temporel limité et il est possible de rembourser sa dette sur de longues périodes en "roulant sa dette". De plus, la dette publique permet de réguler l'économie en période de crise. Lorsqu'un Covid-19 arrive, la santé publique devient la priorité nationale et internationale et la dette publique est une solution pour résoudre à la fois la pandémie et les problèmes de chômage, de coûts de santé et de déficit éducatif que celle-ci occasionne. La dette publique est un instrument de changement sociétal, avec moins d'inégalités, de pauvreté et de précarité.

The morality defined by the political system of the market economy is based on the respect of debt repayment. However, public debt is different and has not to be analysed as a worse management of public resources. Contrary to private agents, State has not, in principle, a limited time horizon and it is possible to repay its debt over long periods by "rolling over its debt". Moreover, public debt helps to regulate the economy in times of crisis. When a Covid-19 arrives, public health becomes the national and international priority and the public debt is a solution to solve both the pandemic and the problems of unemployment, health costs and education gap that it causes. Public debt is an instrument for societal change, with less inequalities, poverty and prercariousness. ; La moralité définie par le système politique de l'économie de marché est basée sur le respect du remboursement de la dette. Cependant, la dette publique ne doit pas être analysée comme une mauvaise gestion des ressources publiques. Contrairement aux agents privés, l'Etat n'a pas, en principe, un horizon temporel limité et il est possible de rembourser sa dette sur de longues périodes en "roulant sa dette". De plus, la dette publique permet de réguler l'économie en période de crise. Lorsqu'un Covid-19 arrive, la santé publique devient la priorité nationale et internationale et la dette publique est une solution pour résoudre à la fois la pandémie et les problèmes de chômage, de coûts de santé et de déficit éducatif que celle-ci occasionne. La dette publique est un instrument de changement sociétal, avec moins d'inégalités, de pauvreté et de précarité.