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Foreword -- Preface -- Decent Work: Responsibility of Employers or Law-Enforcing Agencies? -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Graphs -- List of Tables -- List of Charts -- Part I: Concept and Theory -- 1: Perspectives on Work -- 1.1 Work, Labour and Employment: Shifting Trajectories -- 1.2 Perspectives on Work -- 1.2.1 Care Work -- 1.2.2 Precarious Work -- 1.2.3 Non-standard Work -- 1.2.4 Atypical Work -- 1.2.5 Decent Work -- Bibliography -- 2: Concept and Theoretical Framework of Decent Work -- 2.1 Concept -- 2.2 Philosophy -- 2.3 Theoretical Framework -- 2.3.1 Conceptual Clarity -- 2.3.2 Conceptual Dimensions -- 2.3.3 Suggestions for Indicators and Indices -- Bibliography -- 3: Decent Work Agenda and ILO -- 3.1 The Decent Work Agenda -- 3.1.1 Decent Work Has a Global Appeal -- 3.1.2 The Global Appeal of Decent Work -- 4: Decent Work, Stages of Development, and Industry Growth -- Bibliography -- Part II: Measurement, Applicability and Relevance -- 5: Indicators of Decent Work at Macro-Level -- 5.1 Macro-Level -- 5.1.1 Employment Opportunities/Availability of Work -- 5.1.1.1 Theoretical Insights -- 5.1.1.2 Subjectivity/Objectivity -- 5.1.1.3 Universality and Relevance to India -- 5.1.2 Unacceptable Work -- 5.1.2.1 Theoretical Insights -- 5.1.2.2 Subjectivity/Objectivity -- 5.1.2.3 Universality/Relevance to India -- 5.1.3 Organised Sector Employment -- 5.1.3.1 Theoretical Insights -- 5.1.3.2 Subjectivity/Objectivity -- 5.1.3.3 Universality and Relevance to India -- 5.1.4 Fairness in Employment Opportunities -- 5.1.4.1 Theoretical Insights -- 5.1.4.2 Subjectivity/Objectivity -- 5.1.4.3 Universality and Relevance to India -- 5.1.5 Measures to Check Informal Sector Employment -- 5.1.5.1 Theoretical Insights -- 5.1.5.2 Subjectivity/Objectivity -- 5.1.5.3 Universality/Relevance

Indonesia is on track to achieve the targeted 5–6% open unemployment rate by 2014. Since the country has been elevated to the status of a middle-income country by the World Bank and survived the recent Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008/2009, it could not afford to concentrate only on achieving the targeted unemployment rate by the end of President Yudhoyono's second term in office. As this measure, in addition to the poverty rate, is the bottom line of deprivation, Indonesia should instead focus on the quality of those that have managed to escape the lowest threshold of deprivation. Emphasis should be placed on the quality improvement of employment, rather than mere reducing the unemployment rate. In essence, this is about achieving full and productive employment complemented with social security provision and freedom. These characteristics are in accordance with the International Labour Organization's (ILO) global campaign on decent work. However, when viewed from the last decade of macro employment data and related policy arrangements, Indonesia's deficit on the decent work agenda and the quality of employment is evident.

Offers a brief introduction to ILO?s knowledge base on Asia and the Pacific. The resource kit can be useful to people who have a general interest in the issues as well as specialists who need additional technical resources.

The fundamental goal of the International Labour Organisation is the achievement of decent and productive work for both women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. The South African government has pledged its commitment to the attainment of decent work and sustainable livelihoods for all workers and has undertaken to mainstream decent work imperatives into national development strategies. The four strategic objectives of decent work as identified by the ILO are: i) the promotion of standards and rights at work, to ensure that worker's constitutionally protected rights to dignity, equality and fair labour practices, amongst others, are safeguarded by appropriate legal frameworks; (ii) the promotion of employment creation and income opportunities, with the goal being not just the creation of jobs but the creation of jobs of acceptable quality; (iii) the provision and improvement of social protection and social security, which are regarded as fundamental to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and the burden of care responsibilities; and (iv) the promotion of social dialogue and tripartism. This article considers the progress made towards the attainment of these decent work objectives in South Africa, using five statistical indicators to measure such progress namely: (i) employment opportunities; (ii) adequate earnings and productive work; (iii) stability and security of work; (iv) social protection; and (v) social dialogue and workplace relations. It concludes that high levels of unemployment and a weakened economy in South Africa have given rise to a growing informal sector and an increase in unacceptable working conditions and exploitation. The rights of workers in the formal sector have not filtered down to those in the informal sector, who remains vulnerable and unrepresented. Job creation initiatives have been undermined by the global recession and infrastructural shortcomings and ambitious governmental targets appear to be unachievable, with youth unemployment levels and gender inequalities remaining of grave concern. Social protection programmes fail to provide adequate coverage to the majority of the economically active population. Social dialogue processes and organisational structures fail to accommodate or represent the interests of the informal sector. Until these problems are overcome, the article concludes, it remains unlikely that decent work imperatives will be attained.

The fundamental goal of the International Labour Organisation is the achievement of decent and productive work for both women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. The South African government has pledged its commitment to the attainment of decent work and sustainable livelihoods for all workers and has undertaken to mainstream decent work imperatives into national development strategies. The four strategic objectives of decent work as identified by the ILO are: i) the promotion of standards and rights at work, to ensure that worker's constitutionally protected rights to dignity, equality and fair labour practices, amongst others, are safeguarded by appropriate legal frameworks; (ii) the promotion of employment creation and income opportunities, with the goal being not just the creation of jobs but the creation of jobs of acceptable quality; (iii) the provision and improvement of social protection and social security, which are regarded as fundamental to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and the burden of care responsibilities; and (iv) the promotion of social dialogue and tripartism. This article considers the progress made towards the attainment of these decent work objectives in South Africa, using five statistical indicators to measure such progress namely: (i) employment opportunities; (ii) adequate earnings and productive work; (iii) stability and security of work; (iv) social protection; and (v) social dialogue and workplace relations. It concludes that high levels of unemployment and a weakened economy in South Africa have given rise to a growing informal sector and an increase in unacceptable working conditions and exploitation. The rights of workers in the formal sector have not filtered down to those in the informal sector, who remains vulnerable and unrepresented. Job creation initiatives have been undermined by the global recession and infrastructural shortcomings and ambitious governmental targets appear to be unachievable, with youth unemployment levels and gender inequalities remaining of grave concern. Social protection programmes fail to provide adequate coverage to the majority of the economically active population. Social dialogue processes and organisational structures fail to accommodate or represent the interests of the informal sector. Until these problems are overcome, the article concludes, it remains unlikely that decent work imperatives will be attained.

Not only labour relations have changed, but also the attitude towards work and labour relations, therefore, it requires new legal regulation. The possibility to reconcile work and family obligations, work at home, qualification development, seek a career and many other things might motivate more efficient and productive work, influence work quality and satisfy the concept of decent work. The concept of "Decent work," embedded in the Law on Support for Employment of the Republic of Lithuania (further—LSE) does not correspond to the concept of "Decent work" declared at the international and European Union level (further—EU), thus a lot of space for interpretation is left. However, consolidation of the concept of "Decent work" in the Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania (further—LC) in principle would allow to implement the principle of balance between labour market flexibility and employment security (flexicurity). ; Pasikeitė ne tik darbo santykiai, bet ir pats požiūris į darbą, darbo santykius ir reikalauja kitokio jų teisinio reguliavimo. Galimybė suderinti darbą ir šeimos pareigas, dirbti namie, kelti kvalifikaciją ir daryti karjerą ir dar daug dalykų gali motyvuoti našiam ir produktyviam darbui, darbo kokybei, kas gali atitikti ir tinkamo darbo sampratą. Tinkamo darbo sąvoka įtvirtinta Lietuvos Respublikos užimtumo rėmimo įstatyme neatitinka tarptautiniu ir Europos Sąjungos lygiu deklaruojamos tinkamo darbo sampratos, todėl palieka daug vietos interpretacijai. Tačiau tinkamo darbo sąvokos įtvirtinimas Lietuvos Respublikos darbo kodekse kaip pagrindas leistų įgyvendinti lankstumo ir užimtumo saugumo pusiausvyros (angl.– flexicurity) principą.

Structured Abstract Purpose: this article systemizes the main historical milestones which led to the current concept of decent work and presents some implications for business. Approach: after presenting the scenario which gives a special meaning and importance to decent work, the historical landmarks are systematized until the definition of the Decent Work Agenda. Findings: Decent work is a concept that has evolved since the ILO Foundation in 1919 and had several important steps throughout its development: Philadelphia Declaration in 1944, ILO constitution update in 1946, Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, Human Development Report, first edition in 1990, World Summit for Social Development in 1995, ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work in 1998, World Economic Forum in 1999, Global Compact in 2000, United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000, ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization in 2008, Global Jobs Compact in 2009, and inclusion in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Throughout this development we can witness the refinement and operationalization of the concept, its institutionalization and its spread at political level, at least as an intention. Practical implications: the business area is a privileged forum to turn policies into practices and some examples are provided. Value: although decent work emerged in a very different social and economic scenario from the present time, it is claimed to be even more topical and relevant for the development of business and society today.

Cover -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Editorial - Enrico Cairola -- Worker resistance in global supply chains - Mark Anner -- Effective protection of workers' health and safety in global supply chains - Garrett D. Brown -- One click to empowerment? - Kathrin Birner -- Global framework agreements: Achieving decent work in global supply chains? - Felix Hadwiger -- Transforming supply chain industrial relations - Jenny Holdcraft -- New life for the ILO Tripartite Declaration on MNEs and Social Policy - Anna Biondi