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"Recent years have seen a remarkable expansion in economists' ability to measure corruption. This, in turn, has led to a new generation of well-identified, microeconomic studies. We review the evidence on corruption in developing countries in light of these recent advances, focusing on three questions: how much corruption is there, what are the efficiency consequences of corruption, and what determines the level of corruption. We find robust evidence that corruption responds to standard economic incentive theory, but also that effects of anti-corruption policies often attenuate as officials find alternate strategies to pursue rents"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Developed or Developing? The first database detailing International Organizations, treaties', and Generalized System of Preferences (GSPs) approaches to categorizing countries as developing (or developed). Find out which criteria are used to designate countries as "developing" in dozens of documents, and compare how 200 jurisdictions are classified under almost 20 different lists

The rapid urbanization in many developing countries over the past half century seems to have been accompanied by excessively high levels of concentration of the urban population in very large cities. Some degree of urban concentration may be desirable initially to reduce inter- and intraregional infrastructure expenditures. But in a mature system of cities, economic activity is more spread out. Standardized manufacturing production tends to be de-concentrated into smaller and medium-size metropolitan areas, whereas production in large metropolitan areas focuses on services, research and development, and non-standardized manufacturing. The costs of excessive concentration (traffic accidents, health costs from exposure to high levels of air and water pollution, and time lost to long commutes) stem from the large size of megacities and underdeveloped institutions and human resources for urban planning and management. Alleviating excessively high urban concentration requires investments in interregional transport and telecommunications to facilitate de-concentration of industry. It also requires fiscal de-concentration, so that interior cities can raise the fiscal resources and provide the services needed to compete with primate cities for industry and population.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Half Title -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- Tables -- Figures -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: Background Material -- 1. Privatisation: The UK Experience and Developing Countries -- 2. Some Background Observations on Privatisation -- 3. Privatisation: Macro-economics and Modalities -- 4. Privatisation: Modalities and Strategies -- 5. Introducing Competition and Regulatory Requirements -- 6. Some Organisational Implications of Privatisation -- Part II: Country Papers -- 7. Privatisation in Pakistan -- 8. Privatisation in India -- 9. Privatisation in Sri Lanka -- 10. Privatisation in Malaysia: Ministry of Public Enterprises -- 11. Privatisation in Jordan -- 12. Privatisation in China -- 13. Privatisation in Kenya -- 14. Privatisation in Nigeria -- 15. Privatisation in Ghana -- 16. Privatisation in Africa -- 17. Privatisation in Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda -- 18. Privatisation in Peru -- 19. Privatisation in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago -- Part III : Concluding Review -- 20. Concluding Review -- Index

The history of development has paid only little attention to cultural projects. This book looks at the development politics that shaped the UNESCO World Heritage programme, with a case study of Ethiopian World Heritage sites from the 1960s to the 1980s. In a large-scale conservation and tourism planning project, selected sites were set up and promoted as images of the Ethiopian nation. This story serves to illustrate UNESCO's role in constructing a "useful past" in many African countries engaged in the process of nation-building. UNESCO experts and Ethiopian elites had a shared interest in producing a portfolio of antiquities and national parks to underwrite Ethiopia's imperial claims to regional hegemony with ancient history. The key findings of this book highlight a continuity in Ethiopian history, despite the political ruptures caused by the 1974 revolution and UNESCO's transformation from knowledge producer to actual provider of development policies. The particular focus on the bureaucratic and political practices of heritage, bridges a gap between cultural heritage studies and the history of international organisations. The result is a first study of the global discourse on heritage as it emerged in the 1960s development decade.