Suchergebnisse

The variable "public diplomacy message strategy" (or "public diplomacy approach") refers to public diplomacy efforts in a given country in order to investigate how and with which goal public diplomacy is strategically communicated in the given context. The variable reflects the communication style of a specific actor (a politician, government, or country). Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses of public diplomacy message strategies or approaches mostly build on the taxonomy of public diplomacy (Cull, 2008) or the proposed categories of public diplomacy by Fitzpatrick (2010). References/combination with other methods of data collection: Public diplomacy message strategies can, in addition to content analysis, be analyzed by conducting interviews or surveys with public diplomacy actors, which allow validating the results from content analyses. Example study: Dodd & Collins (2017) Information on Dodd & Collins (2017) Authors: Dodd & Collins Research question/research interest: Comparison between public diplomacy approaches between Central Eastern European (not explicated) and Western countries (Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States) Object of analysis: Twitter content posted by 41 embassy accounts (not explicated) Time frame of analysis: March 2015 Information about variable Variable name/definition: Public diplomacy practices: Communication strategy Level of analysis: Tweet Values: Building on Cull's (2008) taxonomy of public diplomacy: (1) Listening (attempts to collect and collate information about foreign publics and their opinions) (2) Advocacy (activities that promote the country's policies or general interests among foreign publics) (3) Cultural (efforts to promote cultural resources and achievements of a country) (4) International (activities that involve sending national actors abroad or receiving international actors to strategically manage the international environment) (5) News (use of radio, television and digital media to inform and involve foreign audiences) ...

1. The New World Order -- 2. The Hinge: Theodore Roosevelt or Woodrow Wilson -- 3. From Universality to Equilibrium: Richelieu, William of Orange, and Pitt -- 4. The Concert of Europe: Great Britain, Austria, and Russia -- 5. Two Revolutionaries: Napoleon III and Bismarck -- 6. Realpolitik Turns on Itself -- 7. A Political Doomsday Machine: European Diplomacy Before the First World War -- 8. Into the Vortex: The Military Doomsday Machine -- 9. The New Face of Diplomacy: Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles -- 10. The Dilemmas of the Victors -- 11. Stresemann and the Re-emergence of the Vanquished -- 12. The End of Illusion: Hitler and the Destruction of Versailles -- 13. Stalin's Bazaar -- 14. The Nazi-Soviet Pact -- 15. America Re-enters the Arena: Franklin Delano Roosevelt -- 16. Three Approaches to Peace: Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill in World War II -- 17. The Beginning of the Cold War -- 18. The Success and the Pain of Containment -- 19. The Dilemma of Containment: The Korean War -- 20. Negotiating with the Communists: Adenauer, Churchill, and Eisenhower -- 21. Leapfrogging Containment: The Suez Crisis -- 22. Hungary: Upheaval in the Empire -- 23. Krushchev's Ultimatum: The Berlin Crisis -- 24. Concepts of Western Unity: Macmillan, de Gaulle, Eisenhower, and Kennedy -- 25. Vietnam: Entry into the Morass; Truman and Eisenhower -- 26. Vietnam: On the Road to Despair; Kennedy, and Johnson -- 27. Vietnam: The Extrication; Nixon -- 28. Foreign Policy as Geopolitics: Nixon's Triangular Diplomacy -- 29. Detente and Its Discontents -- 30. The End of the Cold War: Reagan and Gorbachev -- 31. The New World Order Reconsidered.

AbstractIn this article, we analyze science diplomacy, for the first time, as a new type of political tool that can influence and nurture the functioning of presidential diplomacy. We conduct this analysis in the context of the global crisis produced by COVID‐19, considering the struggle to obtain both vaccines and the technology to develop them. We discuss the Russian‐Argentine relationship during the pandemic emergency in the Southern Cone. This case provides a valuable framework to make valid recommendations to incorporate and coordinate science diplomacy actions concerning presidential diplomacy.