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This paper deals with the decade of the 2000s in Japan's public diplomacy, and tries to distinguish the newest trends, related to the changes in the post-Cold War world system. The aspect chosen for this comparison is one that concentrates on the aims of public diplomacy. "Aims" in the framework of this paper are understood as the structural segment of the classical definition of public diplomacy, which raises the main question of why public diplomacy is conducted (i.e. what are the main factors in the international community inspiring it), thus giving the basis for its legitimation per se. Regarding this, the paper proposes three main statements that are directly related to the changing aims of Japan's post-Cold War diplomacy in respect of earlier periods. It states that the government's attention to public diplomacy has been increasing since the 2000s; Japan's diplomacy tends to direct its resources towards 'softer' methods (co-optation); 'Traditional' content is complemented (or replaced?) by the 'popular' in Japan's public diplomacy. These changes are closely related to important changes in the majority of the world's countries, in which public diplomacy has developed from a quasi-secret policy related to the intelligence service and information warfare, into fashionable and openly declared activities aimed at increasing a country's attractiveness. This is inspired by increasing international competition, the importance of soft power, and noopolitik, the changing target. [to full text]

This paper deals with the decade of the 2000s in Japan's public diplomacy, and tries to distinguish the newest trends, related to the changes in the post-Cold War world system. The aspect chosen for this comparison is one that concentrates on the aims of public diplomacy. "Aims" in the framework of this paper are understood as the structural segment of the classical definition of public diplomacy, which raises the main question of why public diplomacy is conducted (i.e. what are the main factors in the international community inspiring it), thus giving the basis for its legitimation per se. Regarding this, the paper proposes three main statements that are directly related to the changing aims of Japan's post-Cold War diplomacy in respect of earlier periods. It states that the government's attention to public diplomacy has been increasing since the 2000s; Japan's diplomacy tends to direct its resources towards 'softer' methods (co-optation); 'Traditional' content is complemented (or replaced?) by the 'popular' in Japan's public diplomacy. These changes are closely related to important changes in the majority of the world's countries, in which public diplomacy has developed from a quasi-secret policy related to the intelligence service and information warfare, into fashionable and openly declared activities aimed at increasing a country's attractiveness. This is inspired by increasing international competition, the importance of soft power, and noopolitik, the changing target. [to full text]

This paper deals with the decade of the 2000s in Japan's public diplomacy, and tries to distinguish the newest trends, related to the changes in the post-Cold War world system. The aspect chosen for this comparison is one that concentrates on the aims of public diplomacy. "Aims" in the framework of this paper are understood as the structural segment of the classical definition of public diplomacy, which raises the main question of why public diplomacy is conducted (i.e. what are the main factors in the international community inspiring it), thus giving the basis for its legitimation per se. Regarding this, the paper proposes three main statements that are directly related to the changing aims of Japan's post-Cold War diplomacy in respect of earlier periods. It states that the government's attention to public diplomacy has been increasing since the 2000s; Japan's diplomacy tends to direct its resources towards 'softer' methods (co-optation); 'Traditional' content is complemented (or replaced?) by the 'popular' in Japan's public diplomacy. These changes are closely related to important changes in the majority of the world's countries, in which public diplomacy has developed from a quasi-secret policy related to the intelligence service and information warfare, into fashionable and openly declared activities aimed at increasing a country's attractiveness. This is inspired by increasing international competition, the importance of soft power, and noopolitik, the changing target. [to full text]

Economic Diplomacy is a big challenge in the modern day world and opportunity. It allows states to create and maintain bonds with other countries in order to benefit its economy, which is important in an era of reoccurring financial crisis. However, different strategies are developed by different states and it is interesting to see what objective characteristics of the country influence Economic Diplomacy practices and how it does so. This research takes a look into three different states in an attempt to investigate how different characteristics, such as relative power, size and historical background, affect Economic Diplomacy decisions and priorities. Germany, Poland and Lithuania were selected for the research as they provide an opportunity for the comparative analysis of the most different cases. At first, this paper considers the theoretical aspect of Economic Diplomacy, defining the term and naming most relevant theoretical approaches to it. Then, main contextual differences between the states included in the study are established. These differences in political system, relative power and size, and historical background allow for more in depth comparative analysis, because it is possible to place results into a broader context, revealing which countries proportionally are doing better. Finally, Economic Diplomacy structures, priorities and outcomes are analysed. Neorealism perspective allows for a better view of power struggles within the global arena of political economy that all these states are incorporated into. The research reveals that Economic Diplomacy in Lithuania was the most broadly articulated from this selection of states. There is a special institution and strategies devoted specifically for this practice. However, as so far, outcomes are relatively poor because of historical context – inefficient governance and undeveloped image do not allow simple solutions to be effective. Poland can be singled out as a relative leader in FDI field, since it manages to attract significant FDI flows as well as become an important FDI source country. Germany is a big power, immersing into global power games. While Poland and Lithuania are looking for investments, Germany is housing many international corporations and is focusing its Economic Diplomacy towards more global goals and expansion of export market. All of these results confirm initial assumption that power, size and historical background are important, power remaining the most significant one.

Economic Diplomacy is a big challenge in the modern day world and opportunity. It allows states to create and maintain bonds with other countries in order to benefit its economy, which is important in an era of reoccurring financial crisis. However, different strategies are developed by different states and it is interesting to see what objective characteristics of the country influence Economic Diplomacy practices and how it does so. This research takes a look into three different states in an attempt to investigate how different characteristics, such as relative power, size and historical background, affect Economic Diplomacy decisions and priorities. Germany, Poland and Lithuania were selected for the research as they provide an opportunity for the comparative analysis of the most different cases. At first, this paper considers the theoretical aspect of Economic Diplomacy, defining the term and naming most relevant theoretical approaches to it. Then, main contextual differences between the states included in the study are established. These differences in political system, relative power and size, and historical background allow for more in depth comparative analysis, because it is possible to place results into a broader context, revealing which countries proportionally are doing better. Finally, Economic Diplomacy structures, priorities and outcomes are analysed. Neorealism perspective allows for a better view of power struggles within the global arena of political economy that all these states are incorporated into. The research reveals that Economic Diplomacy in Lithuania was the most broadly articulated from this selection of states. There is a special institution and strategies devoted specifically for this practice. However, as so far, outcomes are relatively poor because of historical context – inefficient governance and undeveloped image do not allow simple solutions to be effective. Poland can be singled out as a relative leader in FDI field, since it manages to attract significant FDI flows as well as become an important FDI source country. Germany is a big power, immersing into global power games. While Poland and Lithuania are looking for investments, Germany is housing many international corporations and is focusing its Economic Diplomacy towards more global goals and expansion of export market. All of these results confirm initial assumption that power, size and historical background are important, power remaining the most significant one.

Economic Diplomacy is a big challenge in the modern day world and opportunity. It allows states to create and maintain bonds with other countries in order to benefit its economy, which is important in an era of reoccurring financial crisis. However, different strategies are developed by different states and it is interesting to see what objective characteristics of the country influence Economic Diplomacy practices and how it does so. This research takes a look into three different states in an attempt to investigate how different characteristics, such as relative power, size and historical background, affect Economic Diplomacy decisions and priorities. Germany, Poland and Lithuania were selected for the research as they provide an opportunity for the comparative analysis of the most different cases. At first, this paper considers the theoretical aspect of Economic Diplomacy, defining the term and naming most relevant theoretical approaches to it. Then, main contextual differences between the states included in the study are established. These differences in political system, relative power and size, and historical background allow for more in depth comparative analysis, because it is possible to place results into a broader context, revealing which countries proportionally are doing better. Finally, Economic Diplomacy structures, priorities and outcomes are analysed. Neorealism perspective allows for a better view of power struggles within the global arena of political economy that all these states are incorporated into. The research reveals that Economic Diplomacy in Lithuania was the most broadly articulated from this selection of states. There is a special institution and strategies devoted specifically for this practice. However, as so far, outcomes are relatively poor because of historical context – inefficient governance and undeveloped image do not allow simple solutions to be effective. Poland can be singled out as a relative leader in FDI field, since it manages to attract significant FDI flows as well as become an important FDI source country. Germany is a big power, immersing into global power games. While Poland and Lithuania are looking for investments, Germany is housing many international corporations and is focusing its Economic Diplomacy towards more global goals and expansion of export market. All of these results confirm initial assumption that power, size and historical background are important, power remaining the most significant one.

This article studies the contemporary Lithuanian diplomatic culture: the daily practices of the Lithuanian diplomatic service as a "community of practice," influencing experiences, ideas, norms, and values, as well as the meanings that diplomats assign to the international environment and their own mission. The analysis is based on theoretical and methodological tools, borrowed from diplomatic studies and the sociology of practices, and draws upon thirty-six semi-structured qualitative interviews with the Lithuanian diplomats and politicians, as well as other primary and secondary sources. The article concludes that the Lithuanian diplomatic culture is marked with heroic scenarios, which seek not so much a steady, thought-out and long-term integration of Lithuania into a peaceful regional and global co-existence, but rather visible, immediately effective actions which put Lithuania, its leaders and diplomats in a spotlight. These scenarios are sustained by the previous successful experience of such practices, as well as the relative politization and fragmentation of the diplomatic service. Such diplomacy is more one-sided and concentrated more on the demonstration of one's own national interest than on a multifaceted international dialogue which would aim to connect different states into one stable international community. ; Straipsnyje nagrinėjami šiuolaikinės Lietuvos diplomatinės kultūros bruožai: diplomatinės tarnybos, kaip "praktikos bendruomenės", kasdienio darbo įpročiai, juos formuojančios patirtys, idėjų sistemos, vertybės ir tarptautinės aplinkõs bei savo profesinės misijos suvokimas. Analizei pasitelkiama diplomatijos studijų ir praktikų sociologijos teorinė-metodologinė prieiga, trisdešimt šeši kokybiniai pusiau struktūruoti interviu su Lietuvos diplomatais bei politikais ir kiti pirminiai bei antriniai literatūros šaltiniai. Daroma išvada, kad Lietuvos diplomatinei kultūrai būdingi herojiški veikimo scenarijai, siekiantys ne tiek nuoseklaus, išmąstyto, ilgalaikio Lietuvos integravimo į regioninį ir pasaulinį bendrabūvį, kiek ryškiai matomų, greitą efektą turinčių, Lietuvą ir jos lyderius bei diplomatus į dėmesio centrą iškeliančių veiksmų. Šiuos scenarijus palaiko iki šiol gana sėkminga tokio veikimo patirtis, taip pat Lietuvos diplomatinės tarnybos politizavimas ir institucinė fragmentacija. Tokia Lietuvos diplomatija labiau susitelkusi į vienpusį savos valstybės intereso demonstravimą nei į daugiasluoksnį tarptautinį dialogą, jungiantį skirtingas valstybes į taikią ir stabilią tarptautinę bendruomenę.

Object of the paper – environmental education, realized by foreign representatives with the aim of public diplomacy. Aim of the paper –to explore the environmental education as a part of public diplomacy. Goals of the paper – to reveal the concept of public diplomacy and its relationship with similar communication spheres; to find out the means used for public diplomacy; to reveal the concept of environmental education; to examine the causes and methods used to implement environmental education; to explore the input of international community in implementation of environmental education; to evaluate environmental education, that foreign agencies organize in their goals aspect; to explore the input of foreign agencies in environmental education in Lithuania. The first part of the paper introduces the concept of public diplomacy, its' relationship with propaganda, public relations and nation branding. The second part of the paper introduces with the concept of environmental education, presents the international position about it. The third part of the paper introduces the project of the research and gives detailed analysis of carried out interviews with the representatives of foreign institutions and experts that work in the field of environmental information.

Object of the paper – environmental education, realized by foreign representatives with the aim of public diplomacy. Aim of the paper –to explore the environmental education as a part of public diplomacy. Goals of the paper – to reveal the concept of public diplomacy and its relationship with similar communication spheres; to find out the means used for public diplomacy; to reveal the concept of environmental education; to examine the causes and methods used to implement environmental education; to explore the input of international community in implementation of environmental education; to evaluate environmental education, that foreign agencies organize in their goals aspect; to explore the input of foreign agencies in environmental education in Lithuania. The first part of the paper introduces the concept of public diplomacy, its' relationship with propaganda, public relations and nation branding. The second part of the paper introduces with the concept of environmental education, presents the international position about it. The third part of the paper introduces the project of the research and gives detailed analysis of carried out interviews with the representatives of foreign institutions and experts that work in the field of environmental information.

Means through which states promote their names have first been called propaganda, later public diplomacy, and nowadays these notions are often replaced with the concept of public relations. Yet the ways of promoting a country's name abroad by means of public diplomacy have not been widely analysed, therefore it merits research. The aim of this Master thesis is to analyse the application of public diplomacy for increasing knowledge about a country by analysing one case, i.e. the efforts of the Presidency of the Republic of Lithuania to promote the country's name in the context of an historical event. The objectives are the following: to analyse the notion of public diplomacy and its importance vis-à-vis other means of popularising a country; to analyse what possibilities to promote the country's name the Lithuanian Presidency had during the celebration of the millennium of Lithuania's name, which of those were actually applied, and how successful they were. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scholarly literature; quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis; and an expert interview. The conclusion has been reached that, in the case analysed, the Lithuanian Presidency actively applied public diplomacy, taking measures oriented at publicity through mass media. In particular, the strategy of a "pseudo-event" was chosen, when using symbols an event is created in order to attract media attention. Such an event was the ceremony of celebrating the millennium of Lithuania's name, in which political leaders of thirteen states took part. As the event was rather widely reflected in the media of other countries, one can conclude that it was an example of successful application of the "pseudo-event" strategy as a means of public diplomacy.

Means through which states promote their names have first been called propaganda, later public diplomacy, and nowadays these notions are often replaced with the concept of public relations. Yet the ways of promoting a country's name abroad by means of public diplomacy have not been widely analysed, therefore it merits research. The aim of this Master thesis is to analyse the application of public diplomacy for increasing knowledge about a country by analysing one case, i.e. the efforts of the Presidency of the Republic of Lithuania to promote the country's name in the context of an historical event. The objectives are the following: to analyse the notion of public diplomacy and its importance vis-à-vis other means of popularising a country; to analyse what possibilities to promote the country's name the Lithuanian Presidency had during the celebration of the millennium of Lithuania's name, which of those were actually applied, and how successful they were. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scholarly literature; quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis; and an expert interview. The conclusion has been reached that, in the case analysed, the Lithuanian Presidency actively applied public diplomacy, taking measures oriented at publicity through mass media. In particular, the strategy of a "pseudo-event" was chosen, when using symbols an event is created in order to attract media attention. Such an event was the ceremony of celebrating the millennium of Lithuania's name, in which political leaders of thirteen states took part. As the event was rather widely reflected in the media of other countries, one can conclude that it was an example of successful application of the "pseudo-event" strategy as a means of public diplomacy.

The idea of a country's umbrella image is a very important notion in the communication of a present country image, recently widely discussed by country branding and public diplomacy specialists. It emphasises the ideological, symbolical and institutional unification of the country's image communication. This paper researches the case of Japan from the aspect of implementation of the umbrella image idea, and is based on the newest empirical research (expert interviews with the people, dealing with public diplomacy of Japan) conducted in 2009. Presently, four institutions, i.e. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Japan Foundation, the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the Intellectual Property Policy Headquarters are the main actors in Japan's public diplomacy practices. The research shows their mutual interconnections, differences and functional places in the overall whole. Moreover, the recent efforts of the Government to implement the umbrella image are introduced, and the success of these efforts is discussed.

The idea of a country's umbrella image is a very important notion in the communication of a present country image, recently widely discussed by country branding and public diplomacy specialists. It emphasises the ideological, symbolical and institutional unification of the country's image communication. This paper researches the case of Japan from the aspect of implementation of the umbrella image idea, and is based on the newest empirical research (expert interviews with the people, dealing with public diplomacy of Japan) conducted in 2009. Presently, four institutions, i.e. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Japan Foundation, the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the Intellectual Property Policy Headquarters are the main actors in Japan's public diplomacy practices. The research shows their mutual interconnections, differences and functional places in the overall whole. Moreover, the recent efforts of the Government to implement the umbrella image are introduced, and the success of these efforts is discussed.

The idea of a country's umbrella image is a very important notion in the communication of a present country image, recently widely discussed by country branding and public diplomacy specialists. It emphasises the ideological, symbolical and institutional unification of the country's image communication. This paper researches the case of Japan from the aspect of implementation of the umbrella image idea, and is based on the newest empirical research (expert interviews with the people, dealing with public diplomacy of Japan) conducted in 2009. Presently, four institutions, i.e. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Japan Foundation, the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the Intellectual Property Policy Headquarters are the main actors in Japan's public diplomacy practices. The research shows their mutual interconnections, differences and functional places in the overall whole. Moreover, the recent efforts of the Government to implement the umbrella image are introduced, and the success of these efforts is discussed.

The Master's thesis \"Peculiarities of Cultural Diplomacy in the Activities of the Lithuanian National Museums\" aims to analyse the concept of cultural diplomacy in literature, evaluate the aims of foreign politics with cultural diplomacy instrumentation of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania by analysing publicly available documents, and perform research, which reflects the international cultural initiatives of Lithuanian national museums and its contribution to the foreign policy of the country. Often, cultural diplomacy remains the only thread that unites nations when diplomatic relation get cold, and cultural institutions, organizations take the lead in developing international cultural relations. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to evaluate the cultural initiatives of Lithuanian national museums and their contributions to cooperation of nations in pursuit of certain goals in international relations, based on scientific literature, publications and performed research. During the research, the data of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania on cultural diplomacy instruments, collected from national museums and systematized on the most important events of cultural diplomacy in the National Museums of Lithuania in the last decade were analysed. Museums were not compared regarding their different fields of activity, tasks and size. The focus is on the number and geography of international projects. The most important and significant projects were described in more detail by analysing the project patronage, the importance of diplomatic relations between the partner countries, and looking for links to significant events during the project: \"Vilnius European Capital of Culture\", Centenary of the Restoration of the State of Lithuania. After systematizing and analysing the available information, conclusions were drawn and five suggestions were made.