Cultural diplomacy: The diplomacy of influence
In: The round table: the Commonwealth journal of international affairs, Band 75, Heft 298, S. 139-144
ISSN: 1474-029X
In: The round table: the Commonwealth journal of international affairs, Band 75, Heft 298, S. 139-144
ISSN: 1474-029X
In: Diplomacy and statecraft, Band 19, Heft 2, S. 321-349
ISSN: 1557-301X
In: International relations: the journal of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies, Band 37, Heft 3, S. 449-474
ISSN: 1741-2862
If diplomacy is considered an alternative to war, can the ongoing human 'war against animals' be replaced with diplomacy between humans and other animals? While many scholars and practitioners of diplomacy can be expected to dismiss such an idea out of hand, this essay encourages us to think more seriously and thoroughly about what it might imply to engage diplomatically with nonhuman animals. Doing so requires a somewhat unconventional conception of diplomacy, and some scholars have already done much to rethink diplomacy in suitable ways (despite the persistent anthropocentrism). Combining such work with political science scholarship on human-animal relations, indigenous peoples' relations with animals, various notions of animal ambassadorship and the study of animal behaviour in natural settings, the essay argues that interspecies diplomacy is possible and urges scholars to further explore this and how the possibility in question can be translated into reality.
The variable "public diplomacy message strategy" (or "public diplomacy approach") refers to public diplomacy efforts in a given country in order to investigate how and with which goal public diplomacy is strategically communicated in the given context. The variable reflects the communication style of a specific actor (a politician, government, or country). Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses of public diplomacy message strategies or approaches mostly build on the taxonomy of public diplomacy (Cull, 2008) or the proposed categories of public diplomacy by Fitzpatrick (2010). References/combination with other methods of data collection: Public diplomacy message strategies can, in addition to content analysis, be analyzed by conducting interviews or surveys with public diplomacy actors, which allow validating the results from content analyses. Example study: Dodd & Collins (2017) Information on Dodd & Collins (2017) Authors: Dodd & Collins Research question/research interest: Comparison between public diplomacy approaches between Central Eastern European (not explicated) and Western countries (Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States) Object of analysis: Twitter content posted by 41 embassy accounts (not explicated) Time frame of analysis: March 2015 Information about variable Variable name/definition: Public diplomacy practices: Communication strategy Level of analysis: Tweet Values: Building on Cull's (2008) taxonomy of public diplomacy: (1) Listening (attempts to collect and collate information about foreign publics and their opinions) (2) Advocacy (activities that promote the country's policies or general interests among foreign publics) (3) Cultural (efforts to promote cultural resources and achievements of a country) (4) International (activities that involve sending national actors abroad or receiving international actors to strategically manage the international environment) (5) News (use of radio, television and digital media to inform and involve foreign audiences) ...
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In: The Hague journal of diplomacy, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 91-114
ISSN: 1871-191X
Summary
Diplomacy makes extensive use of symbols, rituals and ceremonies. This practice is related to the nature of the state and diplomatic representation: (a) states and their intentions can be objectified through symbols, symbolic actions and interactions; and (b) diplomatic agencies and agents symbolically represent the state. Symbolism in diplomacy helps people to capture the meaning of international affairs and socially and individually to experience states and inter-state relations. Symbols, rituals and ceremonies in diplomacy are designed to create a shared sense and also to motivate and regulate the moods of groups and individuals who directly or indirectly participate in or observe diplomatic practice. Linguistics, imagery and ritualistic/ceremonial formats of symbolism exist in diplomatic practice. Each can have communicative, regulative and affective functions. Symbolism is meaningful and instrumental in making sense of states and international politics and in managing and regulating inter-state relations. However, diplomatic symbolism can also be used formally and manipulatively.
In its broadest sense, diplomacy refers to the conduct of human affairs by peaceful means, employing techniques of persuasion and negotiation. In the more specific sphere of international politics, through the utilisation of such techniques, it has come to be regarded as one of the key processes characterising the international system and a defining institution of the system of sovereign states - often referred to as the "Westphalian" system after the 1684 Peace of Westphalia. Its usage, however, embraces some important distinctions. First, at the state level, it has frequently been used (particularly in studies of diplomatic history) as a synonym for foreign policy – as in "Russian", "German" and "Japanese" diplomacy (foreign policy). More commonly, however, it is used to refer to one means by which such policies are implemented. Second, viewed as an institution of the international system, a distinction can be made between diplomacy as a set of processes and as a set of structures through which these processes are conducted. Debates about the continuing utility of diplomacy in contemporary international politics frequently reflect confusion between these meanings. In the course of the following discussion, the origins of diplomacy are outlined together with differing analytical approaches to its nature and significance as a feature of international politics. The changing nature of diplomatic processes is then discussed followed by an examination of the evolution of the structures through which diplomacy has been conducted at both the state and international levels.
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In: The Hague journal of diplomacy, Band 4, Heft 2, S. 143-165
ISSN: 1871-191X
AbstractDiverse shifts have taken place in both the daily practice and academic analyses of diplomacy. The authors argue that the various conceptualizations do not sufficiently take into account that diplomacy is increasingly concerned with influencing or shaping structures. The aim of this article is therefore to reappraise the nature of diplomacy in general and of the European Union in particular by elaborating on the concept structural diplomacy. This concept refers to the process of dialogue and negotiation by which actors in the international system seek to influence or shape sustainable external political, legal, economic, social and security structures at different relevant levels in a given geographic space (from the level of the individual and society, to the state, regional and global levels). The EU's institutional and diplomatic set-up allows it to conduct structural diplomacy. However, the extent and effectiveness of this diplomacy strongly differ depending on the regions in question.
In: Global policy: gp, Band 13, Heft 4, S. 606-613
ISSN: 1758-5899
AbstractIn this article, we analyze science diplomacy, for the first time, as a new type of political tool that can influence and nurture the functioning of presidential diplomacy. We conduct this analysis in the context of the global crisis produced by COVID‐19, considering the struggle to obtain both vaccines and the technology to develop them. We discuss the Russian‐Argentine relationship during the pandemic emergency in the Southern Cone. This case provides a valuable framework to make valid recommendations to incorporate and coordinate science diplomacy actions concerning presidential diplomacy.
Intro -- Halftitle Page -- Title Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction: Contemporary diplomacy in action -- 1 The globalization of insecurity and the new imperative for cooperation -- 2 Engaging with proxy groups and indirect state influence in Ukraine and Syria -- 3 Approaches to strategic resets in diplomacy: The case of the Fifth Marquess of Lansdowne -- 4 The Middle East and North Africa in the twenty-first century: An analysis of social media impact and corresponding diplomatic trends -- 5 Defining environmental interest: Identity, discourse and American engagement with global environmental frameworks -- 6 Diplomacy and domestic populations -- 7 'Information War' - The Russian strategy that blends diplomacy and war -- 8 Social movements, diplomacy and relationships of trust -- 9 Embody, empower and relate: Emotions in international leadership -- 10 Gender and diversity in diplomacy -- Conclusion -- Select bibliography -- Index -- Imprint.
In: Review of international studies: RIS, Band 19, Heft 1, S. 91-100
ISSN: 1469-9044
Chiefly for the wrong reasons, diplomacy has recently made some notable incursions into international relations programmes at British universities. For, in the field of money-spinning taught Master's degrees, this subject has been perceived as a crowd puller. Out there, beyond the European Community with its aggravatingly-low fee levels, are, it is calculated, many who will be attracted by an MA with 'diplomatic' in its title. With some ground, it is believed they see that sort of degree as a passport to a position in the much-sought-after diplomatic ranks. Furthermore, in the same regions lie beginning diplomats who could be said to need some vocational underpinning,
not to mention those longer-employed in diplomacy who would benefit in mid-career from intellectual refreshment. The British Statue of Education beckons, its own distinctive torch held high aloft. And, to ensure that its light does not go unnoticed, Vice-Chancellors despatch glossy brochures to the British Council and their recruiting officers, hot foot, to distant parts.
In: The Hague journal of diplomacy, Band 8, Heft 1, S. 49-78
ISSN: 1871-191X
Summary
In late 2011 and early 2012, the People's Republic of China drew on its most unique diplomatic tool: the giant panda. Although this phenomenon is widely covered by the global media, the practice of panda diplomacy is only barely discussed in diplomatic or international relations studies. This article uses the most recent revival of this diplomatic practice for a closer analysis and locates it as a special version of animal diplomacy within the frame of public diplomacy. It first argues that panda diplomacy is — besides all the efforts to promote and support animal conservation and biological research — a political undertaking, which is symbolically used by the Chinese government to win hearts and minds in selected foreign countries. Second, it highlights an important aspect of some Chinese public diplomacy initiatives, namely China's ability to integrate international partners in its attempts to shape its global image.
In: The Hague journal of diplomacy, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 197-214
ISSN: 1871-191X
Many flashpoints of violence and conflict around the world involve religious actors both as part of the crisis and potentially part of the solution. Until recently, however, states have been slow to see a role for religion in diplomacy. In this article, which is taken from a lecture that he delivered to the London Academy of Diplomacy, the author explores the notion of faith-based diplomacy and delineates the characteristics of a faith-based diplomat. The argument is that a religious view of the world functions as a Gestalt through which events and data in the public arena are filtered. The faith-based diplomat is one whose religious knowledge and skills allow the diplomat to decode the religious rhetoric by which crises are often articulated. As in the case of Northern Ireland, peace has a chance when the rhetoric is decoded and when local religious actors are party to the diplomatic process.
In: Diplomacy and statecraft, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 655-682
ISSN: 1557-301X
In: Creation of new contemporary Asian studies 16
In: Diplomacy and statecraft, Band 17, Heft 3, S. 497-522
ISSN: 1557-301X