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O promicanju međunarodne pravde: SAD i Međunarodni kazneni sud ; On upholding international justice: The U.S. and the International Criminal Court
Međunarodni kazneni sud novo je međunarodno tijelo kojem je glavni cilj istraga i suđenje slučajeva genocida, ratnih zločina, te zločina protiv čovječnosti u zemljama članicama. Iako su Sjedinjene Američke Države u 2000. potpisale Rimski statut, međunarodnu povelju iz 1998. koja predstavlja osnovicu Međunarodnog kaznenog suda, Busheva vlada napravila je velik zaokret godinu dana kasnije, potpuno se ograđujući od svake ideje o suđenju Amerikancima izvan zemlje. Tekst analizira glavne argumente američke vanjske politike povezane s Međunarodnim kaznenim sudom, od navodne pristranosti Suda, te odnosa između Suda i Ujedinjenih naroda, pa sve do pitanja američkog suvereniteta. Također, ponuđena je i međunarodnopravna politička kritika nedavnih poteza američke vlade, koji štete i američkim nacionalnim interesima, i međunarodnoj sigurnosti. ; The International Criminal Court is a new international body constituted with the aim of prosecuting and trying cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Although in 2000 the United States signed the 1998 Rome Statute, which is the foundation of the International Criminal Court, the Bush Administration took a radically different position the following year, protecting itself from any idea of trying American citizens abroad. This text analyses the main U.S. foreign policy arguments pertaining to the ICC, from the alleged impartiality of the Court and the relationship between the Court and the United Nations, to the question of American sovereignty. In addition, the text offers an international legal and political critique of the recent U.S. policy actions, which harmed both American national interests, as well as international security.
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Značaj edukacije u oblasti kriminalistike i kriminologije kao faktor uspjeha u sigurnosnom sistemu na Kosovu / The importance of education in the field of criminal justice and criminology as a success factor in the security system in Kosovo
Opšte poznato je da sigurnosni sistem i drugi sistemi određeni su i zavisni od političkog sistema i Ustavnog poretka, takođe i kvalitet sigurnosnog sistema u jednoj državi zavisi i od mnogih drugih faktora , ali značajnih u određenim vremenskim periodima. Edukacija, profiliranje u edukacionom smislu je faktor od značaja u današnjem vremenu, pogotovo kada imamo u vidu transnacionalne sigurnosne izazove i razne druge izvore ugrožavanja. Sigurnosni sistem Kosova je, vremenski rečeno, kasnije konsolidiran u uporedbi sa drugim sistemima, poznavajući delikatnost oblasti sigurnosti u mladoj državi, ali zahvaljujući i edukaciji i školovanjem mladih kadrova kroz nekoliko programa studija,ovaj sistem je kvalitetno kosolidiran u profesionalnom smislu, i kvalitet usluga ovog sistema je bio na očekivajućem nivou. To znači da sigurnosnostanje na Kosovu je bilo, a i sada je na zadovoljavajućem nivou, ili drugačije rečeno, u prosjeku stanje je sigurnosno gledajući stabiljnije nego u drugim državama u regiji. Profil kriminalista i kriminologa na Kosovu do 2009.godine bio manje poznat u javnosti dok u raznim konkursima nije nigdje bio evidentiran kao profil ili smjer, dok poslije završetka i diplomiranja kadrova iz prve generacije programa Kriminalistike i Kriminologije i zaposlenja određenog broja istih, javnost i institucije su sa skepsom prihvatili, ali brzo i shvatili značaj i doprinos ovog profila u sigurnosnom sistemu Kosova. Danas svjedočimo implementaciji tih mladih kvalificiranih školovanih kadrova koji stvaraju radne odnose i ugovore u zaposlenju u podsistemima sigurnosnog sistema Kosova. Prezentacija geneze, tog sada već dugoročnog, uspjeha cilj je ovog autorskog uradka. --- It is generally known that the security system and other systems are defined by and dependent on the political system and constitutional order;also the quality of the security system in one country depends on many other factors, relative to given time periods. Education, profiling in an educational sense, is the factor of importance today, especially when we take into account the transnational security challenges and a variety of other sources of threats. Security system in Kosovo is recently consolidated in comparison with other systems, given the delicacy of the area of security in the young country, but thanks to the training and education of young staff through a number of programs of study, one can say that this system is well consolidated in the professional sense, and in the quality of its services. This means that security in Kosovo was, and still is at a satisfactory level, or in other words, the average balance of the security appears more stable than in other countries in the region. Profile of a criminalist and criminologists in Kosovo was less known to the public until 2009 when the first cohort graduated in Criminal Justice and Criminology. They were consequently employed even thouhg not without a doze of initial scepticism; however, employers quickly realized the importance and contribution of the profiles in the security system in Kosovo. Today we are witnessing performance of these young qualified educated professionals employed in the subsystems of the security system in Kosovo. The main purpose of this article is to present the this already long-termsuccess of this new profile of professionals in the Kosovo security system.
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Hrvatska na raskrizju - EU-ICTY rasprava
In: Međunarodne studije: časopis za međunarodne odnose, vanjsku politiku i diplomaciju, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 114-120
ISSN: 1332-4756
Operacija poslednja prilika: potraga za nacističkim zločincima
In: Biblioteka Platforma knjiga 63
Uloga i položaj europskog javnog tužitelja u hrvatskom prethodnom postupku ; The Role and Position of the European Public Prosecutor in Croatian Preliminary Proceedings
Sažetak Financijski interesi Europske unije danas nisu dovoljno zaštićeni, a na prekogranične prijevare povezane s PDV-om otpada velik dio gubitaka u nacionalnim proračunima. Postojećim tijelima Europske unije, Europskom uredu za borbu protiv prijevara (OLAF), Agenciji Europske unije za suradnju u području kaznenog pravosuđa (Eurojust) i Europskom policijskom uredu (Europol) nedostaju potrebna ovlaštenja za provođenje kaznenih istraga i progon počinitelja kaznenih dijela počinjenih na štetu financijskih interesa Europske unije. Stoga su države članice Europske unije zaključile da im je u borbi protiv počinitelja kaznenih djela počinjenih na štetu financijskih interesa Europske unije nužna pojačana suradnja osnivanjem neovisnog i visoko specijaliziranog ureda tužiteljstva, čiji će tužitelji provoditi istrage na usklađen način u svim državama članicama sudionica, te će brzo razmjenjivati informacije i udružiti napore kako bi osigurali koordinirane istrage, te brzo zamrzavanje ili oduzimanje imovine u cilju što učinkovitije zaštite financijskih interesa Europske unije. Integracija Ureda europskog javnog tužitelja (u daljnjem tekstu: EPPO ) u nacionalne pravne sustave država članica sudionica zahtijevat će promjene određenih zakonskih propisa, pa tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Stoga će i kaznenopravni sustav Republike Hrvatske morati doživjeti određene prilagodbe i izmjene. Prilagodbe će biti nužne u načinu rada i postupanju državnih odvjetnika ali i drugih sudionika u kaznenom postupku, osobito u prethodnom postupku, u kojem će EPPO putem europskih delegiranih tužitelja obavljati sve radnje i preuzeti prava i obveze državnih odvjetnika. The Role and Position of the European Public Prosecutor in Croatian Preliminary Proceedings The present financial interests of the European Union are not sufficiently protected, and VAT-related cross-border frauds account for extensive losses in national budgets. Existing EU bodies, the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF), the European Union's Judicial Cooperation Unit (Eurojust) and the European Union's law enforcement agency (Europol) lack the necessary powers to conduct criminal investigations and prosecute perpetrators of criminal offences committed to the detriment of financial interests of the European Union. To combat the perpetrators of criminal offences committed to the detriment of the European Union's financial interests, the EU Member States recognized the need for enhanced cooperation. Thus, by setting up an independent and highly specialized prosecutor's office, whose prosecutors will conduct investigations in a coordinated manner in all participating Member States, information will be exchanged swiftly, and forces joined to ensure coordinated investigations, rapid seizure and confiscation of assets in order to protect the European Union's financial interests as effectively as possible. The integration of the European Public Prosecutor's Office (hereinafter: EPPO) into the national legal systems of the participating Member States will require changes in their legislation, the Republic of Croatia included. Therefore, the criminal justice system of the Republic of Croatia will have to undergo certain adjustments and changes. How prosecutors and other criminal proceedings participants work and act will need to be adjusted especially in the preliminary proceedings in which EPPO will perform all actions and assume the rights and obligations of the prosecutors through the European Delegated Prosecutors. Keywords: European Public Prosecutor's Office, European prosecutors, European Delegated Prosecutors, the financial interest of the EU, Council Regulation implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the EPPO, PIF Directive. ; Financial interests of the European Union are not sufficiently protected nowadays, and VAT-related cross-border frauds account for much of the losses in national budgets. Existing EU bodies, the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF), the European Union's judicial cooperation unit (Eurojust) and the European Union's law enforcement agency (Europol) lack the necessary powers to conduct criminal investigations and prosecute perpetrators of criminal offences committed to the detriment of financial interests of the European Union. Therefore, EU Member States concluded that in order to combat perpetrators of criminal offences committed to the detriment of the European Union's financial interests, enhanced cooperation is needed by setting up an independent and highly specialized prosecutor's office, whose prosecutors will conduct investigations in a coordinated manner in all participating Member States, and swiftly exchange information and join forces to ensure coordinated investigations, rapid seizure and confiscation of assets in order to protect the European Union's financial interests as effectively as possible. The integration of the European Public Prosecutor's Office (hereinafter: EPPO) into the national legal systems of the participating Member States will require changes in certain legislation, including in the Republic of Croatia. Therefore, the criminal justice system of the Republic of Croatia will have to undergo certain adjustments and changes. The manner in which prosecutors and other criminal proceedings participants work and act will need to be adjusted especially in the preliminary proceedings in which EPPO will perform all actions and assume the rights and obligations of the prosecutors through the European Delegated Prosecutors.
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Uvodnik ; EDITORIAL
Poštovano čitateljstvo, pred vama je poseban broj Pravnog vjesnika pod naslovom "Konsenzualna pravda u hrvatskom kaznenom postupku", koji kroz pet znanstvenih radova raspravlja o različitim oblicima konsenzualnih postupaka u hrvatskom kaznenom procesnom pravu. Autori, redom istaknuti znanstvenici sa sva četiri pravna fakulteta u Republici Hrvatskoj, propituju temeljne aspekte pojedinih oblika konsenzualnih postupaka prvenstveno teorijskim, poredbenopravnim i normativnim pristupom, ali i analizirajući sudsku praksu te uzimajući u obzir europske pravne standarde i temeljna načela suvremenog kaznenog procesnog prava. Riječ je o člancima koji su rezultat rada na znanstveno-istraživačkom projektu Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu "Sustavni pristup modelima konsenzualne pravde u hrvatskom kaznenom postupku – NegJusCro" koji je financiran sredstvima Hrvatske zaklade za znanost. Aktivnosti na projektu usmjerene su prema sustavnoj znanstvenoj analizi problematike nagodbi u hrvatskom kaznenom procesnom pravu kako bi se razmotrili kritični nedostaci postojećeg normativnog okvira i prakse hrvatskih pravosudnih tijela u cilju predlaganja konkretnih zakonodavnih promjena za bolje i jasnije uređenje različitih konsenzualnih postupaka u hrvatskom pravu – i na normativnoj razini i u praksi. Prvi od pet radova posvećen je klasičnoj nagodbi u kaznenom postupku – presudi na temelju sporazuma stranaka. Autori Elizabeta Ivičević Karas, Ante Novokmet i Igor Martinović kroz poredbeni pristup analiziraju pojedine problematične aspekte nagodbe kako bi se utvrdilo ima li hrvatski model ovog konsenzualnog postupka neka specifična obilježja koja se možda razlikuju od razmatranih europskih poredbenopravnih rješenja te uzrokuju li upravo ta specifična obilježja određene teorijske i praktične probleme. U radu autora Elizabete Ivičević Karas, Zorana Burića i Matka Pajčića, također kroz poredbenopravnu perspektivu, razmatra se procesni položaj "suradnika pravosuđa" – (potencijalnih) osumnjičenika ili optuženika koji odluče surađivati s tijelima kaznenog progona doprinoseći otkrivanju i kaznenom progonu drugih teških kaznenih djela i počinitelja, prvenstveno svjedočenjem pred sudom. Posebna pozornost dana je pojedinim pitanjima zakonitosti ispitivanja krunskog svjedoka i osobe s imunitetom svjedoka iz prakse Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Autori Zlata Đurđević, Marin Bonačić i Marija Pleić u radu o kaznenom nalogu u hrvatskoj i poredbenoj perspektivni sveobuhvatno analiziraju zakonodavni okvir i sudsku praksu kako bi se utvrdile osobitosti hrvatskog uređenja kaznenog naloga, a posebno nedostaci postojećeg normativnog okvira i prakse. Posebna pozornost posvećena je pretpostavkama za izdavanje kaznenog naloga, sudskoj kontroli optužnice kojom se traži izdavanje kaznenog naloga, pravima obrane u postupku prije izdavanja kaznenog naloga i položaju žrtve. O uvjetnoj odgodi (odustanku) od kaznenog progona rad su napisali Zoran Burić, Marija Pleić i Ivana Radić sagledavajući u poredbenom kontekstu korisnost i svrhovitost tog instituta te uzimajući u obzir kaznena djela na koja se može primijeniti, ulogu suda, prava okrivljenika i položaj žrtve kaznenog djela. Rad posvećen učincima okrivljenikova priznanja krivnje tijekom rasprave u kaznenom postupku napisali su Igor Martinović i Ivana Radić. U njemu razmatraju utjecaj i pravne posljedice priznanja krivnje u kontinentalno-europskom i angloameričkom pravu, a posebice položaj optuženika nakon priznanja danog na raspravi, učinke priznanja, ulogu suda u daljnjem postupku i prava žrtve kaznenog djela. Već iz ovako načelno prikazanih tema pojedinih radova vidljiva je iznimna predanost autora ostvarivanju zacrtanih projektnih zadataka. Posvećujući poseban broj Pravnog vjesnika ovoj zanimljivoj i nadasve aktualnoj temi, čiju je važnost za hrvatski pravni poredak uočila i podržala Hrvatska zaklada za znanost, vjerujemo da ćemo potaknuti daljnju raspravu o značaju i o svrhovitosti različitih konsenzualnih oblika postupanja kako u Hrvatskoj tako i kontinentalno-europskom okruženju. ; Dear readers, In front of you is a special issue of the Journal of Law entitled, "Consensual Justice in Croatian Criminal Procedure", which, in five published studies, addresses various forms of consensual procedures in Croatian criminal procedural law. The authors, prominent scholars from all four law faculties in the Republic of Croatia, question the basic aspects of certain forms of consensual procedures primarily through theoretical, comparative and normative approaches but also through the analysis of case law, taking into account European legal standards and basic principles of contemporary criminal procedure law. These articles are the result of a research project of the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb — "Systematic approach to models of negotiated justice in Croatian criminal procedure – NegJusCro" — which is funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. Project activities are aimed at a systematic scientific analysis of the issue of consensual justice in Croatian criminal procedure law in order to consider the critical shortcomings of the existing normative framework and practice of Croatian judicial bodies to propose concrete legislative changes for the better and clearer regulation of various consensual procedures in Croatian law — both at the normative level and in practice. The first of the five papers is dedicated to the classic plea-bargaining in criminal proceedings — a judgment based on the agreement of the parties. Authors Elizabeta Ivičević Karas, Ante Novokmet and Igor Martinović use a comparative approach to analyze some problematic aspects of the agreement in order to determine whether the Croatian model of this consensual procedure has some specific features that may differ from the analyzed solutions in comparative law and whether these specific features actually cause certain theoretical and practical problems. The paper of Elizabeta Ivičević Karas, Zoran Burić and Matko Pajčić, also through a comparative legal perspective, discusses the procedural position of "collaborators of justice"— (potential) suspects or defendants who choose to cooperate with the authorities by contributing to the detection and prosecution of other serious crimes and perpetrators, primarily by testifying before the court. Special attention was paid to certain issues of the legality of the examination of a crown witness and a person with witness immunity from the practice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia. Authors Zlata Đurđević, Marin Bonačić and Marija Pleić consider the penal order in Croatian law in their paper and from a comparative perspective, comprehensively analyzing the legislative framework and jurisprudence in order to determine the peculiarities of the penal order in Croatia, focusing on the shortcomings of the existing normative framework and practice. Special attention is given to the requirements for the issuing of the penal order, the judicial control of the indictment requesting a penal order, the defense rights in the proceedings before issuing a penal order and the position of the victim. Zoran Burić, Marija Pleić and Ivana Radić wrote a paper about the conditional deferral (and withdrawal) from criminal prosecution, considering the usefulness and purposefulness of that institute in a comparative context, taking into account the criminal offenses to which it can be applied, the role of the court, the rights of the defendant and the position of the victim. A paper devoted to the effects of the defendant's admission of guilt during the criminal proceedings was written by Igor Martinović and Ivana Radić. It discusses the impact and legal consequences of a guilty plea in continental European and Anglo-American law, in particular the position of the accused after the confession given at the trial, the effects of the confession, the role of the court in further proceedings and the rights of the victim. The exceptional commitment of the authors to the realization of the set project tasks can already be seen from such a short presentation of individual papers. We believe that by dedicating a special issue of the Journal of Law to this interesting and above all current topic — of such importance for the Croatian legal order, as was noticed and supported by the Croatian Science Foundation — we will encourage further discussion on the importance and purpose of various consensual forms in Croatia as well in continental Europe.
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EDITORIAL ; UVODNIK
Dear readers, In front of you is a special issue of the Journal of Law entitled, "Consensual Justice in Croatian Criminal Procedure", which, in five published studies, addresses various forms of consensual procedures in Croatian criminal procedural law. The authors, prominent scholars from all four law faculties in the Republic of Croatia, question the basic aspects of certain forms of consensual procedures primarily through theoretical, comparative and normative approaches but also through the analysis of case law, taking into account European legal standards and basic principles of contemporary criminal procedure law. These articles are the result of a research project of the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb — "Systematic approach to models of negotiated justice in Croatian criminal procedure – NegJusCro" — which is funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. Project activities are aimed at a systematic scientific analysis of the issue of consensual justice in Croatian criminal procedure law in order to consider the critical shortcomings of the existing normative framework and practice of Croatian judicial bodies to propose concrete legislative changes for the better and clearer regulation of variousconsensual procedures in Croatian law — both at the normative level and in practice. The first of the five papers is dedicated to the classic plea-bargaining in criminal proceedings — a judgment based on the agreement of the parties. Authors Elizabeta Ivičević Karas, Ante Novokmet and Igor Martinović use a comparative approach to analyze some problematic aspects of the agreement in order to determine whether the Croatian model of this consensual procedure has some specific features that may differ from the analyzed solutions in comparative law and whether these specific features actually cause certain theoretical and practical problems. The paper of Elizabeta Ivičević Karas, Zoran Burić and Matko Pajčić, also through a comparative legal perspective, discusses the procedural position of "collaborators of justice"— (potential) suspects or defendants who choose to cooperate with the authorities by contributing to the detection and prosecution of other serious crimes and perpetrators, primarily by testifying before the court. Special attention was paid to certain issues of the legality of the examination of a crown witness and a person with witness immunity from the practice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia. Authors Zlata Đurđević, Marin Bonačić and Marija Pleić consider the penal order in Croatian law in their paper and from a comparative perspective, comprehensively analyzing the legislative framework and jurisprudence in order to determine the peculiarities of the penal order in Croatia, focusing on the shortcomings of the existing normative framework and practice. Special attention is given to the requirements for the issuing of the penal order, the judicial control of the indictment requesting a penal order, the defense rights in the proceedings before issuing a penal order and the position of the victim. Zoran Burić, Marija Pleić and Ivana Radić wrote a paper about the conditional deferral (and withdrawal) from criminal prosecution, considering the usefulness and purposefulness of that institute in a comparative context, taking into account the criminal offenses to which it can be applied, the role of the court, the rights of the defendant and the position of the victim. A paper devoted to the effects of the defendant's admission of guilt during the criminal proceedings was written by Igor Martinović and Ivana Radić. It discusses the impact and legal consequences of a guilty plea in continental European and Anglo-American law, in particular the position of the accused after the confession given at the trial, the effects of the confession, the role of the court in further proceedings and the rights of the victim. The exceptional commitment of the authors to the realization of the set project tasks can already be seen from such a short presentation of individual papers. We believe that by dedicating a special issue of the Journal of Law to this interesting and above all current topic — of such importance for the Croatian legal order, as was noticed and supported by the Croatian Science Foundation — we will encourage further discussion on the importance and purpose of various consensual forms in Croatia as well in continental Europe. ; Poštovano čitateljstvo, pred vama je poseban broj Pravnog vjesnika pod naslovom "Konsenzualna pravda u hrvatskom kaznenom postupku", koji kroz pet znanstvenih radova raspravlja o različitim oblicima konsenzualnih postupaka u hrvatskom kaznenom procesnom pravu. Autori, redom istaknuti znanstvenici sa sva četiri pravna fakulteta u Republici Hrvatskoj, propituju temeljne aspekte pojedinih oblika konsenzualnih postupaka prvenstveno teorijskim, poredbenopravnim i normativnim pristupom, ali i analizirajući sudsku praksu te uzimajući u obzir europske pravne standarde i temeljna načela suvremenog kaznenog procesnog prava. Riječ je o člancima koji su rezultat rada na znanstveno-istraživačkom projektu Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu "Sustavni pristup modelima konsenzualne pravde u hrvatskom kaznenom postupku – NegJusCro" koji je financiran sredstvima Hrvatske zaklade za znanost. Aktivnosti na projektu usmjerene su prema sustavnoj znanstvenoj analizi problematike nagodbi u hrvatskom kaznenom procesnom pravu kako bi se razmotrili kritični nedostaci postojećeg normativnog okvira i prakse hrvatskih pravosudnih tijela u cilju predlaganja konkretnih zakonodavnih promjena za bolje i jasnije uređenje različitih konsenzualnih postupaka u hrvatskom pravu – i na normativnoj razini i u praksi. Prvi od pet radova posvećen je klasičnoj nagodbi u kaznenom postupku – presudi na temelju sporazuma stranaka. Autori Elizabeta Ivičević Karas, Ante Novokmet i Igor Martinović kroz poredbeni pristup analiziraju pojedine problematične aspekte nagodbe kako bi se utvrdilo ima li hrvatski model ovog konsenzualnog postupka neka specifična obilježja koja se možda razlikuju od razmatranih europskih poredbenopravnih rješenja te uzrokuju li upravo ta specifična obilježja određene teorijske i praktične probleme. U radu autora Elizabete Ivičević Karas, Zorana Burića i Matka Pajčića, također kroz poredbenopravnu perspektivu, razmatra se procesni položaj "suradnika pravosuđa" – (potencijalnih) osumnjičenika ili optuženika koji odluče surađivati s tijelima kaznenog progona doprinoseći otkrivanju i kaznenom progonu drugih teških kaznenih djela i počinitelja, prvenstveno svjedočenjem pred sudom. Posebna pozornost dana je pojedinim pitanjima zakonitosti ispitivanja krunskog svjedoka i osobe s imunitetom svjedoka iz prakse Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Autori Zlata Đurđević, Marin Bonačić i Marija Pleić u radu o kaznenom nalogu u hrvatskoj i poredbenoj perspektivni sveobuhvatno analiziraju zakonodavni okvir i sudsku praksu kako bi se utvrdile osobitosti hrvatskog uređenja kaznenog naloga, a posebno nedostaci postojećeg normativnog okvira i prakse. Posebna pozornost posvećena je pretpostavkama za izdavanje kaznenog naloga, sudskoj kontroli optužnice kojom se traži izdavanje kaznenog naloga, pravima obrane u postupku prije izdavanja kaznenog naloga i položaju žrtve. O uvjetnoj odgodi (odustanku) od kaznenog progona rad su napisali Zoran Burić, Marija Pleić i Ivana Radić sagledavajući u poredbenom kontekstu korisnost i svrhovitost tog instituta te uzimajući u obzir kaznena djela na koja se može primijeniti, ulogu suda, prava okrivljenika i položaj žrtve kaznenog djela. Rad posvećen učincima okrivljenikova priznanja krivnje tijekom rasprave u kaznenom postupku napisali su Igor Martinović i Ivana Radić. U njemu razmatraju utjecaj i pravne posljedice priznanja krivnje u kontinentalno-europskom i angloameričkom pravu, a posebice položaj optuženika nakon priznanja danog na raspravi, učinke priznanja, ulogu suda u daljnjem postupku i prava žrtve kaznenog djela. Već iz ovako načelno prikazanih tema pojedinih radova vidljiva je iznimna predanost autora ostvarivanju zacrtanih projektnih zadataka. Posvećujući poseban broj Pravnog vjesnika ovoj zanimljivoj i nadasve aktualnoj temi, čiju je važnost za hrvatski pravni poredak uočila i podržala Hrvatska zaklada za znanost, vjerujemo da ćemo potaknuti daljnju raspravu o značaju i o svrhovitosti različitih konsenzualnih oblika postupanja kako u Hrvatskoj tako i kontinentalno-europskom okruženju.
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Politika retribucije u Europi nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata: The policy of retribution in Europe after World War II
In: Časopis za suvremenu povijest: Journal of contemporary history, Band 50, Heft 1, S. 7-34
ISSN: 0590-9597
World Affairs Online
Pravci reforme institucionalnog ustroja upravnog sudstva u Republici Hrvatskoj ; DIRECTIONS OF REFORM OF THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIARY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Cilj je ovoga rada razmotriti je li Hrvatskoj potrebna institucionalna reforma upravnosudskog sustava te koje alternative Hrvatskoj stoje na raspolaganju odluči li se za ovu reformu. Rad je podijeljen u pet dijelova. Nakon uvodnog dijela u kojem autor općenito problematizira o važnosti sudskog nadzora zakonitosti rada uprave i upravnog spora, analizira se stanje institucionalnog ustroja upravnog spora u Hrvatskoj danas. Zatim se razmatraju modeli ustroja upravnog spora u nekim europskim državama te se nastoji utvrditi postoji li jedinstveni europski model institucionalnog ustroja upravnog sudstva. Slijedi prikaz mogućih reformskih alternativa ukoliko se Hrvatska za takvu reformu odluči. U zaključku, autor sumira analiziranu problematiku te modele njezinog mogućeg prevladavanja. ; The aim of this paper is to examine whether Croatia needs institutional reform of the administrative judicial system and which alternatives Croatia has at its disposal if it decides upon this reform. This paper is divided into fi ve parts. After the introductory part, in which the author generally problematises the importance of judicial supervision of the legality of the work of administration and administrative dispute resolution, the state of the institutional structure of administrative dispute resolution in Croatia today is analysed. Then, organisational models of administrative dispute resloution in certain European countries are considered and an attempt is made at trying to establish whether a unitary European model of institutional organisation of administrative judiciary exists. An analysis of possible reform alternatives follows in so far as Croatia decides on such reform. In the conclusion, the author summarises the analysis of the problem areas and models of its possible prevalence.
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Sankcioniranje terorizma u sustavu Ujedinjenih naroda ; Sanctioning of Terrorism in the System of the United Nations
Rad se bavi analizom reakcija Ujedinjenih naroda na zločin terorizma u obliku inkriminacije terorizma u nizu konvencija prihvaćenih u krilu te organizacije, no još više u obliku moralnih, ali i pravnih sankcija sadržanih u političkim osudama neobvezujućih rezolucija Opće skupštine, posebice tijekom hladnog rata, kao i u obvezujućim sankcijskim rezolucijama Vijeća sigurnosti počevši od 90-ih godina prošlog stoljeća. Pritom rad upućuje na specifičan razvojni proces koji počinje sankcijama prema državama odgovornima za tzv. "državni terorizam", a u posljednjih 15-ak godina sankcije su se gotovo potpuno usmjerile prema terorističkim organizacijama kao nedržavnim akterima te su razvojem međunarodnoga kaznenog pravosuđa otvorile prostor i individualnoj međunarodnoj kaznenoj odgovornosti za taj zločin. ; This paper analyzes the United Nations' reactions to the international crime of terrorism. It focuses on counter-terrorism international conventions adopted within the UN, as well as on moral and political sanctions contained in non-binding resolutions of the General Assembly during the period of the so-called ˝Cold war˝. However, the main focus of this research is on the analysis of legally binding resolutions adopted by the Security Council starting from the 1990s. The analysis of the development of the Security Council's resolutions adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter indicates that these resolutions, initially addressed to states responsible for the so- called ˝state terrorism˝, gradually became directed exclusively towards terrorist organizations as non-state actors. In this context, the ˝ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List˝ of the Security Council is being continuously expanded with names of individuals as well as of other non-state ˝entities and other groups˝ affected by these sanctions. Unfortunately, compared to the beginnig of 2015, when only 70 ˝entities and other groups˝ were listed, in March 2017 their number increased to over 360. These ˝entities and other groups˝, which originate from Tunisia, Mali, Albania, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, the Comoros, Pakistan, Indonesia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Arabian Peninsula, Libya, Sudan, Egypt, the Caucasus region, Uzbekistan, and even Bosnia and Herzegovina, differ in various ways. Some of the above mentioned ˝entities˝ aim at overthrowing the government of their country, just like ˝classical˝ insurgents as temporary subjects of international law. Other non-state actors' activities are directed towards establishing a new state (for example, Ansar Eddine, Mouvement national de libération de l'Azawad – MNLA in Mali, Sudan People's Liberation Movement – SPLM in South Sudan). International crimes committed by these organizations are not only the object of the resolutions of the Security Council, but they are also in the focus of interest of the International Criminal Court (the ICC). Although the international crime of terrorism is not covered by the jurisdiction of the ICC under the Rome Statute, certain international crimes committed by terrorists or under the auspices of terrorist organizations share some common features with crimes against humanity, which fall under the jurisdiction of the ICC. Thus, the ICC indirectly contributes to the sanctioning for the crime of terrorism. Further evolution of the international criminal justice, both through the jurisprudence of the ICC and other ad hoc international and ˝hybrid˝ courts, will most certainly contribute to the development of international criminal liability of individuals for the crime of terrorism.
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Prilagodbe hrvatske javne uprave europskim standardima ; Harmonization of the Croatian Public Administration with the European Administrative Standards
Faza europeizacije hrvatske javne uprave započela je 2001. godine. Obuhvaća značajne promjene u središnjoj državnoj upravi, javnim službama (službama od općeg interesa), lokalnoj i regionalnoj samoupravi, službeničkom sustavu, upravnom obrazovanju, općem upravnom pravu te u sustavu pravne zaštite građana. U svim tim područjima razvijaju se značajni europski standardi, koji služe kao oslonac harmonizacije javnih uprava europskih zemalja. Europske standarde razvijaju Europska unija, Vijeće Europe, ali i same europske zemlje međusobnom razmjenom i učenjem. Reformama hrvatske uprave želi se ojačati upravne kapacitete, ostvarenje standarda dobrog europskog upravljanja i efektivni ulazak u zajednički europski upravni prostor. Europska je unija nametnula politiku i mehanizme kondicionalnosti te osigurala značajna financijska sredstva, projekte i stručnu potporu upravnim reformama u Hrvatskoj. Prilagodbe su u tijeku, a usprkos općenito dobrim rezultatima, ostaje značajni prostor za punu europeizaciju, u smislu postizanja odgovarajućih učinaka hrvatske javne uprave. ; Europeanization of the Croatian public administration formally started in 2001. This phase has encompassed important changes of the central state administration, services of general interest, local and regional self-government, civil service, administrative education and in-service training, general administrative law and system of legal protection of citizens. Reforms have been oriented towards strengthening administrative capacities, acquiring standards of good European governance, and effective entrance into common European Administrative Space. During that phase, till the Croatian accession, the European Union imposed conditionality policy and mechanisms, and ensured huge financial and expert support to the reforms. Reforms at the central level consisted of agencification, professionalisation and depoliticisation of the civil service, Europeanization of a significant part of sectoral public policies and strengthening openness and ethical standards. The purposes of reforms at the local and regional levels have been strengthening democratic legitimacy, reorientation towards economic development, and realisation of prerequisites for more efficient regional policy in line with European regional and structural policy. A new concept of services of general interest along with liberalisation, privatisation and commercialisation policy has been realised. Independent regulation of services of general economic interest and fostering better quality of non-economic services of general interest have been developed. Legal protection of citizens has been strengthened by introducing two-tier administrative justice and realisation of standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of the Council of Europe, parallel with some administrative simplification. The right to good administration, established by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, has attracted increased attention. Certain steps towards quality modern education for key administrative personnel have been made.
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Europeizacija javne uprave i načelo otvorenosti ; Europeanization of Public Administration and the Principle of Openness
Otvorenost javne uprave, koja uključuje njenu vidljivost i dostupnost građanima, ali i mogućnost sudjelovanja građana u donošenju odluka, formuliranju politika i propisa, jedno je od temeljnih načela europskoga upravnog prostora. Europska unija prepoznaje otvorenost kao jedno od temeljnih načela funkcioniranja institucija na europskoj razini te potiče zemlje članice i kandidatkinje na usvajanje i ostvarivanje otvorenosti u upravnoj praksi, uglavnom putem mehanizama mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj su procesi europeizacije započeli početkom 2000-ih, a u sklopu brojnih prilagodbi javne uprave, došlo je do napretka u ostvarivanju transparentnosti i otvorenosti javne uprave, posebno u završnim fazama procesa pristupanja u članstvo Europske unije. Pitanje otvorenosti javne uprave prepoznato je kao važan preventivni mehanizam unutar antikorupcijske politike, zbog čega je postalo dijelom europske politike kondicionalnosti. Premda su mehanizmi za ostvarivanje otvorenosti brojni, jedan od najčešćih su javne konzultacije ili savjetovanje sa zainteresiranom javnošću. Provođenje javnih konzultacija predmet je regulacije na europskoj razini. Praksa Europskog suda, preporuke Europske komisije i naglašavanje suradnje i razmjene dobre prakse, bez nametanja konkretnih obvezujućih pravila, upućuje na područje tzv. horizontalne europeizacije i dominaciju mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj je provođenje savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću regulirano prvenstveno Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama (NN 85/15) te drugim zakonima i propisima. U normativnom pogledu, napredak je ostvaren 2009. donošenjem Kodeksa savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću u postupcima donošenja zakona, drugih propisa i akata. U pogledu implementacije, međutim, napretka nije bilo sve do izmjena Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama 2013. i ustanovljavanja institucionalnog mehanizma za provođenje zakonskih odredbi. Usprkos tome, provedbu savjetovanja obilježavaju brojne manjkavosti, posebice na lokalnoj i regionalnoj razini, te u slučaju širokog spektra zakonom definiranih tijela javne vlasti. ; Public administration openness is one of the basic principles of the European administrative space, including public administration visibility and accessibility to citizens, as well as possibility of citizens' involvement in decision making, formulation of policies and regulations. The European Union recognizes openness as a fundamental principle for the functioning of institutions at the European level, but also encourages member and candidate states to adopt and achieve openness in the practice of national administrative organizations, mainly through soft law mechanisms. Since the 2000's, the process of Europeanization has led to numerous adjustments of the Croatian public administration, including the implementation of the principle of transparency and openness, especially during the final stages of the accession process. The issue of public administration openness has been recognized as an important preventive mechanism within the anticorruption policy and has consequently become a part of the European policy of conditionality. Although the instruments for achieving openness are numerous, one of the most common are public consultations or consultations with interested public. Public consultations are regulated at the European level. The practice of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Commission recommendations and promotion of cooperation and good practice exchange, without concrete binding rules, indicate that it is an area dominated by the so-called horizontal Europeanization and soft law. In Croatia, public consultations are primarily regulated by the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, but also by other laws and bylaws. Normative progress has been achieved in 2009 by issuing The Code of practice on consultation with the interested public in procedures of adopting laws, other regulations and acts. With respect to implementation, improvement has not been achieved before 2013 with amendments to the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, which introduced adequate institutional mechanism for the implementation process. However, the implementation of public consultations is still defective, particularly at the local and regional level, and in the case of the broad legal category of public authorities.
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