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Considerations on the reform of Ukraine's wartime criminal justice system
In: Cuestiones Políticas; Edición de octubre de 2022, Band 40, Heft 74, S. 779-803
ISSN: 2542-3185
The purpose of the article was to consider the main development trends in certain elements of the criminal justice system, which were integrated due to Russia's large-scale attack on the sovereign territories of Ukraine. The subject of the article is the institution of the reform of the Ukrainian criminal justice system. The legal bases ensuring the functioning of criminal justice institutions (in particular, the investigative bodies) are examined and the corresponding conceptual and categorical apparatus is analyzed. A review of selected elements of the criminal justice system during the war is conducted. The influence and significance of Ukraine's acquisition of EU candidate membership status on the functioning of certain elements of the criminal justice system is clarified. Finally, the content and essence of the main requirements of the EU to Ukraine, which can be the basis for conducting negotiations on the issue of Ukraine's final accession to the organization, are characterized. In the conclusions, directions and methods of reforming certain elements of the criminal justice system in the conditions of large-scale invasion are described.
International Standards for the Safety of Persons Assisting in Criminal Justice
In: Cuestiones Políticas, Band 37, Heft 65, S. 74-81
ISSN: 2542-3185
The objective of the research was to analyze some international standards for the safety of people who attend criminal justice from different approaches and perspectives of analysis. Based on a meaningful analysis of the provisions of international and regional regulatory legal acts, the document presents approaches to the formation of standards to ensure the safety of persons who contribute to criminal justice. Methodologically, the work applied the provisions of dialectics, general, special and particular scientific methods. In the course of the study, scientific-historical, formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic and comparative methods were also used. It is concluded that the system of security measures for people who cooperate with criminal justice has significant differences in the different national criminal justice systems, which complicates international relations and cooperation in this area and does not allow the international community to advise effectively and comprehensively, while continuously generating challenges and threats.
Standards of fair justice and their relationship to standards of proof in criminal proceedings
In: Cuestiones Políticas, Band 39, Heft 71, S. 957-971
ISSN: 2542-3185
The purpose of the article is to define the concept, system and content of fair justice standards and outline their relationship to standards of evidence in criminal proceedings. The purpose of the study is to reveal the content of the right to a fair trial, distinguish fair justice standards and establish its relationship with standards of evidence in criminal proceedings. The research methodology consists of comparative law, structural system methods and formal legal methods. The study found that testing standards are covered by justice standards, expanding, specifying, and clarifying their content. The content of the fair justice standards "examination of the case by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law", "adversarial procedure", "equality of the parties", "frankness of the examination of evidence", "presumption of innocence" and reveals the "motivation of judicial decisions". It is concluded that each of these concepts is a heuristic contribution to test standards. As a result of the study, the author's definition of the concept of "fair justice standards" is formulated and the concept is based on its relationship with the standards of evidence in criminal proceedings.
Establishment of the institution of covert investigation in the criminal justice system of Ukraine
In: Cuestiones Políticas, Band 39, Heft 69, S. 462-474
ISSN: 2542-3185
The purpose of the article is to study the formation of the covert investigation institution in the criminal justice system of Ukraine. The subject of research is the prerequisites for the establishment of this institution in Ukraine. Research methods are chosen considering the stated purpose and tasks, object, and topic of the study. Consequently, the article uses general and specific scientific methods. Among the results of the research, the realization of an analysis of the international experience of operation of similar institutions in developed countries stands out. Problematic issues of the formation of the covert investigation institution in Ukraine are identified. In conclusion, it is noted that Ukraine has opted for a covert investigation system, the mechanism of which is more geared towards solving crimes - "incidents", when it is not necessary to hide the fact of the investigation. In terms of the practical implications, the peculiarities of the operation of the covert investigation institution in the criminal justice system of Ukraine are highlighted and, based on the investigation carried out, the definition of the perpetrators of the mentioned legal category is offered.
INTERPRETATION OF CRIME OF "MEN RAPE" UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE
The present work has attempted to analyze sexual crimes and especially the crime of male rape. The international jurisprudence of international criminal Tribunals and the International Criminal Court has tried to qualify rape either as a crime of genocide in the form of serious bodily and physical injuries, even if not necessarily permanent (lett. b) art. 6 of the Rome Statute; or as a crime against humanity where there are elements of context and above all material elements that emerge from the definitions given by the ad hoc Tribunals and the elements of crimes; or even as a war crime in case it is implemented as a part of a political plan or design, or as part of series of similar crimes committed on a large scale. This behavior is rebuilt in a residual way compared to that of sexual violence, according to a gender specific relationship to speciem. The indication of the level of gravity of the crime is necessary for the relevance of sexual violence and rape as crimes against humanity that we will see in the next years from the panorama of international criminal law.
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Implementation of the Function of Maximizing the Security Level in the Administration of Justice in the Digital Economy
In: Cuestiones Políticas; Conflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmasConflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmas, Band 38, Heft Especial II, S. 216-225
ISSN: 2542-3185
The research analyses the implementation of the role of maximizing the level of security in the administration of justice in the context of the digital economy. Methodologically, the documentary observation research technique and, to process sources, sociological-dialectical analysis were used. Digitization as a transformational factor of many branches of social relations implies dependence on the implementation of a series of interdependent legal facts with digital technologies so that the action has a legal and concrete result. The digital level as a new platform for the implementation of a number of public functions posing new challenges for the public administration system and also determines the status of new functions that can provide a "digital future" with a positive development dynamic. Conclusion mode everything indicates that, these new functions can be austable in order to maximize security in the implementation of public functions in response to new threats. Particularly sensitive is the area of justice administration, which is also actively introducing many digital tools into the case-resolution process.
Restorative justice and criminal justice integrative model ; La justicia restaurativa y un modelo integrador de justicia penal
This paper deals with the concept of Restorative Justice, from the theory of criminal law as a response to crime and its practical development in connection with the principles guaranteeing the rights, uncritical parties. At present, there is a tendency of traditional justice to the derivation formulas that favour the agreement between victim and offender, in some cases with community involvement. European law has encouraged Mediation and other restorative methods, through Recommendations and Directives must transposition for member states. A description and analysis of the Spanish legislation in relation to restorative justice, both positive law and draft laws, in order to present the current state of affairs in our country, and an assessment is also done not without certain implicit subjectivity towards an integration of this new conception of justice in our criminal justice system. ; [Tercer accésit. Premios de artículos jurídicos «GARCÍA GOYENA» (Curso 2014-2015)]El trabajo versa sobre el concepto de Justicia Restaurativa, desde la teoría del derecho penal como respuesta al delito y su desarrollo práctico, en conexión con los principios que garantizan los derechos, no exentos de críticas. En la actualidad, existe una tendencia de la justicia tradicional a la derivación a fórmulas que favorecen el acuerdo entre víctima y victimario, en algunos casos con implicación de la comunidad. El derecho europeo ha fomentado la Mediación y otros métodos restaurativos, a través de Recomendaciones y también Directivas, de obligada transposición para los estados miembros. Se realiza también una descripción y análisis de la normativa española en relación a la Justicia Restaurativa, tanto desde el derecho positivo como de los proyectos normativos, con el objeto de presentar el estado actual de la cuestión, así como una valoración, no exenta de cierta subjetividad implícita hacia una integración de esta nueva concepción de la Justicia en nuestro sistema de Justicia Penal.This paper deals with the concept of Restorative Justice, from the theory of criminal law as a response to crime and its practical development in connection with the principles guaranteeing the rights, uncritical parties. At present, there is a tendency of traditional justice to the derivation formulas that favour the agreement between victim and offender, in some cases with community involvement. European law has encouraged Mediation and other restorative methods, through Recommendations and Directives must transposition for member states. A description and analysis of the Spanish legislation in relation to restorative justice, both positive law and draft laws, in order to present the current state of affairs in our country, and an assessment is also done not without certain implicit subjectivity towards an integration of this new conception of justice in our criminal justice system.
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Criticism, interpretation and suggestions for the male sexual crimes under the jurisprudence of international criminal justice
ABSTRACT: The present work has attempted to analyze sexual crimes and especially the crime of male rape. The international jurisprudence of international criminal Tribunals and the International Criminal Court has tried to qualify rape either as a crime of genocide in the form of serious bodily and physical injuries, even if not necessarily permanent (lett. b) art. 6 of the Rome Statute; or as a crime against humanity where there are elements of context and above all material elements that emerge from the definitions given by the ad hoc Tribunals and the elements of crimes; or even as a war crime in case it is implemented as a part of a political plan or design, or as part of series of similar crimes committed on a large scale. This behavior is rebuilt in a residual way compared to that of sexual violence, according to a gender specific relationship to speciem. The indication of the level of gravity of the crime is necessary for the relevance of sexual violence and rape as crimes against humanity that we will see in the next years from the panorama of international criminal law.
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Computerization in the management of the criminal justice system: proceedings of the Workshop and the Symposium on Computerization of Criminal Justice Information at the Ninth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Cairo, Egypt, 29 April - 8 May 1995
In: Publication series 30
The gender perspective and the operators of the justice administration and enforcement system in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua
The purpose of this investigation was to analyze whether the operators of the justice system in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, in compliance with the Cotton Field Judgment issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2009, are truly prepared to attend with a gender perspective the cases of transgender women. This work was non-experimental, transversal, descriptive and qualitative in nature. For this, 32 interviews were carried out in which the volunteers were agents of the Public Ministry, agents of the State Investigation Agency, agents of the State Security Commission of the Attorney General's Office and municipal agents of the Secretary of Public Security. Despite the fact that this information is exposed, the result was that most of the participants know the meaning of judging with a gender perspective and are aware of the historical violence against women in the city, but this does not mean that they effectively apply these criteria in their work and personal area, as some stated that they did not agree with the legislator's classification of gender crimes, limiting themselves to acting according to what custom suggests.
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Victims or criminals? Shifting interpretations of the over-representation of aborigines in the criminal justice system ; Victimes ou criminels? Transformation des modes d'interprétation de la sur-représentation des Aborigènes dans le système de justice pénal
In 1957, the Aboriginal Welfare Board (the authority in charge of the Aboriginal population in the State of New South Wales) questioned the soundness of one section of the Aboriginal Protection Act (APA, 1909-43) it administered. It therefore it launched a major survey in order to obtain the view on the question of all those «closely associated with aboriginal welfare and conduct», and in particular the members of the police. The Board did not just ask the police to state their opinion on the issue, but also to provide some figures about the Aboriginal population in their Patrol. The article analyses the construction of those figures, and it attempts to show how new interpretations emerged during the 1960s, especially through the rise of the political movement in favour of Aboriginal Rights.
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Uruguayan criminal policy in the progressive era (2005-2020): the case of juvenile justice ; La política criminal uruguaya en la era progresista (2005-2020): el caso de la justicia para adolescentes / Uruguayan criminal policy in the progressive era (2005-2020): the case of juvenile justice
The presidency of the Frente Amplio in 2005 generated high expectations in large part of Uruguayan society. Due to their "sensibility", a shift towards the rights approach and a process of decriminalization was expected. In the beginning, the new government made substantial changes, although not without tension and brakes. Then, perhaps surprisingly, heavy-handed policies were increased. The "adolescents" were, among others, the recipients of the punitive turn, even though they had far from explaining crime and criminality. The present research intends to problematize these subjects studying the left-wing criminal policies in the case of the special juvenile justice system during the governments of the Frente Amplio (2005-2020) in Uruguay. It is about showing the "sensibilities" that guided the criminal public policies of the government party and the possible explanations for this. The research realizes a descriptive study based on the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research techniques. ; El ascenso del Frente Amplio en el año 2005 a la presidencia del Uruguay generó grandes expectativas en buena parte de la sociedad uruguaya, que auguraba transformaciones sustantivas en el país. La sensibilidad de izquierdas del partido de gobierno anunciaba la incorporación del enfoque de derechos en la legislación nacional, el proceso judicial y las instituciones de ejecución de medidas, además de un amplio proceso de descriminalización y profundización en los problemas sociales y educativos. Al inicio del gobierno se realizaron cambios sustantivos, aunque no sin tensiones y frenos. Luego, paulatinamente se desarrolló una política de endurecimiento coercitivo, penal y policiaco, ante el crecimiento continuo de los principales indicadores de criminalidad (homicidios, rapiñas y hurtos). En este contexto, algunas adolescencias fueron receptoras del "giro punitivo progresista", a pesar de que la evidencia disponible sostiene que las y los adolescentes están muy distantes de explicar el delito y la criminalidad nacional. Así las cosas, el presente texto se propone problematizar la política criminal progresista para el caso del sistema de responsabilidad penal adolescente durante los gobiernos del Frente Amplio (2005 – 2020) en Uruguay. Se trata de evidenciar las "sensibilidades" que guiaron las políticas públicas criminales del partido de gobierno y plantear una discusión acerca de los dilemas de las izquierdas con respecto a la seguridad pública. ==== The presidency of the Frente Amplio in 2005 generated high expectations in large part of Uruguayan society. Due to their "sensibility", a shift towards the rights approach and a process of decriminalization was expected. In the beginning, the new government made substantial changes, although not without tension and brakes. Then, perhaps surprisingly, heavy-handed policies were increased. The "adolescents" were, among others, the recipients of the punitive turn, even though they had far from explaining crime and criminality. The present research intends to problematize these subjects studying the left-wing criminal policies in the case of the special juvenile justice system during the governments of the Frente Amplio (2005-2020) in Uruguay. It is about showing the "sensibilities" that guided the criminal public policies of the government party and the possible explanations for this. The research realizes a descriptive study based on the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research techniques.
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Aplicabilidad del preacuerdo en la justicia penal militar ; Applicability of the preacher in military criminal justice
14 páginas. ; Los preacuerdos en el Derecho Penal buscan la descongestión de los despachos judiciales mediante una alternativa que bien aplicada favorece no solo al procesado sino a la administración de justicia, porque además de buscar la reparación, resarcir el daño en el menor tiempo posible, disminuye el desgaste en la administración de justicia y quizás es la figura más utilizada para culminar los procesos, los preacuerdos o negociaciones. ; The preacords in the Criminal Law seek the decongestion of judicial offices through an alternative that well applied favors not only the defendant but also the administration of justice, because in addition to seeking redress, to compensate for damage in the shortest possible time, in the administration of justice and perhaps is the most used figure to culminate the processes, preacuerdos or negotiations.
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Pictures about the administration of punishment: First exploration of the relationship between the press and criminal justice ; Imágenes sobre la administración del castigo : Primeras exploraciones sobre la relación entre prensa y justicia penal
In this article we will first present the perceptions of the judicial actors of the role played by the media in general, and the press in particular in the administration of criminal justice. We will then analyse the representations and characteristics provided — and circulate — in the written press on criminal justice. In short, we will track a first movement, which is the press to enter criminal justice, and a second one which carries out criminal justice to be retreated by the press. Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences ; This article presents, firstly, perceptions offered by judicial actors on the role of the media in general and the press in particular in the administration of criminal justice. Then we analyze the representations and characterizations of the criminal justice offered by the written press. In short, we track a first movement made by the press to enter the criminal justice system, and a second one that is to orient the criminal justice to be portrayed by the press. ; In this article we will first present the perceptions of the judicial actors of the role played by the media in general, and the press in particular in the administration of criminal justice. We will then analyse the representations and characteristics provided — and circulate — in the written press on criminal justice. In short, we will track a first movement, which is the press to enter criminal justice, and a second one which carries out criminal justice to be retreated by the press. Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences ; En este artículo presentaremos, en primer lugar, las percepciones que ofrecen los actores judiciales sobre el papel que juegan los medios de comunicación en general, y la prensa en particular en la administración de justicia penal. Luego, analizaremos las representaciones y caracterizaciones que ofrece –y hace circular– la prensa escrita sobre dicha justicia penal. En síntesis, rastrearemos un primer movimiento que es el que efectúa la prensa para introducirse en la justicia penal, y un segundo que es el que ...
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