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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Opioid Treatment Programs and Related Federal Regulations( -- Summary -- Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) -- Methadone -- Buprenorphine -- Naltrexone -- Regulatory Framework -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) -- Controlled Substances Act (CSA) -- Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) -- OTP Accreditation -- OTP Certification -- OTP Registration -- DATA-Waived Providers (DWPs) -- Practitioner Requirements -- Medication Requirements -- Chapter 2 -- Increase in Illicit Fentanyl Overdose Deaths* -- Summary -- What Is Fentanyl? -- Rise of Fentanyl Overdoses -- Availability of Fentanyl -- Policy Considerations -- Chapter 3 -- The Opioid Epidemic and the Food and Drug Administration: Legal Authorities and Recent Agency Action( -- Summary -- FDA Approval of Prescription Drugs and the Challenges of Opioids -- FDA Authority and Recent Agency Action Related to the Opioid Epidemic -- Decreasing Exposure and Preventing New Addiction -- Supporting the Treatment of Those with Opioid Use Disorder -- Fostering the Development of Novel Pain Treatment Therapies -- Improving Enforcement and Assessing Benefit Risk -- Selected Opioid-Related Bills in the 115th Congress That Would Amend the FD&C Act -- Chapter 4 -- High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) Program( -- Summary -- HIDTA Designations -- Coordination -- Funding -- HIDTA Issues for Consideration -- Unit of Inclusion -- County-Level Drug Trafficking Data -- Criteria for Inclusion -- Program Effectiveness -- Program Scope -- Use of Funds for Treatment and Prevention Initiatives -- Heroin Response Strategy -- HIDTA as an ONDCP Component -- Chapter 5 -- Legal Authorities Under the Controlled Substances Act to Combat the Opioid Crisis( -- Summary -- Brief Background on the Opioid Epidemic -- Overview of the CSA

Intro -- Introduction -- 1. An Overview of Drug Abuse and Dependence -- 2. Drug Abusers Are Often Victims of a Mental Illness -- 3. People Are Responsible for Their Decision to Abuse Drugs -- 4. Social and Environmental Conditions Cause Drug Addiction -- 5. Drug War Madness -- 6. All Drugs Should Be Legalized -- 7. Effective Education Programs Are Successful in Preventing Drug Abuse -- 8. Spiritual Meaning Is Needed to Combat Drug Abuse -- 9. Straightening the Irish Out About Addiction -- 10. Prescription Drug Abuse Is a Growing Problem -- 11. Attempts to Prevent People from Abusing Prescription Drugs Are Harming Legitimate Users -- 12. A Teenage Girl Describes Her Experience with Heroin Addiction -- Appendix -- Organizations to Contact -- Bibliography -- Index -- Picture Credits -- 1 -- 3 -- 5 -- 6 -- 7

This book offers a frank, clear-eyed, no-holes-barred examination of drug abuse-from the most commonly abused drugs to how drug abuse begins and progresses to the dangerous and deadly consequences of drug abuse. It also charts the treacherous path by which "casual" drug use develops into addiction. Loaded with great questions to ask a drug counselor, common myths and facts about drug use and abuse, and resources for getting help for oneself or loved ones, this book is a potentially lifesaving aid and wakeup call for teens in peril, especially those who don't yet realize they're in peril

Intro -- One Living Life To Do More Drugs -- Two Triggers And Thypical Warning Signs -- Three The Harm In Getting High -- Four An issue THat Impacts Relationships -- Five Getting Clean And Staying Sober -- Six Teens' Ideas on Tackling Drug Abuse -- Notes -- Glossary -- Further information -- Bibliography -- Index

Severe, chronic pain affects at least 116 million Americans every year. But there are fewer than 4,000 pain specialists in the United States, and many insurers won't cover physical therapy. But powerful pain medicines? They will certainly cover those. Prescriptions for powerful pain killers doubled between 1994 and 2008 — and abuse skyrocketed as well. The grim headlines are all too familiar. Celebrities such as Whitney Houston die of overdoses. Teens mix legitimate medicines — and pay with their lives. Heavy-handed government attempts to crack down on pain and anxiety medications have terrorized doctors and pharmacists and left thousands of desperate people in severe pain. Prescription Drug Abuse shows how big the problem is: how it became a problem, what is being done about it, and what readers can do. The book shows the risks, the benefits, and the safe way to use some of modern healthcare's most miraculous medicines.

This report examines prescription drug abuse in the United States. An estimated 6.8 million individuals currently abuse prescription drugs in the United States. Unlike policy on street drugs, federal policy on prescription drug abuse is complicated by the need to maintain access to prescription controlled substances (PCS) for legitimate medical use. The federal government has several roles in reducing prescription drug abuse.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- PART I REDUCING SUPPLY -- 1 'Evaluating Explanations of the Australian "Heroin Shortage'" , Addiction, 100, pp. 459-69 -- 2 'Changes in Canadian Heroin Supply Coinciding with the Australian Heroin Shortage', Addiction, 101, pp. 689-95 -- 3 'Strategies to Avoid Arrest: Crack Sellers' Response to Intensified Policing', American Journal of Police, 14, pp. 49-69 -- 4 'A Spatial Analysis of Green Teams: A Tactical Response to Marijuana Production in British Columbia', Policy Sciences, 39, pp. 361-77 -- 5 'Police Officers on Drug Comers in Philadelphia, Drug Crime, and Violent Crime: Intended, Diffusion, and Displacement Impacts', Justice Quarterly, 22, pp. 427-51 -- 6 'The Multilateralization of Policing: The Case of Illicit Synthetic Drug Control', Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 7, pp. 177-94 -- PART II REDUCING DEMAND -- 7 'Reports of Substance Abuse Prevention Programming Available in Schools', Prevention Science, 9, pp. 276-87 -- 8 'Promoting Science-Based Prevention in Communities', Addictive Behaviors, 27, pp. 951-76 -- 9 'Faith-Based Prevention Model: A Rural African-American Case Study', American Journal of Health Studies, 21, pp. 148-57 -- 10 'Assessing the Effects of School-Based Drug Education: A Six-Year Multilevel Analysis of Project D.A.R.E', Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35, pp. 381-412 -- 11 'Effectiveness of Community-Based Outreach in Preventing HIV/AIDS Among Injecting Drug Users', International Journal of Drug Policy, 16S, pp. S45-S57 -- 12 'Evaluation of a Media Campaign Aimed at Preventing Initiation into Drug Injection Among Street Youth', Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 14, pp. 401-14 -- PART III REDUCING THE HARMS OR RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG ABUSE

The prescribed epidemic : an overview of prescription drug abuse -- The science of addiction and drug abuse -- "Downers" : sedatives, sleep aids, and anxiolytics -- "Pain-killers" : opioids and opiates -- "Uppers" and performance enhancers : stimulants and related drugs -- The business of medicine -- Harm reduction -- Case studies.

Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1: Introduction -- References -- 2: Neurobiological Basis of Drug Abuse -- References -- 3: Neuroimaging Studies in Drug Abusers -- References -- 4: Basic Substance Characteristics and Neuropathological Findings in Drug Abusers -- 4.1 Cannabis -- 4.1.1 CNS Complications -- 4.1.2 Cannabis Psychosis and Schizophrenia -- 4.2 Opioids -- 4.2.1 Neuropathological Findings -- 4.2.2 Alterations of Neurotransmitters, Receptors, and Second Messengers -- 4.3 Cocaine -- 4.3.1 Cerebrovascular Complications -- 4.3.2 Alterations of Neurotransmitters, Receptors, and Gene Expression -- 4.4 Amphetamines, Methamphetamine, and Related Synthetic Substances -- 4.4.1 Cerebrovascular Complications -- 4.4.2 Neurotoxicity -- 4.4.3 Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Derivatives -- 4.4.3.1 MDMA -- 4.4.3.2 Neurotoxicity of MDMA -- 4.5 Designer Drugs and New Psychoactive Substances -- 4.5.1 Synthetic Opioids -- 4.5.2 Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists -- 4.5.3 Psychostimulant NPS -- 4.5.4 Hallucinogenic NPS -- 4.5.5 Dissociative Substances -- 4.5.6 Sedative/Hypnotics Benzodiazepine Analogs -- 4.6 Polydrug Abuse -- References -- 5: Neuropathological Findings in Drug Abusers -- 5.1 Neurons -- 5.2 Microglia -- 5.3 Astrocytes -- 5.4 White Matter -- 5.5 Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) -- 5.6 Cerebrovascular Alterations -- References -- 6: Neurotoxicity and Neurodegeneration of Drug Abuse -- References -- 7: Summary and Implications for Research.

In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analysed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it is mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behaviour, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behaviour including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. ...

The incidence of drug abuse has become a problem that affects every country across the globe. The intake of substances affects both the physical and mental health of the users and the general public. Many people suffer from various health impairments such as hepatitis, heart attacks, respiratory infections, cancer, and neurological problems that lead to incapacitation and even death. The same thing applies to mental health issues like schizophrenia, anxiety, neuroses, psychoses, depression, and other mental illnesses. These problems have occurred due to the frequent intake of illicit drugs such as opioids and prescription over-the-counter drugs. The available literature reviewed shows the prevalence of drug abuse in the global sphere and Nigeria in particular. The study also shows how the problems become out of control as a result of either corruption among the security agents, drug trafficking and smuggling, or the amount of money involved in the business, which makes the drug barons devise many ways of accessing the drugs whenever the law enforcement agencies try to stop them. The present study investigates the effects of substance abuse on the health of users in Nigeria; the health consequences; the recent trend of substance abuse among youth; and the measures taken by the government to stop the menace. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilised to collect data through textbooks, journals, internet sources, government and non-governmental agencies' reports, newspapers, and periodicals.