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This study reports on the effects of having a history of physical and/or sexual abuse on treatment processes and posttreatment abstinence among adolescents (N=803) in a multisite study of drug treatment outcomes. A history of physical and/or sexual abuse was reported by 59% of the girls and 39% of the boys and was related to being White and having higher levels of comorbidity, exposure to other traumatic events, dependence on alcohol and marijuana, problem recognition, and negative peer or family influence. Abused adolescents had more service needs at treatment admission and there was some variation in treatment processes related to gender and abuse status. Youths with a history of physical abuse had a lower likelihood of posttreatment abstinence, except among those who had better rapport with their counselors. Attention to treatment processes and engagement strategies is crucial for treating youths in drug treatment who have a history of abuse.

Social problems are rapidly increasing in modern societies due to various reasons. One of these is drug addiction, which has become a major issue in the contemporary world, as it is proving to be a serious social problem in both developing and underdeveloped countries. This review article that focuses on the social aspects of drug addiction in Sri Lanka is based on secondary data obtained from the published works of different authors; they provide details about the identity of drugs, drug addiction and the increasing number of addicts in Sri Lanka. Drug addiction has become an important issue due to its severe impact on public health, its tendency to encourage crime, cause diseases, poverty and destruction of family life in Sri Lanka. Heroin and cannabis (marijuana) are found to be the most commonly used drugs in Sri Lanka. Laws and policies designed to control drug abuse and regulations on drug addicts have not brought any major change or desired outcome in the Sri Lankan drug scene. Drug users in Sri Lanka get their supply of drugs from the underground drug market, which has its internal and external sources. Rehabilitation of drug addicts has become an urgent need in the country to protect its valuable citizens who are needed to build a sustainable nation that is free from drugs. Drug addiction is preventable and can be managed successfully if every citizen of the country gives his/ her full support and contribution.

Partnerships between substance abuse researchers and practitioners are being encouraged by numerous initiatives developed in response to a 1998 Institute of Medicine Report (IOM, 1998). The need for the initiatives is clear; however, the structure of the partnerships and how each partner can benefit from them is less clear. There is evidence that each group appreciates the principle of moving research and practice closer together. It is less clear what each group wants from the partnership and what each group can contribute to it. Researchers want to conduct well-controlled studies, with access to clinical populations and adequate control over the study environment to ensure rigorous protocol compliance. Practitioners should be compensated for the time they spend on these projects, and they want to address questions that are of importance to their clinical populations and stay current with new knowledge and technology. No matter how interesting and important these efforts are, unless each group derives adequate and fairly shared benefits, the partnerships will flounder.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- The Editor -- Contributors -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Technical and Legal Aspects of Drugs of Abuse Testing in Hair -- Chapter 2: Environmental Exposure - The Stumbling Block of Hair Testing -- Chapter 3: The Potential for Bias in Hair Testing for Drugs of Abuse -- Chapter 4: The Analytical Tools for Hair Testing -- Chapter 5: Importance of Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) in Hair Analysis -- Chapter 6: Determination of Cocaine and Opioids in Hair -- Chapter 7: Cannabis and Amphetamine Determination in Human Hair -- Chapter 8: Unusual Drugs in Hair -- Chapter 9: Forensic Applications of Hair Analysis -- Chapter 10: Hair Analysis for Organic Analytes: Methodology, Reliability Issues, and Field Studies -- Chapter 11: Clinical Applications of Hair Analysis -- Chapter 12: Drug Analyses in Non head Hair -- Index.

"Heroin first reached Gejiu, a Chinese city in southern Yunnan known as Tin Capital, in the 1980s. Widespread use of the drug, which for a short period became "easier to buy than vegetables," coincided with radical changes in the local economy caused by the marketization of the mining industry. More than two decades later, both the heroin epidemic and the mining boom are often discussed as recent history. Middle-aged long-term heroin users, however, complain that they feel stuck in an earlier moment of the country's rapid reforms, navigating a world that no longer resembles either the tightly-knit Maoist work units of their childhood or the disorienting but opportunity-filled chaos of their early careers. Overcoming addiction in Gejiu has become inseparable from broader attempts to re-imagine laboring lives in a rapidly shifting social world. Drawing on more than eighteen months of fieldwork, Nicholas Bartlett explores how individuals' diverging experiences of recovery highlight shared challenges of inhabiting China's contested present"--

The gap between what people admit about their behavior and what is actually true has plagued social scientists and survey methodologists for decades. This gap would not matter if it did not play an important role in estimation of the extent of the consumption of illegal drugs and/or changing trends in illegal use, both data critical for developing public policy and determining the effects of intervention programming and policy changes. The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) survey matches anonymous self-reported interview information to a urine test for nine drugs in a probability-based sample of adult male arrestees conducted within 48 hr of their arrest. Using data from 2000-2003 and 2007-2011 collected in 10 U.S. counties, this article looks at how the gap between the truth and reality in self-report varies by the drug reported, by the region of the country, over time, and by characteristics of the user, and discusses the relevance of these findings to policy.

Drug abuse committed by teenagers and adults can result in their future being threatened, it can harm religion, education, economy, health, can cause addiction to continuously consume drugs, and hinder the implementation of the worship of a religion. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solution in handling it so that teenagers and adults who are victims of drug abuse can recover from drug addiction. One of the solutions is that there is a need for spiritual empowerment carried out by people who are members of social drug rehabilitation centers in collaboration with the government, religious leaders, health experts and the National Narcotics Agency. the implementation of the spiritual empowerment of victims of abuse through the process of awareness, capacity and empowerment carried out by the management of the Narcotics Social Rehabilitation Institution, Sahabat Suci Hati, Padang City, has a positive influence. First, victims of drug abuse mostly recover from addiction to drug abuse, secondly, the increase in the quantity and quality of charities of worship for victims of drug abuse independently.

The legal foundation of compulsory interventions towards substance abusers in Scandinavian social law has moved from similarity to dissimilarity. The aim of this article is to explain this development by focusing on the relationship between three general discourses in the preparation of these acts in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The political‐democratic discourse focuses on the relationship between law and politics (law as a political instrument); the professional discourse emphasises the relationship between welfare professions and law (law as a professional tool); and the legal discourse draws attention to the importance of legal principles (law as an institution). In Sweden, the process has been strongly politicised and influenced by the political 'war on drugs', resulting in a comprehensive use of coercion towards substance abusers. In Denmark, the process has also been dominated by the political discourse. This process, however, was far less politicised than in Sweden, and no actor has pressed for extensive authority to apply such measures in social policy. In Norway, the process has been strongly influenced by legal discourse emphasising the legal security of the substance abusers, resulting in legislation that is more constricted than in Sweden. In none of these countries have welfare professionals played an active role in pressing for coercive measures in this field of social policy; in fact, they have generally opposed such measures.

"Serial no. 109-208." ; Shipping list no.: 2007-0213-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.