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Intro -- NATIONAL DRUGCONTROL STRATEGY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY:2008ANNUAL REPORT -- INTRODUCTION -- A Turning Point -- IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING HAS YIELDED RESULTS -- MOVING FORWARD: CHALLENGE AND HOPE -- STOPPING DRUG USE BEFORE IT STARTS -- Deterring Drug Use by Changing Attitudes -- Random Testing to Prevent Substance Abuse -- Combating Doping in Sports -- A Proven Prevention Tool: The United StatesMilitary's Experience with Drug Testing -- Drug-Free Workplace -- Community Partnerships to Protect Youth -- The Drug Free Communities Support Program -- Educating Youth About the Dangers of Drug Use -- The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign -- Fighting Pharmaceutical Diversion and Preventing Addiction -- Extreme Ecstasy: The Rising Threat from MDMA(Ecstasy) and Methamphetamine Mixtures -- INTERVENING AND HEALING AMERICA'S DRUG USERS -- From Screening to Recovery Support: A Continuum of Care -- Detecting Drug Use Early Saves Lives -- Screening and Brief Intervention -- Medical Education on Substance Abuse -- Treatment for Co-Occurring Disorders -- A Chance to Heal:Treating Substance Abusing Offenders -- Understanding Addiction -- THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY:TACKLING TRANSNATIONAL THREATS -- Disrupting the Market for Illegal Drugs -- The Vital Role of State and Local Law Enforcement -- Taking Drugs off America's Roadways -- Targeting Marijuana Cultivation in the United States -- Methamphetamine and Synthetic Drugs -- Taking the Fight Against Methamphetamine Global -- Stemming the Flow of Drugs Across the Southwest Border -- Working with Mexico and Central America -- Transit Zone Interdiction -- Attacking Trafficker Finances -- Progress and Challenges in the Andean Ridge -- Afghanistan: Counternarcotics and Counterinsurgency -- Working Together to Reduce Drug Use Around the World -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Intro -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL AND TRAFFICKING ISSUES -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL AND TRAFFICKING ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- U.S. Policy Context -- International Policy Context -- U.S. NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY -- Funding -- Agency Roles -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL TOOLBOX -- Multilateral Cooperation -- Foreign Assistance Sanctions -- The FY2010 "Drug Majors" -- Drug Certification Procedures -- Methamphetamine Precursor Chemicals -- Other Drug-Related Foreign Aid Certification Requirements -- Crop Eradication -- Alternative Development -- Interdiction -- Anti-money Laundering Efforts -- Extradition -- Institutional Capacity Building -- MILITARY ROLE IN COUNTERDRUG TRAINING AND EQUIPPING92 -- SELECTED LEGISLATIVE ISSUES FOR THE 111TH CONGRESS -- Counternarcotics Aid to U.S. Transit Zone Countries: Mérida Initiative and Beyond -- Beyond Mérida: The Four Pillar Strategy -- The Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI) and the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI) -- Plan Colombia, the Andean Counterdrug Program, and the Future of Counternarcotics Aid to South America -- Afghanistan Counterdrug Programs -- West Africa -- ALTERNATIVE POLICY APPROACHES -- Rebalance Current Drug Policy Tools -- Emphasize "Hard-Side" of Counternarcotics Policy -- Emphasize "Soft-Side" of Counternarcotics Policy -- Emphasize Drug Demand Reduction -- Reevaluate Prohibitionist Drug Regime -- Legalize Illegal Drugs -- Decriminalize Illegal Drugs -- Allow Government-Supervised Drug Use for Addicts -- APPENDIX. CRS REPORTS ON INTERNATIONAL DRUG POLICY -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND U.S. COUNTERDRUG PROGRAMS -- SUMMARY -- AN OVERVIEW OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN1

Cover; International Drug Control; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Figures and maps; Tables and boxes; Preface and acknowledgements; Abbreviations; 1: Introduction; The global drug prohibition regime; On the right path? Differential metrics of success; Approaches and key themes; Plan of the book; 2: Soft defection and the domestic normalization of harm reduction; The mechanics of soft defection: harm reduction via glitches in the system; The domestic normalization of harm reduction; Opioid substitution therapy -- from law enforcement to public health.

Introduction -- The sources and actors of the international drug control system -- The emergence of the international drug control system -- The objective of the international drug control system : limitation of drugs to medical and scientific purposes -- The material scope of the international drug control system -- Challenges to the implementation of the international drug control system -- Concluding remarks and outlook

I A Survey of the History of Drug-Use and Early Moves Towards International Control -- 1: Social and Cultural Aspects of Drug-Use and Historical Origins of the Use of Opium -- 2: International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1909 and 1919 -- II International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1920 and 1944 -- 3: The Organizational and Functional Framework as Devised by the League of Nations for the Purpose of Controlling the Manufacture of, and Trade and Traffic in, Drugs -- 4: An Examination of the Agreements and Conventions on Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs Concluded between 1920 and 1944 -- III The Structure and Methods of International Drug Control through the United Nations -- 5: The Organizational Framework of the United Nations in Relation to the Control of Drugs -- 6: An Examination of the Drug Protocols Concluded During the UN Period (Prior to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961) -- 7: An Examination of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 -- 8: Limitation on Cultivation -- 9: Limitation on the Production of Opium -- 10: Manufacture and Importation of Drugs: Limitation Thereof -- 11: Control of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs -- 12: An Examination of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 -- IV Contributions of Some of the Inter-Governmental and International Non-Governmental Organizations Concerned with the Eradication of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs -- 13: The Organization and Functions of Interpol and the Ingos in the Control of the Drug-Trade -- Conclusions -- League of Nations Documents -- United Nations Documents -- World Health Organization Technical Report Series -- Miscellaneous Documents -- Table of Cases -- Appendices.

"Popular 'war on drugs' rhetoric postulates drug use in the West as the product of the drug production and trafficking roles of non-western societies and non-western peoples within and outside the West. In such rhetoric, African societies and people of African descent in Africa and in Diaspora have received criticisms for their respective roles in drug production and drug trafficking, including the position of many African countries as transit routes for drugs exported to the West. By contrast, the abuse of drugs by populations of African origin around the globe and the harmful consequences of the drug trade and drug abuse on these populations has been little studied. Drawing on contributions from seven countries in Africa; two countries in Europe; and seven countries in the Americas, this volume examines the relationships between drug use, drug trafficking, drug controls and the black population of a given society. Each chapter examines the nature and pattern of drug use or abuse; the effects of drug use or abuse (illegal or/and legal) on other areas such as health and crime; the nature, pattern, and perpetration of trafficking and sale of illegal or/and legal drugs; and past and current policies and control of illegal and /or legal drugs. It will be essential reading for all students, academics and policy-makers working in the area of drug control."--Publisher's description