Suchergebnisse

"Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit dem Ende der EGKS und den damit in Verbindung stehenden Ereignissen. Insbesondere wird analysiert, wie die vorliegende Problematik von den Gründern der EG, den Mitgliedsstaaten, behandelt wird. Außerdem werden die wichtigsten Rechtssätze betrachtet, die eine Verbindung zwischen der EGKS und der EG herstellten und ein Bestehen bleiben der Rechtsbeziehungen ermöglichen, die auf dem EGKS-Vertrag gründen, der in verschiedenen Feldern unter einem regulativen und administrativen Schutz des EG-Vertrages kreiert und unter dessen generellen Regeln erlassen wurde. Abschließend wird in diesem Aufsatz die rechtliche Übertragung von Rechtsbeziehungen zwischen der EGKS und der EG sowohl in Bezug auf die internationale Rechtsordnung als auch in Bezug auf die nationalen Rechtssysteme der einzelnen Mitgliedsstaaten juristisch bewertet, wobei dem italienischen Rechtssystem dabei besondere Beachtung geschenkt wird." (Autorenreferat)

The post-war years were a period of introspection for British society as the nation endeavoured to remain fiercely insular yet became increasingly troubled by geopolitical relations reshaping the war-torn continent. Britain swiftly assumed the role of the reluctant European; their opposition to integration hindered by a destructive nostalgia for the past, the perceived erosion of cultural heritage and a sense of English exceptionalism. Beginning with a brief contextual analysis of the events leading to the 2016 EU Referendum, this article will argue that early warning signs of British antipathy were evident in literary responses to integration from the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) to the signing of the Maastricht Treaty which established the European Union. Through a close reading of selected fictions by key figures in this period, including Kingsley Amis, Angus Wilson, Nancy Mitford and Malcolm Bradbury, the article identifies how early warning signs of British antipathy to European integration were clearly evident in post-war literature. By reading Brexit backwards, the article excavates the historical roots of Euroscepticism implanted in the cultural imaginary.

Intergovernmentalist explanations of European integration argue that the integration process is essentially driven by "national interests" which are negotiated by the governments of the member states. These studies focus on state interaction and the relative power of states participating in negotiations which allegedly determines bargaining outcomes inside the European Union (EU). Such "national interests" can concern security issues and other questions. However, liberal intergovernmentalism has strongly emphasised the mainly economic nature of those interest that matter in EU negotiations, and their domestic formation as a result of economic interest group pressures. The same is essentially true for comparable studies of the integration process by economic historians. In contrast, constructivists emphasise non-material conceptions of state power and influence. As a result, they study the role of "soft" factors such as historical orientations, identity and ideology and their impact on interest formation and national preferences, showing that decision-making processes are culturally embedded and that the resulting policy choices are path-dependent.

Questions whether the restructuring of the European Coal & Steel Community (ECSC) & its effects on social policy can provide guidance in managing the social consequences of restructuring other European Union (EU) sectors. The ECSC's use of sectoral social aid & dialogue to institute change is explored in relation to the current trend of regionally based interventions & the balance between short-term reactive & long-term proactive policies. Lessons are argued to be unique to the level of intervention possible in the 1970s & the centrally coordinated policies specific to the coal & steel industry. Looking forward, social repercussions of economic restructuring on a Europe-wide basis are further complicated by the growing complexity of EU interactions. 33 References. P. Schlachte