Suchergebnisse

The European Union pursues an active foreign policy both in a form of bilateral ties with sovereign states and while interacting with regional associations. The article considers the strategic attractiveness of the Persian Gulf region for the European Union as well as EU's external regional policy (European interregionalism) towards the Gulf Cooperation Council. The paper analyzes the methodological basis of the European interregionalism, the goals and specific directions of the EU's policy in the region, the mechanisms for its implementation, strategic changes in the EU's policy while taking into account the Arab Spring. The authors conclude that the cooperation initially planned in Brussels on the basis of exporting the liberal values could not stand the test of the Arab Spring. In the Global Strategy of 2016 the EU introduced changes that envisage a differentiated approach in the policy of European interregionalism. In the final part, the authors draw the conclusion about the effectiveness of the new EU Global strategy towards the GCC. © 2019 Institute of Europe Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

The purpose of the study is to identify the main stages in the formation and development of cultural policy in Europe as one of the areas of public policy. Research methodology. To solve this problem, we used the systemic method, the method of typology and comparison. The basic scientific principles were chosen the principle of historicism and objectivity. Scientific novelty lies in the first interdisciplinary comprehensive study of changes in the social and cultural life of society, the development of socio-political thought, education, the formation and development of a secular state, which made it possible to determine the main stages of the history of cultural policy in Europe. Conclusions. The cultural policy as a separate sphere of social development originated in the middle ages and has evolved through seven stages. In different periods, both the leading actors and the cultural spheres that fell under their influence changed. In the early stages the Church heavily influenced to the sphere of popular culture. State care to education and culture is increasing with the consolidation of absolutism and the formation of nation-States. Cultural institutions are transformed into promoters of national ideas and receive state support. The development of capitalism is intensifying the cultural needs of the bourgeoisie. The public-state model of cultural policy formed. The history of the twentieth century provides examples of the use of culture for political purposes. During this period the term «cultural policy» began to be used. In the postwar period the strategy for the development of cultural policy changed from the «culture for all» to concepts of multiculturalism and animation conception. The development processes of post-industrial society with the major attention to the scope of services and consumption has set cultural policy a task to promotion of cultural industries, encourage private investment and further decentralization of management.

Social issues created by a network/digital transformation of society are coming to the forefront of political relations. Given such conditions, we are witnessing a large-scale renewal of social-professional structure, an escalation of social competition, an increase in social inequality, and a decline in the status of middle-class citizens. In the long run, the technological revolution might lead to a decrease in living standards for a significant part of the population of developed nations. Transformation of employment effectively undermines the current model for social policy, which has traditionally been built around creating new jobs and decreasing unemployment as the main objective of public administration. Since the turn of the century, the former balanced mechanism for developing social policy has been upset, and the equilibrium and stable social model is gradually deteriorating. The current model of a welfare state and social-political relations based on consolidated interests is at risk. All around the world modern advanced society relies on it and cannot adequately evolve without it. And one of the main objectives for a government would be making sure that social activity doesn't lag behind the occurring changes. However, the current social policy model in a number of countries, including Russia, does not fully correspond with the process of rearrangement, since, given the conditions of a network society, social policy's target groups tend to change. Forecasts of development within the social-labor realm are unfavorable for large groups of workers, who will have to deal with further polarization in terms of social standing and income, unless the government and society implement a set of effective measures. We are in need of alternative policy, based on coordinating the activities of the main participants of social-political relations. This will require a new political approach, aimed at providing a dynamic social balance, an increase in prosperity, and a decrease in poverty and inequality. Policy based on wider support, a broader resource base and increased opportunity for accomplishing relevant tasks seems to bear the most promise. Meanwhile the government needs to consolidate efforts, while performing an intermediary role in the respective system for making political decisions. Such a political network might result in increased social efficiency.

The paper is devoted to some aspects of the European Union cultural policy. The relevance of the research is determined by the aggravation of the relations between Russia and the European Union at the background of the Ukrainian crisis and by the influence of the strained relations on the sphere of culture. The paper considers the process of formation and the legal base of the cultural policy pursued by the European Union, as well as problems caused by implementation of those provisions. The EU cultural programmes are being analysed as a factor of forming the European identity. General approaches to the cultural policy are being stated. Preservation of self-sufficiency and independence of the Union members in matters of culture acquires an important role. Such approach results in multiple standards of rendering historical and cultural heritage of Europe. The conclusion made in the paper is as follows: a plenty of contradictions lie in the ideological and legal base of the European Union cultural policy that provoke conflict situations, both within the Union and with other countries, including Russia. ; Статья посвящена некоторым аспектам культурной политики Европейского Союза. Актуальность работы обусловлена обострением отношений между Россией и Евросоюзом на фоне украинского кризиса и влиянием напряженных отношений на сферу культуры. В статье рассматривается процесс формирования и юридическая база проводимой культурной политики ЕС, а также проблемы, связанные с применением этих положений на практике. Анализируются культурные программы Евросоюза как фактор формирования европейской идентичности. Отмечаются общие подходы к культурной политике. При этом важную роль приобретает сохранение самостоятельности и независимости стран-членов Союза в вопросах культуры. Следствием такого подхода становится существование множества стандартов в трактовке исторического и культурного наследия Европы. В работе делается вывод, что в самой идеологической и юридической основе культурной политике Евросоюза заложено множество противоречий, которые провоцируют конфликтные ситуации, как внутри Союза, так и в отношениях с другими странами, в том числе и с Россией.

Maintaining a certain level of biodiversity is essential to preserve ecosystemic functions. Conservation of biodiversity is a matter of great importance for the well-being of ecosystems and humans dependent on them. 130 world leaders committed to significantly reduce biodiversity loss before 2010 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This goal is supported and prioritized by a number of significant policy documents among which are Strategy for Sustainable Development endorsed by EU leaders in Gothenburg in 2001, The Sixth Environment Action Programme and Lisbon Strategy. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии

The research aims at the establishment of main principles, priorities and directions of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation. Environmental industrial policy is considered as a part of the industrial policy aimed at the formation of highly technological competitive national industry providing for the transfer of the economy from the export of raw materials to the innovation type of development. The international experience of the implementation of industrial policies is analysed; it is shown that re-industrialisation leads to strengthening the role of the state regulation and planning both in developed and developing countries. Peculiarities of the international approaches to forming "green" industrial policy are considered. Main principles of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation are formulated as follows: (1) industrial modernisation providing for the resource efficiency enhancement and the reduction of the negative environmental impact and (2) recycling of waste (its return to the economic cycle). It is emphasised that the environmental industrial policy priorities reflect foremost national purposes and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation development.

The article discusses public policy in the formation of an innovative development path.It is shown that in the innovation dialogue in all countries that have embarked on the path of innovative development, a similar set of organizations is involved - power-state, research and entrepreneurial. It was on the basis of a constructive dialogue of these structures that Finland, Sweden and Singapore, South Korea and others were able to form an innovative economy that ensures their successful development. It is noted that the decisive factor in the success of innovative development is a correctly chosen state innovation policy. As a result of the study, the author shows the main directions, priorities, and the system of state innovation policy, which allows the formation of an effective national innovation model.It is concluded that for the success of innovative development it is not enough just to invest significant funds in the formation of innovative potential, but it is still necessary to consider the historical traditions of the people, to ensure the development of competition, political dialogue, scientific free thinking and entrepreneurial initiative.

Секция 4. Современные тенденции развития мировой экономики и международных экономических отношений ; Настоящая статья посвящена анализу развития туризма в странах ЕС. В статье рассматриваются ключевые показатели развития туризма, такие как международные туристические прибытия, доля ЕС на международном туристическом рынке, поступления от туризма, приводится структура туристического сектора ЕС, а также вклад туризма в ВВП и занятость. Автором анализируется структура путешествий резидентов ЕС, а также структура их расходов на путешествия. Затрагиваются вопросы основных приоритетных направлений развития туристического рынка Европейского союза. ; The article dwells upon analysis of tourism development in the EU countries. The author observes key tourism development indicators such as international tourism arrivals, EU share in international tourism market, tourism receipts, considers the structure of EU tourism sector as well as tourism contribution to GDP and employment. The travel structure of the EU residents and the structure of their tourism expenses is observed. In addition, the author mentions the priorities of the European Union tourism market development.

Статья посвящена исследованию роли муниципального управления в рамках политики развития сельских территорий России. Целью работы является определить основные векторы совершенствования существующих концепций развития сел страны посредством метода аналитического обзора теоретико-методологических наработок отечественных ученых. По итогу автором выделена проблема отсутствия стабильности в структуре финансирования сельского развития ; а также недостаточной акцентуации исследователей и органов управления в роли аграрного сектора в экономике государства. ; The article is focused on the role of municipal government in the framework of the development policy of rural territories of Russia. The aim of this work is to determine the main vectors of improving the existing concepts of rural development in the country through an analytical review of theoretical and methodological research of Russian scientists. As a result of the study ; the author highlights the problem of lack of stability in the structure of financing rural development ; as well as the insufficient emphasis of researchers and government on the role of the agricultural sector in the state economy.

В данной статье анализируется роль христианских церквей в формировании политики Европейского Союза (ЕС) в области иммиграции и предоставления убежища. После вступления в силу Амстердамского договора (1999 г.) вопросы, связанные с иммиграцией и предоставлением убежища, были переданы в ведение ЕС, на над-национальный уровень. Христианские церкви работали в данной области задолго до получения Евросоюзом соответствующих полномочий. В настоящее время на уровне ЕС представлены все три христианские конфессии — православные, католики и протестанты, с доминированием организаций, связанных с Католической церковью. Христианские организации, с учетом их опыта и экспертных знаний, стали признанными партнерами ЕС в сфере принятия решений по вопросам миграции и предоставления убежища. Роль христианских организаций наиболее существенна в области мониторинга и оценки, что признается представителями Европейской Комиссии. = This article analyses the role of Christian Churches in the formation of the European Union (EU) policy in immigration and asylum. After the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force (1999), the issues of immigration and asylum became the EU competence, at the supranational level. Christian Churches worked in this area long before the European Union acquired relevant competence. At present, all three Christian confessions — Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants are represented at the EU level, with the dominance of organisations connected with the Catholic Church. Taking into account experience and expertise of Christian organisations, it is fair to claim that they became recognised partners of the EU in the decision-making in the area of migration and asylum. The role of Christian organisations is particularly important in the monitoring and assessment, as recognised by the representatives of the European Commission.

In modern conditions of dynamic development of the market environment, deployment of informatization and globalization processes, and tightening of economic confrontation of companies, development of framework conditions for efficient competition and ensuring on this basis the current and long-term business competitiveness takes on particular significance. Competitive policy plays a significant role for solving this problem, which under modern economic conditions is one of the most important tools for economic processes state management aimed at formation and development of highly efficient economy with a significant growth potential and allowing to solve the whole range of social and economic problems. The results of studying the foreign experience in development and nature of the main provisions of antimonopoly and competition laws are presented in the article, and the main stages of its evolution are outlined. It was determined that qualitative changes in the world economy, active globalization and in-formatization processes, development of new economy and network structures had a significant impact on the modern model of competition policy. The key aspects of competition economic policy formation in the regional integration countries unions (EU, APEC, NAFTA, OECD, CIS, EAEU, etc.) are highlighted. It was determined that the EU legislation was considered one of the best examples of efficient international competition law. The main directions of the EU's competition policy and peculiarities of its promotion to other countries were revealed; peculiarities of developing a single competitive economic policy within the framework of EAEU were studied. The conducted researches allowed to determine that processes in the world economy had a significant impact on competition law, which during its formation has undergone significant changes, had become more flexible and targeted and acquired systemic character. Systematic study of the world experience, the EU's experience first of all, is obviously of a great interest for the Republic of Belarus with the market economy at the stage of active formation, as well as the corresponding policy for competition and competitiveness support. Learning this experience is important for successful integration of the country into the European and Global trade and economic area. The theoretical basis of the modern competition policy is formed by a number of conceptual approaches, which have to be learned to understand its key characteristics and accents, directions and methods, and also to predict the forms of its further modernization. ; В современных условиях динамического развития рыночной среды, развертывания процессов информатизации и глобализации, ужесточения экономического противоборства компаний особое значение приобретает формирование рамочных условий для эффективной конкуренции и обеспечение на этой основе текущей и долгосрочной конкурентоспособности бизнеса. Существенную роль в решении этой задачи призвана играть конкурентная политика, которая в современных условиях хозяйствования выступает одним из важнейших инструментов государственного управления экономическими процессами, направленными на формирование и развитие высокоэффективной экономики, обладающей значительным потенциалом роста и позволяющей решать весь комплекс социально-экономических задач. В статье представлены результаты исследования зарубежного опыта развития и содержания основных положений антимонопольного и конкурентного законодательства, выделены основные этапы его эволюции. Установлено, что качественные изменения мирового хозяйства, активно происходящие процессы глобализации и информатизации, развитие новой экономики и сетевых структур оказали существенное воздействие на современную модель конкурентной политики. Выделены ключевые аспекты формирования конкурентной экономической политики в региональных интеграционных объединениях стран (ЕС, АТЭС, НАФТА, ОЭСР, СНГ, ЕАЭС и др.). Установлено, что одним из лучших примеров эффективного международного законодательства о конкуренции считается законодательство ЕС. Раскрыты основные направления конкурентной политики ЕС и особенности ее продвижения в другие страны; исследованы особенности формирования единой конкурентной политики в рамках ЕАЭС. Проведенные исследования позволили установить, что процессы, происходящие в мировой экономике, оказали существенное влияние на конкурентное законодательство, которое за время своего становления претерпело существенные изменения, стало более гибким и целенаправленным, приобрело системный характер. Систематизированное изучение мирового опыта, прежде всего ЕС, представляет несомненный интерес для Республики Беларусь, рыночная экономика которой, как и соответствующая политика поддержки конкуренции и конкурентоспособности, находится в стадии активного формирования. Освоение этого опыта важно для успешной интеграции страны в общеевропейское и глобальное торгово-экономическое пространство. Теоретическую основу современной конкурентной экономической политики образует ряд концептуальных подходов, без освоения которых невозможно уяснить ее ключевые характеристики и акценты, направления и методы, а также прогнозировать формы ее дальнейшей модернизации.

This article discusses the evolution of the concept of bioeconomy from the early 1970s to the present. We highlight the main trends in the current development of bioeconomies in Russia and the European Union. Implementation of biotechnologies with a view to sustainable and low-carbon development is analyzed. It is the European Union that takes the leading position in the development of the bioeconomy. Several social, economic and political problems are to be solved by introducing elements of the bioeconomy in the EU. Moreover, we have identified and analyzed the stages of the development of a bioeconomy in Russia, as well as the main drivers and limitations associated with the development of a bioeconomy in Russia. Finally, an overview of state policies and instruments in the field of bioeconomic development is presented, and evaluations of their effectiveness and applicability in Russia are given.

The European Union has a variety of mechanisms to distribute its values and norms. The paper analyzes the method of modeling/imitation and similar mechanisms of ―contagion‖ and ―the power of example‖ that appeared as a result of the deep-seated image of the EU as a world standard and an example for others to follow. The rationale of the above mentioned foreign policy mechanisms is the social learning theory well-known in psychological science. The theory has been developing in EU studies and has facilitated the emergence of a "model power Europe" concept that best describes the role of imitation method in foreign policy of the European Union. The method suggests considering the EU as a model which attracts the attention of observers and becomes the source of imitation process for them. This mechanism is widely used in European foreign policy practice being one of the key factors of the EU global influence. The author addressed official documents, statements and speeches of European politicians, as well as theoretical and analytical works. ; Европейский Союз располагает разнообразными механизмами распространения своих ценностей и норм. В статье анализируется метод моделирования/имитации и аналогичные ему механизмы "инфицирования" и "силы примера", появившиеся в результате укоренившегося имиджа Евросоюза как мирового стандарта и примера для подражания. Обоснованием обозначенных внешнеполитических механизмов можно считать теорию социального обучения, широко известную в психологической науке. Теория получила развитие в европейских исследованиях и способствовала появлению концепции образцовой державы, раскрывающей роль метода имитации во внешней политике Евросоюза. Метод предполагает рассмотрение ЕС в качестве образца, который привлекает внимание наблюдателей и становится для них источником имитационного процесса. Данный механизм нашел широкое распространение в европейской внешнеполитической практике, став одним из ключевых факторов глобального влияния ЕС. При подготовке статьи ее автор опиралась на документы, официальные заявления и выступления европейских политиков, теоретические и аналитические работы

The strategic guideline for the Russian Federation, stipulated by the Strategy for Spatial Development, is to strengthen the connectivity of the economic space, modernize the sectoral structure, and stimulate the dynamics of the industrial production of the territories. The formation of a regional industrial policy, coordination with global scientific and technological priorities and the possibilities of the territories is considered as a driver of Russia's recovery growth. The article analyzes the experience of European countries, presents the evolution of the priorities of the industrial development strategy, systematizes effective tools and practices for updating the EU industry. The industrial policy of the EU is studied by the authors in two dimensions: 1) taking into account the integration goals and the potential of institutional support; 2) from substantive positions, in terms of priorities, tasks, mechanisms for the transformation of industry. The high elasticity of transformational changes in response to global challenges has been revealed: multiplicative enrichment of subject goals ("innovations – digitalization – resource-saving technologies – industrial ecology"); creation of a comprehensive toolkit focused on the complementarity of the industry of the EU coun-tries, focused on platform solutions, digital connectivity, environmental neutrality. The position on the pres-ence of out-of-country patterns and qualitative stages of modern industrial policy in countries and macro-territories with a heterogeneous economic space is substantiated, benchmarks of effective solutions are identified in the context of systemic government support for transformational changes in the industry of territories with different levels of development. The obtained conclusions can be used in the development of decisions in the field of state regulation of the industrial policy of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. ; Базовым ориентиром для РФ, закрепленным в Стратегии пространственного развития, является ...

Раздел "Международные экономические отношения" - рубрика "Зарубежный опыт" ; В статье рассматриваются проблемные вопросы политики устойчивого развития туризма Словакии. На основе анализа широкого статистического материала отмечается, что благоприятными факторами развития туризма в Словакии стали политическая трансформация страны в 1990-х гг. и ее вступление в 2004 г. в состав Европейского союза. Туристская политика Словакии в настоящее время направлена на сохранение текущего уровня количества туристов и изменение структуры посетителей, так как более половины из них являются экскурсантами и транзитными туристами. Основной же целью туристской политики республики стало позиционирование Словакии в качестве перспективного туристского региона на Европейском и мировом туристских рынках. В статье особое внимание уделено вопросам повышения качества туристских услуг посредством совершенствования услуг размещения (строительство небольших гостиниц, создание семейных пансионатов), рекламно-информационному продвижению национального туристского продукта, развитию туристского потенциала регионов Словакии. = The article reviews problem issues of tourism sustainable development in Slovakia. The author revealed on the basis of substantial statistical data that the political transformation of the country in the 1990s and its joining the European Union have become favourable factors for tourism development in Slovakia. Nowadays tourism policy is directed at maintaining the existing number of tourists and changing of their structure, for more than half of them are sightseers and transit tourists. The main aim of the country's tourist policy is positioning of Slovakia as a promising tourist region in the European and global tourist markets. The article pays special attention to the issues of raising the level of services offered to tourists by way of improvement of accommodation facilities (building of mini- and family hotels), advertising and information promotion of national tourist product as well as development of the Slovak regions' tourism potential.