Cover -- Occhiello -- Dedica -- Indice -- Premessa -- 1. Essenziale di matematica per l'economia -- 2. Il modello della domanda e dell'offerta di mercato di un bene -- Il problema economico degli individui: le scelte in condizioni di scarsità -- 4. L'impresa -- 5. Forme di mercato -- 6. Il problema economico della società: la frontiera delle possibilità produttive -- 7. Il modello della domanda e dell'offerta aggregata -- 8. Funzione di produzione aggregata e modelli economici -- Appendice matematica: il calcolo del tasso di crescitadi una variabile.
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
This paper estimates the extent of downward wage rigidity in Italy using a micro-econometric model and the recently released WHIP longitudinal data. The econometric approach distinguishes between downward nominal wage rigidity – i.e., the impediment to nominal wage cuts – and downward real wage rigidity – i.e., when nominal wages cannot grow by less than a minimum positive threshold. The model accounts for measurement error and flexibly specifies the counterfactual, rigidity-free wage change distribution. The period analyzed goes from the mid eighties to the end of the century, within which the 1992-1993 income agreements – with the abolition of the scala mobile – are situated. Overall, downward wage rigidity impacts on about 70% of the observations. However, in the periods following the income agreements, the impact of wage rigidity is reduced, in particular with regards to real rigidities (with a slight increase in nominal rigidities). In each sub-period, however, real rigidities prevail over nominal rigidities
La tesi si propone di trattare aspetti di natura gestionale ricorrendo alla teoria neo-istituzionale e neoclassica, mediante misure di valutazioni economiche adottate dalla Economia delle Risorse e dell'Ambiente. Il lavoro concerne l'applicazione di un modello di scelta di aiuto alla gestione di una piccola porzione della fascia costiera del Comune di Tarquinia interessata dalla presenza di un area protetta: la Salina di Tarquinia. Finalità di tale tesi è studiare come differenti stakeholder istituzionali rispondono alla proposta di nuovi obiettivi di gestione e pianificazione delle coste e delle aree protette, utilizzando la tecnica delle preferenze dichiarate (choice modelling). L'analisi di tale lavoro non si focalizza sul modo di risolvere o analizzare potenziali esternalità derivanti da conflitti istituzionali o di mercato, ma su come costruire un core di certezze, attraverso tecniche partecipative, che possa essere di aiuto allo programmazione dell'area. Successivamente l'analisi del benessere, per un'ipotetica apertura della Riserva a pagamento, è stata realizzata valutando le preferenze di un pubblico vasto. I risultati ottenuti fanno emergere interessanti considerazioni sulla possibilità di adeguare il framework gestionale e promuovere nuove forme di governance capaci di ridurre gli attuali contrasti nella gestione e di tenere in considerazione anche delle preferenze del pubblico. ; This thesis regards management strategies for protected areas by adopting the neo-institutional and neo-classical economic approach. The latter is invoked by setting up a resource economic valuation generally addressed by Environmental Economics. This contribution concerns more specifically the application of an econometric model (conditional logit model) to give a support in managing a small coastal area located in the borough of Tarquinia: The Tarquinia Saltwork (Salina di Tarquinia). Aim of this thesis is to study how different institutional stakeholders react to the proposal of new planning and management objectives of this coastal protected area, by using the choice modelling approach. This research is not focused mainly on resolving or analysing market and institutional externalities, but especially in building up a core of certainties which may be helpful to derive new future decisions about the management of the area. Moreover the welfare analysis, throughout the study of the consumer surplus, has been implemented by valuing the preference of people and their willingness to pay to access the protected area. Results support the idea of amending the actual legislative and management framework, and promoting a new governance aimed at removing disputes and taking into account the preferences of a vast number of people (relevant stakeholders and potential users of the area).
This article explores the possibility of applying the tools of economic analysis of law, which are traditionally used in the field of private law, to public law as well. The first part investigates constitutional law issues, addressed by prevailing approaches through the social contract framework, by applying an agreement model to a general public good such as the State. This model is typically based on games with features of the 'prisoner's dilemma.' Through the analysis of constitutional preferences that may transform such dilemma in a game with full cooperation equilibrium, two types of preferences are compared: 'utilitarian based on impartiality principle' & 'rawlsian based on difference principle'; it is shown that this second type better facilitates the constitutional agreement. With the objective of utilizing more easily economic theory tools, the article then attempts to apply the distinction between private & public good to that between private & public rights. In particular, both public goods & public rights can be assimilated as they are non-excludable & non-transferable through exchanges or contracts. Moreover, an attempt is made to define an economic counterpart to the juridical notion of 'general interest' which is the basis for those norms in the fields of public & administrative law envisaging the direct intervention of the State to remedy market failures, both at constitutional & sub-constitutional level. Hence the question of what are the most efficient legal procedures to solve such problems is addressed. Using above all the case of negative externalities related to private goods, the article discusses in particular when it is more efficient to resort to administrative interventions rather than judicial ones; or otherwise allowing such problems to be dealt with through private bargaining between injured & injurers. In this respect the latest literature of economic analysis of law often favors private bargaining in the spirit of Coase's thinking. However, it is here put forward that in terms of cost-benefit analysis economic theory reaches much less radical conclusions often supporting the higher efficiency of legal rules & administrative types of intervention. In the final part of the article, different legal systems (minimal, neoliberal, welfarist) are compared by way of analyzing their rationale & limitations from an efficiency point of view. Adapted from the source document.
The wave of protests that, starting from the end of 2010, hit some countries in the Middle- East North-Africa region, leading to the fall of long-standing autocratic regimes and referred to as the Arab Spring, has renewed the interests of researchers on youth bulges. The youth bulge theory links the demographic transition to political instability, by asserting that countries characterized by a particularly young population tend to be more vulnerable to political violence. The aim of the thesis is to test empirically this hypothesis on a sample of 160 countries in the post-World War II period. For this purpose, we adopt an econometric strategy alternative to the one prevailing in the literature on the determinants of civil conflicts: we employ a simple linear regression model which accounts for country and time fixed effects.
Macroeconomic variables such as government expenditure , interest rate, exchange rate, trade, inflation rates, unemployment, foreign direct investment and imports of goods and services have proven to be very volatile over time in Ghana and do have potential impacts on the growth of manufacturing firms. This scientific research thus seeks to unravel the causal relationships between some of these crucial macroeconomic indicators and their impact on the growth of manufacturing firms in Ghana. The growth of firms here is basically evaluated in terms of the manufacturing value added as a % of GDP though many research have often focused on real GDP as measure of growth. Manufacturing firms operating in the industrial sector of Ghana is our main focus here as the majority of firms in Ghana fall under this sector though GDP growth rates of manufacturing firms varies with other subrelated sectors like mining and construction. Some of the crucial macroeconomic indicators being explored in this work includes labour force, government expenditure, real effective exchange rate and trade variable as a % of GDP. The major sources of data of this work was secondary data and were obtained from world bank site and the Ghana Statistical service website. The data gathered for econometric analysis are a set of time series and spanned the period from 1990 to 2014.The ordinary least square method was employed with the use of Gretl software for obtaining our estimated co-efficient and the entire econometric analysis was performed in a multiple regression model. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the government of Ghana should should adopt some prudent macroeconomic policies in order to ensure that manufacuting firms experience a surge in growth
The investigation of long-tern economic growth and structural change in an economic systems constitutes an issue with a long tradition in economics. The aim of this paper is to analyse, from an econometric point of view, the Italian manufacturing system during the XX century. In particular, using a quite large dataset based on Industrial Census, we deal with the following aspects: (i) the role of structural changes, (ii) the role of convergence and/or persistence of growth rates, and finally, (iii) the impact of measures of specialization and of variety on economic growth. The main findings seem to support an idiosyncratic view of the Italian industrial development with respect to the well-established literature on the topic. In particular, two points emerge: the stability of the model of production specialization along the period considered, and the role of variety of industrial environment as one of the leading factors in spurring coal industrial growth
