Kretanje privrede u SFRJ. 1965-1970: Economic development in SFRY. 1965-1970
In: Its Studije, analize i prikazi 56
In: Its Studije, analize i prikazi 56
Hrvatska je bila gospodarski i demografski uspješnija u periodu od 1946. — 1990. nego nakon osamostaljenja. Članak istražuje uzroke takvog stanja kao i teorijske konzekvence studije slučaja Republike Hrvatske. Članak navodi uzroke vrlo brzog gospodarskog rasta Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske do 1980. godine ali i uzroke ekonomske krize u posljednjih deset godina socijalističkog poretka i komunističke diktature. Ta kriza je doprinijela (uz vanjskopolitičke okolnosti) propasti socijalizma i Jugoslavije, te uvođenju demokracije i kapitalizma. Međutim, novi sustav nije ispunio očekivanja. Republika Hrvatska je postigla vrlo skromne gospodarske rezultate nakon osamostaljenja, uz značajan pad broja stanovnika. Iako je rat pridonio takvom stanju, poslijeratni rezultati pokazuju da je pogrešna gospodarska politika glavni uzročnik tog neuspjeha. Osobito je negativan bio utjecaj privatizacije. Na teorijskom planu, studija slučaja Hrvatske ne potvrđuje dominantne teorije o prednostima demokracije nad diktaturom, kapitalizma nad socijalizmom ni teorije koje ističu prednosti nacionalne homogenosti za gospodarski rast, ali potvrđuje teorije o utjecaju ekonomije na tranziciju iz diktature u demokraciju. ; Croatia was economically and demographically more successful during the period from 1946 — 90 than after the independence. The article investigates the causes of such a situation as well as the theoretical consequences of the case study of the Republic of Croatia. The article explains the causes of the very rapid economic development of the Socialist Republic of Croatia until 1980. However, during the last ten years of the socialist system and communist dictatorship, an economic crisis broke out. This crisis contributed (along with foreign policy circumstances) to the collapse of that system, to the introduction of democracy and capitalism, and to the collapse of former Yugoslavia. Yet, the new system did not meet its expectations. The Republic of Croatia achieved very modest economic results after independence, with a ...
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The paper examines the role of social protection and social expenditure in the financial and economic crises. Accordingly, the objective of the paper was to analyse the trends in social expenditure developments in EU countries since the beginning of the last economic crisis (2008), examine changes in the composition of social protection spending during and following the crisis, and analyse the effectiveness of social protection schemes during and following the crisis in terms of poverty rate reduction. The paper confirmed that social protection expenditure has increased in almost all EU countries since the beginning of the crisis and that in the crisis most countries rely on redistributive effects of the so-called automatic stabilizers. Social expenditure developments during and following the crisis and the effectiveness of social protection in alleviating consequences of the crisis are related to the features of social protection models (regimes). Countries with larger social sectors are coping with the crisis more successfully. Economic, financial and social crises may induce changes in the social protection system. The crisis is an opportunity for countries with low social expenditure to widen the coverage of social schemes, set up new schemes or increase the level of benefits. As inappropriate crises management models fuel poverty and unemployment, and decrease economic growth, it is important to define the role of social protection/welfare state in a crisis management strategy. Among other things, a solution is to strengthen an approach where social expenditure is seen as social investments which may revitalize the role of social protection in the economic development. ; U radu se propituje uloga socijalne zaštite i socijalnih troškova u financijskim i ekonomskim krizama. Stoga je cilj rada bio istražiti trendove vezane za izdatke socijalne zaštite od početka posljednje ekonomske krize (2008.) u zemljama EU-a, istražiti promjene u strukturi troškova socijalne zaštite u kriznom i postkriznom razdoblju te analizirati učinkovitost programa socijalne zaštite u kriznom i postkriznom razdoblju s aspekta zaštite od siromaštva. Rad potvrđuje da su gotovo sve zemlje EU-a povećale troškove socijalne zaštite od početka krize te da se većina zemalja u krizi oslanja na redistributivne učinke tzv. automatskih stabilizatora. Obrasci kretanja izdataka socijalne zaštite u krizi i postkriznom razdoblju te učinkovitost socijalne zaštite u ublažavanju negativnih učinaka krize povezani su s obilježjima pojedinih modela (režima) socijalne zaštite. Zemlje s većim socijalnim sektorom uspješnije se nose s krizom. Ekonomske, financijske i socijalne krize mogu potaći promjene u socijalnoj zaštiti. Kriza je prigoda da zemlje s nižim troškovima socijalne zaštite prošire obuhvat programa, uvedu nove programe ili povećaju visinu naknada. S obzirom da loše upravljanje krizama samo povećava siromaštvo, nezaposlenost i smanjuje ekonomski rast, važno je definirati ulogu socijalne zaštite/države u okviru strategija upravljanja krizom. Među ostalim, rješenje je u pristupu koji u socijalnim izdacima vidi socijalne investicije koje mogu revitalizirati ulogu socijalne politike u ekonomskom razvoju.
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In: Razvoj - development, international: journal of problems of socio-economic development, developing countries and international relations, Band 7, Heft 2 -- 3, S. 227-233
ISSN: 0352-8553
In: Razvoj - development, international: journal of problems of socio-economic development, developing countries and international relations, Band 7, Heft 2 -- 3, S. 175-184
ISSN: 0352-8553
In: Politicka misao, Band 48, Heft 2, S. 186-204
This paper shows the theoretical framework and the review of empirical evidence of the effect that corruption has on the socio-economic development. The main goals of this paper are: to present the possible origins of corruption, and to analyze the existing models to eliminate or at least to reduce corruption in the society. In the paper, it is argued that anticorruption models should also include the strategy for the development of the institutional infrastructure that will change the perception of the members of the society about corruption as an unacceptable model of behavior. Adapted from the source document.
In: Razvoj - development, international: journal of problems of socio-economic development, developing countries and international relations, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 87-107
ISSN: 0352-8553
In: Politicka misao, Band 31, Heft 3, S. 109-113
The author, who sees himself primarily as a "long-time practitioner," thinks that government policies in Croatia have failed to achieve national consensus & boost the economy. To find a way out of the present situation, an agreement among the major political & economic forces is essential. In the economy, the author -- in accordance with the HSLS program -- advocates liberalization of exports, fast denationalization & restitution, a ban on further capitalization & the free granting of company shares, & traditional budgeting & cutting down on government subsidies in the economy. Adapted from the source document.
In: Razvoj - development, international: journal of problems of socio-economic development, developing countries and international relations, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 41-57
ISSN: 0352-8553
In: Razvoj - development, international: journal of problems of socio-economic development, developing countries and international relations, Band 7, Heft 2 -- 3, S. 167-168
ISSN: 0352-8553
In: Razvoj - development, international: journal of problems of socio-economic development, developing countries and international relations, Band 7, Heft 2 -- 3, S. 199-208
ISSN: 0352-8553
Ulaganje u istraživanje i razvoj stvara preduvjete za primjenu naprednije i bolje tehnologije. Omogućuje uvođenje novih proizvoda ili proizvodnih procesa koji mogu rezultirati većom zaradom i potencijalnim ekonomskim rastom. Istraživanje i razvoj katalizator su za generiranje agregatnih ekonomskih aktivnosti, no njihova važnost nije široko istražena na regionalnoj razini. Europska unija definirala je strategije u kojima se inovacije smatraju bitnim elementom za poticanje rasta i otvaranje novih radnih mjesta. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi i mjeriti utjecaj ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj na gospodarski rast lučkih regija. Podaci korišteni u ovom istraživanju su panel podaci lučkih regija Europske unije za klasifikaciju NUTS 2 u razdoblju od 2005. do 2015. Rezultati generalizirane metode momenata (GMM) i njenog procjenitelja u dva koraka pokazuju da ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj imaju značajan utjecaj na gospodarski rast lučkih regija u Europskoj uniji. Međutim, kako bi se inovacije usvojile i primijenile, također je potrebno da regije imaju određenu ekonomsku strukturu koja je dodatno analizirana u ovom radu. Regije s velikim inovacijskim kapacitetom stvaraju veće ekonomske koristi i smatra se da rastu brže od ostalih regija. ; Investment in research and development (R&D) creates preconditions for the implementation of more advanced and better technologies. It enables the introduction of new products or production processes which can result in higher earnings and potential economic growth. Even though research and development is a catalyst for the genesis of aggregate economic activity, its importance is not widely researched at regional levels. The European Union has defined strategies which view innovation as an essential element in stimulating growth and job creation. The aim of this paper is to establish and measure the impact of investment in R&D on economic growth of port regions. The data used in this research were panel data of the European Union's port regions for NUTS 2 classification for the period from 2005 to 2015. The results of the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) indicate that investment in R&D has a significant impact on the economic growth of the port regions in European Union. However, in order for innovations to be accepted and implemented, it is also necessary for regions to have specific economic structure which was further analyzed in this paper. Regions with high innovation capacity create greater economic benefits and are considered to grow faster than other regions.
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Ulaganje u istraživanje i razvoj stvara preduvjete za primjenu naprednije i bolje tehnologije. Omogućuje uvođenje novih proizvoda ili proizvodnih procesa koji mogu rezultirati većom zaradom i potencijalnim ekonomskim rastom. Istraživanje i razvoj katalizator su za generiranje agregatnih ekonomskih aktivnosti, no njihova važnost nije široko istražena na regionalnoj razini. Europska unija definirala je strategije u kojima se inovacije smatraju bitnim elementom za poticanje rasta i otvaranje novih radnih mjesta. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi i mjeriti utjecaj ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj na gospodarski rast lučkih regija. Podaci korišteni u ovom istraživanju su panel podaci lučkih regija Europske unije za klasifikaciju NUTS 2 u razdoblju od 2005. do 2015. Rezultati generalizirane metode momenata (GMM) i njenog procjenitelja u dva koraka pokazuju da ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj imaju značajan utjecaj na gospodarski rast lučkih regija u Europskoj uniji. Međutim, kako bi se inovacije usvojile i primijenile, također je potrebno da regije imaju određenu ekonomsku strukturu koja je dodatno analizirana u ovom radu. Regije s velikim inovacijskim kapacitetom stvaraju veće ekonomske koristi i smatra se da rastu brže od ostalih regija. ; Investment in research and development (R&D) creates preconditions for the implementation of more advanced and better technologies. It enables the introduction of new products or production processes which can result in higher earnings and potential economic growth. Even though research and development is a catalyst for the genesis of aggregate economic activity, its importance is not widely researched at regional levels. The European Union has defined strategies which view innovation as an essential element in stimulating growth and job creation. The aim of this paper is to establish and measure the impact of investment in R&D on economic growth of port regions. The data used in this research were panel data of the European Union's port regions for NUTS 2 classification for the ...
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In: Revija za socijalnu politiku: Croatian journal of social policy, Band 12, Heft 3-4, S. 333-344
ISSN: 1330-2965