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Skillnaderna mellan norra och sodra Italien i historiskt och europeiskt perspektiv
In: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, Band 105, Heft 4, S. 318-341
ISSN: 0039-0747
The purpose of this article is to review the main hypotheses on Questione meridionale, the Southern Question, a term which means the differences between the North & South of Italy, their causes, & possible solutions. All the hypotheses on the problem refer to three sectors: structural, economic, & cultural. Structural explanations include inefficiency, corruption of state administration, poor infrastructure & clientelism. Economic explanations revolve around the economic relation that was established between the North & South after the political union (1861). On one hand the Southern capitals go to the North in the form of taxes or State investments or Treasury bonds; on the other hand the North uses the South as a market for its manufactured goods. Cultural approaches explain Southern backwardness as is the result of a mentality characterized by lack of collaboration, lack of interest in public welfare, & victimization. All three types of explanations are inspired by North American or North European models, & "blame" the South for not being more like the North. In the last part of this article two scenarios are discussed. The first is that the cleavage between North & South will remain in the coming years. The second is that the cleavage will disappear as a result of European cultural & economic integration process & new cleavages formed by non-European immigration. 9 Tables, 1 Chart, 174 References. Adapted from the source document.
Complex problems and unchallenged solutions: Bringing ecosystem governance to the forefront of the UN sustainable development goals
Sustainable development aims at addressing economic, social, and environmental concerns, but the current lack of responsive environmental governance hinders progress. Short-term economic development has led to limited actions, unsustainable resource management, and degraded ecosystems. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) may continue to fall short of achieving significant progress without a better understanding of how ecosystems contribute to achieving sustainability for all people. Ecosystem governance is an approach that integrates the social and ecological components for improved sustainability and includes principles such as adaptive ecosystem co-management, subsidiarity, and telecoupling framework, as well as principles of democracy and accountability. We explain the importance of ecosystem governance in achieving the SDGs, and suggest some ways to ensure that ecosystem services are meaningfully considered. This paper reflects on how integration of these approaches into policies can enhance the current agenda of sustainability.
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Kommunala bolag med industriutvecklings uppgifter: en kartläggning och analys
In: Kommunal näringspolitik
In: SIND 1984:1
Technological development and industrial exhibitions 1850-1914: Sweden in an international perspective
In: Lund studies in economic history 5
Företagsstöd och kommunalt risktagande
In: Kommunal näringspolitik
In: SIND 1984:6
Den manskliga naturens politiska ekonomi: Kropotkins tillampning av evolutionslaran pa samhallet
In: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, Band 114, Heft 4, S. 553-574
ISSN: 0039-0747
This paper presents a rational reconstruction of Kropotkin's view on human nature, institutional change and economic development. Kropotkin shows that mutual aid among animals as well as in human society is far more important than recognized by contemporary individualist interpretation of Darwinism on society. His major contribution to political economy is that he offers an endogenous model of why institutions exist. However, his biological determinism and ethical naturalism imply that he disregard historical context, which leads him to de facto apply the perspective of historical idealism. The rise of the modern state, for example, he explains by the spread of the "idea of the state" and not by the economic development. Adapted from the source document.
Vem bryr sig och vem kan man lita pa? Skolans betydelse for ungdomars sociala tillit
In: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, Band 113, Heft 1, S. 90-96
ISSN: 0039-0747
In a comparative perspective, Sweden is a society with high social trust, corruption, law and high political trust. Research shows that the presence of social trust in society is crucial for economic growth, corruption, law and functioning democratic institutions. A society with high levels of trust leads to positive effects of increased security, more economic equality, more tolerance, better health and increased ability to solve social problems of various kinds. Adapted from the source document.
Den lokala näringspolitikens politiska ekonomi: en jämförande kommuntypsstudie
In: Örebro studies 12
Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The political economy of local economic development
Från "tyst vår" till "hållbar utveckling" : En kritisk diskursanalys av miljöfrågans utveckling 1962–1987 ; From 'Silent Spring' to 'Sustainable Development' : A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Development of the Environmental Issue 1962–1987
This dissertation studies the development of the environmental issue from a discursive perspective. Through an analysis of views on nature and the environment in several NGOs and main political organs, the dissertation tries to explain how a certain view became hegemonic. The analysis pertains to the period between the publication of Silent Spring in 1962 and the introduction of the concept sustainable development by the UN in 1987. From a realistic starting point and with critical discourse analysis (CDA) as its method, the dissertation aims to identify causal powers and mechanisms that have generated and institutionalized the environmental discourse. An analytical model is developed and applied on three levels; a sociolinguistic, institutional, and macrosocial level; which also reflect the methodological progression of the study from description to explanation. The result shows that the discursive practice was hegemonized by a Western view promoting economic growth. This discourse gradually gained ground at the expense of an anti-systemic discourse which posited structural societal changes as the answer to environmental problems. Mechanisms such as the exclusion of some views and actors from common discursive practices were crucial for the process of homogenizing the discourse and developing consensus. Through incorporating that part of the environmental movement which did not fight the dominant economic and political system, the UN turned it into support for its own project, which is part of the process of hegemony. At the same time the environmental objectives of the hegemonic discourse were established in the institutional spheres. The institutionalization of the environmental issue changed the focus from social critique to a question of development and technology, something which helped displace the original critical and partially anti-systemic character of environmental discourse. Through turning the critical and negative account of the situation into a more harmonious and hopeful vision, for instance in terms of sustainable development, a foundation was laid for the later development of ecological modernization. When the hegemonic discourse invested the concept of sustainable development with emphases on progress and economic growth, it encapsulated the environmental issue within the framework of the prevailing social system. ; With summary in English and Spanish/Con resumen en inglés y en español
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Svenska stadsregioner: Demokrati, lokalt medborgarskap och politiska institutioner
In: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, Band 111, Heft 1, S. 59-63
ISSN: 0039-0747
The Swedish cities have been moving towards city regions that will have consequences for democracy, local citizenship and political institutions in forms of economic development, competitiveness and living environment. The proposed study will research how the citizens are affected and how the political institutions are responding to these changes. L. Pitkaniemi
Stockholm BioRegion : Erfarenheter och lärdomar av att stärka och utveckla bioteknik-/läkemedelssektorn genom ett klusterinitiativ i en storstadsregion
In recent years, the notion of the triple helix approach in regional policies has come to represent an important innovation in regional policy making. In the context of industrial policies in Sweden, there are two cases in point. Firstly, "National program for development of innovation systems and clusters in Sweden (Visanu)" and, secondly, the VINNVÄXT program launched by Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems. There is now a broad consensus amongst policy makers and practitioners that the triple helix approach is an effective form of economic governance for promoting economic development. In tandem with this new policy orthodoxy, regional scientists and related disciplines have shown an increased interest in the connection between contemporary structures of economic governance and the ability to create and sustain industrial competitiveness over the past decade. The overall objective of this study to examine the emergence and development of the Stockholm BioRegion-initiative, from being constituted as an informal network to a nonprofit association of regional businesses, academic and public actors in the counties of Stockholm and Södermanland. More specifically, the study is focusing on the process of mobilization amongst different actors (business, academia and public sector) with a stake in the biotech and pharmaceutical sector. One important finding is that the triple helix approach in the VINNVÄXT-program has stimulated the formation of collaborative arrangements comprising key organisations in the biotech/ pharmaceutical sector (e.g. AstraZeneca and Karloniska institutet) as well as public-private partnerships (e.g. Stockholm-Uppsala biotech partnership, STandUP). In the concluding part of the paper, implications for the triple helix approach in metropolitan regions are discussed. The empirical findings in the study draw on field research undertaken during autumn 2004 to midsummer 2005.
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Planning processes for transport and ecological infrastructures in Poland - actors' attitudes and conflict
Biodiversity conservation is an important contemporary issue on global, EU and national policy agendas. However, in the face of human economic development, the important question is how to protect, maintain and restore biodiversity, without compromising economic and social dimensions of sustainability. Two sectors that can to a large extent influence biodiversity are forestry and road infrastructure development. Forestry is a sector very important for biodiversity conservation, since a large amount of protected and threatened species resides in forest ecosystems and many natural processes crucial for biodiversity occur in the forest. In addition, forests and woodlands form a network of habitats for many area-demanding species. Due to intensive forest management and fragmentation of forest and woodlands many elements of biodiversity are threatened, including species, habitats and processes. Road infrastructure development is another process that can negatively influence biodiversity. A growing network of transport infrastructure without doubt affects the functionality of the forest habitat networks. Negative effects include traffic mortality due to road collisions and barrier effect for individuals caused by high traffic volume, noise, wide roads and fencing. Cumulative effects of the infrastructure development can also lead to a loss of different elements of biodiversity at the landscape scale. Poland, with a legacy of less intensive forest management and still without a well-developed road infrastructure, is fortunate in terms of biodiversity maintenance. Due to economic underdevelopment of some regions of the country, Poland is rich in natural values including specialized species, functional habitat networks and ecological processes. However, after entering the European Union, Poland has started a process of rapid economic development, mainly with the help of EU funding. Enhancing road infrastructure is presently a key issue of economic development in this country. Dramatic growth in the amount of new roads can have large scale consequences for the biodiversity of the country, and can even influence biodiversity at the European scale. Policies aiming at biodiversity maintenance underline the need for implementing sustainability ideas in the planning and management for biodiversity. Traditionally, economic, environmental and social pillars of sustainability are identified. To be able to balance these three dimensions in the efforts for biodiversity conservation, there is a need to incorporate social dimensions in the nature science research concerning biodiversity. Especially, consideration of local attitudes is necessary in planning for biodiversity conservation. The aim of this thesis is to examine actors' attitudes and underlying values in two situations of conflict related to biodiversity conservation in Poland. One case concerns forest management in a biodiversity hot-spot, Białowieża forest and the other is about a development of a controversial road project of Augustów bypass. The results show that differences in attitudes may have various sources. The knowledge possessed by actors, their values, as well as scale at which they perceived biodiversity issues were identified as the main reasons for different attitudes. It was observed that in general, the actors whose attitudes were more "ecologically oriented" had to a large extent a cognitive view, that is their attitudes were mainly based on cognition (ecological knowledge) while "socially" or "economically oriented" actors' attitudes were more connected to emotions. In addition to differing attitudes, lack of trust was recognized in both cases as a factor escalating the conflict. The results showed also that legal issues are crucial to consider when biodiversity conservation is at stake. The results may have implications for the practical biodiversity conservation, since they show that both learning and legal incentives would be beneficial for the biodiversity conservation in controversial planning cases. This calls for the need for neutral forum for efficient public participation, communication and trust building between the actors and learning about important issues
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