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In this new volume of Research in Economic History, editors Christopher Hanes and Susan Wolcott bring together a cast of expert contributors to vigorously interrogate and analyze historic economics questions, looking across the political economy of the US, European history, and longstanding economic debates.

Volume 33 contains articles on the economic history of Europe, America and Asia and brings new analysis, and newly created datasets to address issues of interest. Two papers focus on the US and contribute to our understanding of the Great Depression.

Contains articles on the economic history of Europe and the US, including "Air Conditioning, Migration and Climate-related Wage and Rent Differentials"; "The Rail-Guided Vehicles Industry in Italy, 1861-1913: the Burden of the Evidence"; "English Banking and Payments before 1826"; and, "The Great Fortunes of the Gilded Age and the Crisis of 1893".

In this 37th volume of Research in Economic History, editors Christopher Hanes and Susan Wolcott assemble a group of lead experts to showcase new historical data, analyses of historical questions, and an investigation of historians' networks. The volume covers a wide range of ideas, beginning with an examination of the sharp decline in school attendance among white children in the Southern US after the Civil War, followed by a study on the fiscal administration of an experimental parliamentary subsidy on English knight's fees and income from 1431. A third paper assembles new county-level, household-level, and individual-level data, including new complete-count IPUMS microdata databases of the 1830-1880 censuses, to evaluate different theories for the nineteenth-century American fertility decline. The volume then pivots to deal with the development of banking in the Crown of Aragon from the end of the 13th century through the establishment of money changers. Finally, the volume summarizes in detail the content of Pieter Stadnitski's revolutionary 1787 report An Explanatory Message Concerning the Funds, analyzing its arguments with the context of Dutch archival materials including deeds, newspaper reports, and letters, as well as congressional records from American sources. This new volume presents fascinating new areas of enquiry and analysis for all scholars in the field of economic history, including economists, historians and demographers.

Front Cover; Research in Economic History; Copyright Page; Contents; List of Contributors; Introduction; Prices, Wages, and the Cost of Living in Old Republic São Paulo: 1891-1930; The Forgotten Half of Finance: Working-class Saving in Late Nineteenth-century New Jersey; Heights across the Last 2,000 Years in England; Monetary Policy and the Copper Price Bust: A Reassessment of the Causes of the 1907 Panic; Multiple Core Regions: Regional Inequality in Switzerland, 1860-2008; Index

Research in Economic History is a refereed journal, specializing in economic history, in the form of a book. This volume contains Louis Cain and Brooks Kaiser, "A Century of Environmental Legislation"; Stefano Fenoaltea, "The Measurement of Production: Lessons from the Engineering Industry in Italy, 1911"; Farley Grubb, "Is Paper Money Just Paper Money? Experimentation and Variation in Paper Monies Issued by the American Colonies from 1690 to 1775"; Oriol Sabate, "New Quantitative Estimates of Long-Term Military Spending in Spain, 1850-2009"; Eric Schneider, "Health, Gender and the Household: Children's Growth in the Marcella Street Home, Boston MA and the Ashford School, London, UK"; Ta-Chen Wang, "Entry, Competition and Terms of Credit in Early American Banking.

Volume 28 contains articles on the economic history of Europe and the U.S. including "Air Conditioning, Migration and Climate-related Wage and Rent Differentials" by Jeff E. Biddle; "The Rail-Guided Vehicles Industry in Italy, 1861-1913: the Burden of the Evidence" by Carlo Ciccarelli and Stefano Fenoaltea; "English Banking and Payments before 1826" by John A. James; "Retail Trade by Federal Reserve District, 1919 to 1939: A Statistical History" by Haelim Park and Gary Richardson; and "The Great Fortunes of the Gilded Age and the Crisis of 1893" by Hugh Rockoff

Volume 33 contains articles on the economic history of Europe, America and Asia and brings new analysis, and newly created datasets to address issues of interest. Two papers focus on the US and contribute to our understanding of the Great Depression. In "Reexamining the Origins of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act", Beaudreau argues industrialists used the plight of farmers to raise tariffs on manufactured goods. And Jalil and Rua show in "Inflation Expectations in the U.S. in Fall 1933" that shifts in inflationary expectations could be responsible for the patterns in output witnessed in 1933: an expansion in the early part of the year which stalled by the Fall. Two papers present new data. "First Cabin Fares from New York to the British Isles, 1826-1914" by Dupont, Keeling and Weiss extends their work on understanding early tourism by creating a new series to examine the time path of first class travel over the 19th century. "Reforms and Supervisory Organizations: Lessons from the History of the Istanbul Bourse, 1873-1883" by Hanedar, Hanedar, Torun and Çelikay data newly collected from the Istanbul Bourse to better understand how investors respond to different types of reforms. And finally, Field in "The Savings and Loan Insolvencies and the Costs of Financial Crisis" gives a reinterpretation of the Savings and Loan Crises of the late 1980s and early 1990s in light of the subsequent, much more severe crisis of 2007/08.

DEMOCRATIZATION AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING, 1870-1938: EMERGENCE OF THE LEVIATHAN? / Jari Eloranta,Svetlozar Andreev,Pavel Osinsky -- SWEDISH REGIONAL GDP 1855-2000: ESTIMATIONS AND GENERAL TRENDS IN THE SWEDISH REGIONAL SYSTEM / Kerstin Enflo,Martin Henning,Lennart Schön -- POLITICAL ECONOMIC LIMITS TO THE FED'S GOAL OF A COMMON NATIONAL BANK MONEY: THE PAR CLEARING CONTROVERSY REVISITED / John James,David Weiman -- THE ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY OF NATIVE AMERICANS, c.1820-1890 / John Komlos,Leonard Carolson -- THE DISPERSION OF CUSTOMS TARIFFS IN FRANCE BETWEEN 1850 AND 1913: DISCRIMINATION IN TRADE POLICY / Becuwe Stéphane,Blancheton Bertrand

Volume 34 contains articles on the economic history of Europe, North America and South America and brings new analysis, and newly created datasets to address issues of interest. Two of the papers present newly constructed datasets. In "Prices, Wages and the Cost of Living in Old Republic São Paulo: 1891-1930", Ball presents a newly constructed real wage index. São Paulo was the main destination for immigrants to Brazil in this period, but there has never before been sufficient data to analyse why. In "Multiple Core Regions: Regional Inequality in Switzerland, 1860 to 2008", Stohr uses the wealth of available Swiss data on agriculture and employment to create GDP measures for subregions in Switzerland. He uses these data to argue that aggregate inequality in Switzerland was low in the initial push to industrialization because there were multiple, similar centers industrializing simultaneously, thus mitigating inequality across regions. Two of the papers gather together existing data so that it can be analysed for the first time in a consistent manner. In "The forgotten half of finance: working-class saving in late nineteenth-century New Jersey", Bodenhorn uses previously unexplored consumer surveys to characterize the savings behavior of the working class. And in "Heights across the last 2000 years in England", Galofré-Vilà, Hinde, and Guntupalli gather all existing skeletal data for England for 2000 years to create a consistent longitudinal height series. They compare the series to height series of other regions as well as other measures of well being in England. And finally, in "Monetary Policy and the Copper Price Bust: A Reassessment of the Causes of the 1907 Panic", Rogers and Payne dig into the details of copper prices to discover the link between the Bank of Englands contractionary monetary policy and changes in real asset prices. Their findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of monetary policy.