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The research contained in this thesis seeks to address a range of issues and questions related to an exploration of why Victoria's colonial government established a defence department in 1883 when no other Australasian colony did so. The study draws primarily on Australian and British archival records, contemporary historical accounts and a large body of relevant secondary material to consider how political leaders, colonial administrators and the armed services in Britain and Victoria confronted the problems associated with planning, designing, implementing, funding and maintaining an effective indigenous defence capability in Victoria during a period of rapid social, economic and political change. The research identifies a series of chronologically related themes over the fifty-year period following European settlement in Victoria that shaped the evolution of Victoria's colonial defence management through to the creation of a dedicated defence department in 1883. The chronological themes examine how local security issues related to Victoria's gold rush combined with the pressures from wider strategic competition between Britain and various European powers and the introduction of responsible government, came to generate a set of complex contingent defence management circumstance in Victoria. It considers how such complexities came to shape the management of colonial defence in the Colony and how the vision and efforts of two men; James Service and Frederick Sargood, came to influence the ultimate decision to create Australia's first, and only, colonial defence department.

Intro -- Introduction -- Contents -- 1: Nutrition -- 1.1 Nutrition as Cultural History -- 1.2 Nutrition as an Expression of Lifestyle -- 1.3 Food and Globalisation -- References -- 2: Food Markets -- 2.1 Food: Products and Services -- 2.2 Food Prices -- 2.3 Food Security -- References -- 3: Agriculture -- 3.1 Agricultural Production -- 3.2 Agricultural Soil -- 3.3 The Race for Water -- 3.4 Genetic Engineering and Seed Control -- 3.5 On the Globalisation of Agriculture -- References -- 4: Meat Industry and Fisheries -- 4.1 Animal Husbandry -- 4.2 Fisheries -- References -- 5: Agricultural Trade -- 5.1 Producer Markets -- 5.2 Consumer Markets -- References -- 6: Biodiversity and Organic Farming -- 6.1 Preserving Biodiversity -- 6.2 The Food Waste Problem -- References -- 7: Alternatives -- 7.1 Digitisation as an Opportunity -- 7.2 Limiting the Sale of Agricultural Land to Investors -- 7.3 Innovative Products from Food Raw Materials -- 7.4 Reorientation Towards Garden-Type Agriculture? -- 7.5 Change of Diet -- 7.6 Organic Farming -- References -- 8: Conclusion -- 8.1 Ethical Guidelines for Companies -- 8.2 Information and Education -- 8.3 Ecological Awareness Pays Off Economically -- References.

The launch of Journal of Women's History occurred as Americanist women's and gender history was undergoing a profound transformation caused by increased analytical attention to "race" and ethnicity. Within a year of the Journal's emergence, Vicki Ruiz and Ellen Carol DuBois published the first edition of their landmark anthology, Unequal Sisters , in which they encouraged Americanist women's and gender historians to eschew "biracial approach[es]" and embrace a "kaleidoscopic" angle of vision that would permit "many pasts … [to] be explored simultaneously." This article reviews Americanist gender scholarship on race and ethnicity that has been produced over the last twenty-five years. Work on race, ethnicity, and gender has revealed sundry social, political, cultural, and economic dynamics within U.S. history. It is arguably the case, however, that Americanist women's and gender historians could productively analyze multiple racial and ethnic groups together on a more sustained basis.

Inflation and an addiction to debt characterize the U.S. economy. The author explains how the policies directed at avoiding deflation have yielded income and wealth redistribution and inequities; inflation; inordinate growth in government, the financial sector, money supply, and debt; currency debasement; fragility in the financial system; loss of international competitiveness; and distortions in interest rates, currency ratios, trade, labor and product pricing, and asset valuations. Whether through currency depreciation, unjust wage and price increases, the absence of real income gains for all through maximum price reductions from efficiency and technology gains, or other means, the unblessed are relatively impoverished by the wealth redistribution of the system courtesy of the distributional coalitions, big government, and the financial sector. The author provides a critical look at fundamental economic theory and practice in a nonmathematical, common sense presentation. He offers a new, insightful challenge to aspects of Keynesian and monetarist theories. These schools of thought have not been proffering solutions for our problems of debt, inflation, and relative poverty because they are unnecessarily anchored to a debt-based monetary system, interest rate management and inadequately competitive markets. The U.S. and capitalism should have been producing better results. Our imperfect system is so flawed and has become so fragile that a major financial collapse may well challenge the actual survival of our political institutions. Other writers have addressed such subjects as the business cycle, failures of the banking system, inflation, debt, potential financial collapse, distributional coalitions, and the desirability of a system translating productivity growth into lower output prices. This book is unique in offering a unified, comprehensive view of these subjects and others in a non-mathematical, nontraditional, yet compelling manner. It will be useful to students, teachers, policymakers and general readers who sense that something ails mainstream economics and seek a better understanding of the systemic deficiencies that have brought the U.S. to its fragile financial state and of the reasons so many past policies and programs have failed.

Military and defense-related procurement has been an important source of technology development across a broad spectrum of industries that account for an important share of United States industrial production. In this book, the author focuses on six general-purpose technologies: interchangeable parts and mass production; military and commercial aircraft; nuclear energy and electric power; computers and semiconductors; the INTERNET; and the space industries. In each of these industries, technology development would have occurred more slowly, and in some case much more slowly or not at all, in the absence of military and defense-related procurement. The book addresses three questions that have significant implications for the future growth of the United States economy. One is whether changes in the structure of the United States economy and of the defense-industrial base preclude military and defense-related procurement from playing the role in the development of advanced technology in the future, comparable to the role it has played in the past. A second question is whether public support for commercially oriented research and development will become an important source of new general-purpose technologies. A third and more disturbing question is whether a major war, or the threat of major war, will be necessary to mobilize the scientific, technical, and financial resources necessary to induce the development of new general-purpose technologies. When the history of United States technology development in the next half century is written, it will focus on incremental rather than revolutionary changes in both military and commercial technology. It will also be written within the context of slower productivity growth than of the relatively high rates that prevailed in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s or during the information technology bubble that began in the early 1990s. These will impose severe constraints on the capacity of the United States to sustain a global-class military posture and a position of leadership in the global economy.

"Sir John Hicks (1904-[19]89) was a leading economic theorist of the twentieth century, and along with Kenneth Arrow was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1972. His work addressed central topics in economic theory, such as value, money, capital and growth. An important unifying theme was the attention to economic rationality 'in time' and his acknowledgment that apparent rigidities and frictions might exert a positive role as a buffer against excessive fluctuations in output, prices and employment. This emphasis on the virtue of imperfection significantly distances Hicksian economics from both the Keynesian and monetarist approaches. Containing contributions from distinguished theorists in their own right (including three Nobel Prize-winners), this volume examines Hicks's intellectual heritage and discusses how his ideas suggest a distinct approach to economic theory and policy-making. It will be of great interest to scholars and students of economic theory and the history of economic thought."--Jacket

Este artigo tem por finalidade mostrar algumas transformações ocorridas em Moju, um município da Amazônia no inicio da década de 1980, quando a região foi 'tomada' pela chegada de diversos projetos agroindustriais pautados nos ideais desenvolvimentistas dos militares. Tais mudanças foram de grandes impactos para os moradores do município, onde ainda hoje tem em suas memórias esse difícil período da história. As diversas conectividades que o município começa a ter com expansão capitalista são destacadas como: a imigração japonesa, a opção rodoviarista, a instalação dos grandes projetos e a presença seletiva do Estado. Isso tudo discutido a partir da fala de lideranças camponesas na região.

"This title was first published in 2002: Advancing the understanding of a transition society, this book presents an in-depth analysis of social structures in modern Russia. Using unique survey data spanning nearly a decade, it describes and analyzes Russia's social development and class formation during the 1990s. Featuring a fascinating critical examination of such areas as social mobility, the structure and nature of labour markets, economic well-being and societal atmosphere, a team of leading international contributors cast a critical eye over the standard ways of understanding post-communist Russia. The result is an impressive and influential work which will make stimulating reading for researchers, academics and practitioners in the fields of Sociology, Politics and Economics as well as Russian specialists."--Provided by publisher

"Ostatni kryzys finansowy zwrócił uwagę na duże znaczenie sektora finansowego, głównie banków, dla gospodarki. Poszukiwanie źródeł tego kryzysu spowodowało wzrost zainteresowania relacjami między sferą finansową a sferą realną, które zmieniały się w czasie. O wzroście znaczenia sektora finansowego świadczy występujące w dyskursie naukowym określenie jednego z etapów transformacji gospodarki jako przejścia od kapitalizmu przemysłowego do finansowego. W ramach nurtu historii myśli ekonomicznej, neoliberalizmu, akceptowano zbiór idei dotyczących m.in. ograniczania roli państwa, uznania rynku za doskonale efektywny, konkurencyjny i stabilny, występowania takich zjawisk, jak: globalizacja, liberalizacja oraz finansjalizacja. Finansjalizacja była związana z redefiniowaniem ekonomicznych funkcji sektora finansowego, a jedną z nich jest jego oddziaływanie na wzrost gospodarczy. W publikacji podjęto temat finansjalizacji sektorów bankowych dwudziestu ośmiu państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. W badaniach uwzględniono zmienne opisujące sektor bankowy oraz sferę realną gospodarki. Zweryfikowano hipotezę główną, że finansjalizacja rozumiana jako wzrost sektora bankowego negatywnie wpływa na wzrost gospodarczy państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w latach 2008-2018. W pracy zastosowano metody nieparametryczne - analizę obwiedni danych i indeks Malmquista."--

1. The Narrative -- 2. The Quantum of Growth -- 3. Drivers of Growth in Sub Saharan Africa -- 4. Sectoral Growth in Sub Saharan Africa -- 5. Deindustrialisation in Sub Saharan Africa Explains Key Vulnerabilities in Growth and Productivity -- 6. The Labour Market in Sub Saharan Africa -- 7. Poverty, Jobs and Growth: The Primary Policy Agenda for SSA -- 8. A Policy Agenda for the way forward in Poverty, Jobs and Growth in Sub Saharan Africa.

Intro -- Title page -- Imprint page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface: Connecting the Dots -- PART ONE: Confronting and overcoming the 'native reserve' -- Three Acres and a Cow in Glen Grey District -- Securing the Base, Home and Future -- Wall Units, Room Dividers and 'Freedom in Consumption' -- Khaw'ndenze Umntu - Make Me Human -- PART TWO: SCRIBBLES ON MONEY, PEOPLE AND POWER -- Life (and Death) Esidimeni: Inaction and Indignity, the South African Way -- Fixing the Economy in a Den of Robbers -- Sunday Pressers and Memories of kwaGama Tavern -- Additions to the Grocery List of the Poor - Merit Goods and Additions to the List of Zero-Rated Goods in South Africa -- Bleeding Cow Heads and Citizens Arrests in a 'World Class African City' -- Cycles of Serial Injustice -- Lessons from India: Cheap Data is Critical to Unlocking the Economy -- Fixing the Deck Chairs of The Mendi While it Sinks -- PART THREE: SO, WHAT CAN WE DO? -- Socially Reproducing a Different Future -- Acknowledgements -- List of Tables, Figures and Photographs -- Bibliography -- Endnotes.