Suchergebnisse

The objective of the research was to analyze the perspectives of Ukraine's foreign economic policy with respect to Latin America. An overview of the economic and political situation in Latin America is characterized by intensification of inflation in the region, reduction of exports and foreign investment, erosion of the level of business and consumer confidence. She used the following research methods: methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, methods of induction and deduction, generalization, and systematization, economic, etc. Defined strategic orientations have been identified to improve foreign economic cooperation between Ukraine and Latin America to seek new foreign markets and increase foreign trade, such as: opening representative offices of Ukrainian companies in Latin America; active participation of Ukrainian companies in trade fair and exhibition events taking place in the countries of the region; establishment of bilateral industrial cooperation in the territory of MERCOSUR member countries. It concludes on the need to develop a long-term strategy to activate trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the countries of the Latin American region with the identification and justification of sectoral priorities.

Las políticas económicas en España, desde la transición a la democracia hasta la crisis de 2007, son objeto de reflexión en este trabajo. El estudiar en qué medida los gobiernos conservadores (UCD, PP) o los socialistas (PSOE) en el poder desarrollaron una administración del sector público más eficiente es tarea que tropieza con diversos obstáculos. No obstante, si se admite que ninguno de los partidos políticos mencionados siguió patrones electoralistas ni partidistas en el gobierno de la nación, parece muy probable que la etapa 1986-1992 haya sido el período de mayor contribución al bienestar económico de los españoles. ; This paper examines economic policy in Spain, from the transition to democracy up to the crisis of 2007. The analysis of to what extent the Conservative (UCD, PP) or Socialist (PSOE) governments carried out a more efficient administration of the public sector is a task that encounters numerous obstacles. However, if we accept that none of the political parties mentioned followed electioneering or party political schemes when in government, it would appear highly probable that the term that ran from 1986 to 1992 was the period which has contributed most to the economic well-being of Spaniards.

This paper examines economic policy in Spain, from the transition to democracy up to the crisis of 2007. The analysis of to what extent the Conservative (UCD, PP) or Socialist (PSOE) governments carried out a more efficient administration of the public sector is a task that encounters numerous obstacles. However, if we accept that none of the political parties mentioned followed electioneering or party political schemes when in government, it would appear highly probable that the term that ran from 1986 to 1992 was the period which has contributed most to the economic well-being of Spaniards. ; Las políticas económicas en España, desde la transición a la democracia hasta la crisis de 2007, son objeto de reflexión en este trabajo. El estudiar en qué medida los gobiernos conservadores (UCD, PP) o los socialistas (PSOE) en el poder desarrollaron una administración del sector público más eficiente es tarea que tropieza con diversos obstáculos. No obstante, si se admite que ninguno de los partidos políticos mencionados siguió patrones electoralistas ni partidistas en el gobierno de la nación, parece muy probable que la etapa 1986-1992 haya sido el período de mayor contribución al bienestar económico de los españoles.

The study of public policies as an issue of academic interest, which is manifested at a time when the state imposes its interventor character because of the Great Depression of 1929. This paper aims to establish a theoreticalconceptual discussion between public policies and an economic policy. It was used a documentary review as methodology. The focus of public policies and an economic policy is the product of the boom of the intervening State. An economic policy, as a public policy, is a normative, empirical and social discipline dedicated to the study of the criteria, ends, means and doctrines that governments use to intervene in the economic reality of a country. In conclusion, the discussion about which collective decision mechanism is most appropriate: the State or the market, is the real core in the evolution of the approach of public policies, and in particular, of an economic policy. ; El estudio de las políticas públicas como tema de interés académico, se manifiesta en un momento en el cual el Estado impone su carácter interventor, producto de la Gran Depresión de 1929. Este trabajo tiene como propósito establecer una discusión teórico-conceptual entre las políticas públicas y la política económica. El enfoque de las políticas públicas y de la política económica es producto del auge del Estado interventor. La política económica, como política pública, es una disciplina normativa, empírica y social dedicada al estudio de los criterios, fines, medios y doctrinas utilizadas por los gobiernos para intervenir en la realidad económica de un país. En conclusión, la discusión acerca de qué mecanismo de decisión colectiva es más adecuado, el Estado o el mercado, es lo que está de fondo en la evolución del enfoque de las políticas públicas y, en particular, de la política económica.

The growing scholarship on policy change in Latin America has not yet studied the cases of economic change the region has experienced in the previous decades. This is the gap this article seeks to address, while focusing on the Argentinean case. It will study the different moments of change in economic policy that took place between the last military dictatorship and the government of Néstor Kirchner, including the governments of Raúl Alfonsín and Carlos Ménem. The focus will be on trade policies and their instruments. We contend that these changes happen following a pattern of punctuated equilibrium. However, the theory that fits best with the economic policy changes in Argentina is Multiple Streams Theory. The role of the policy entrepreneurs and the policy windows created by the successive economic crises constitute key elements to explain the fit between the significant shifts in economic policy during the last decades in Argentina and Multiple Streams theory. ; La literatura creciente sobre cambio en las políticas públicas en América Latina aún no ha estudiado los casos de cambio económico que ha experimentado la región en las últimas décadas. Este artículo busca suplir dicho vacío al concentrarse en el estudio del caso argentino. Se analizarán los diferentes momentos en los que hubo cambios significativos en las políticas económicas desde la última dictadura militar hasta el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner, incluyendo los gobiernos de Raúl Alfonsín y Carlos Ménem. El objeto de análisis será principalmente las políticas comerciales y su conjunto de instrumentos de política. Se argumenta que dichos cambios sucedieron siguiendo una lógica de equilibrio puntuado, cuyas dinámicas se explican adecuadamente a través del uso de teorías de las Corrientes Múltiples. El papel de los emprendedores de política pública y las ventanas de oportunidad creadas por las sucesivas crisis económicas experimentadas por el país, constituyen los elementos principales para explicar la concordancia entre los cambios radicales en las ...

Numerous acts of foreign policy - but also of domestic policy - show the ideological commitment of Jair Bolsonaro with the lines of action of the government of the United States of America.The pronouncements and actions taken against Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua, as well as his rapprochement with Israel, among others, leave very little doubt about the pro-US geopolitical orientation of his government. However, his actions in the field of international economic relations appear to be more ambiguous.For this reason, this paper aims to characterize the international economic policy of Brazil during the first two years of President Jair Bolsonaro's adminstration, in general, and, specifically, in relation to South America. The novelty of this study lies in the approach to the subject through the interrelation between the geopolitical approach and the international economic policy of the aforementioned president.

Memoria ID-0245. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016.

Under the premise that the primary function of the contemporary State is to guarantee the realization of the human rights of its inhabitants, this document discusses from a theoretical point of view, how economic policy in a democratic society organized through a market system, it does not contribute to the effective realization of human rights. For this purpose, the human rights approach will be proposed as the appropriate framework for the design of economic policy. Particularly, it is interesting to study the relationship between the market system and human rights, under the basic hypothesis that the democratic system together with the market economy, do not offer the conditions to develop and realize the human rights of people. ; Bajo la premisa de que la función primordial del Estado contemporáneo es garantizar la realización de los derechos humanos de sus habitantes, en este documento se discute, desde un punto de vista teórico, cómo la política económica en una sociedad democrática organizada mediante un sistema de mercado no contribuye a la realización efectiva de los derechos humanos. Con este propósito, se propondrá el enfoque de los derechos humanos como el marco adecuado para el diseño de la política económica. Particularmente, interesa estudiar la relación entre el sistema de mercado y los derechos humanos, bajo la hipótesis básica de que el sistema democrático, en conjunto con la economía de mercado, no ofrece las condiciones para desarrollar y realizar los derechos humanos de las personas.

Temas principales en relación con decisiones de política macroeconómi-ca, condiciones económicas nacionales, y nexos de esos tópicos con el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo humano, son abordados aquí, en especial desde la óptica de los países latinoamericanos. En la primera sección, se discuten las principales características de las políticas scales, monetarias y cambiarias. Luego, se consideran los enlaces entre esas po-líticas y el crecimiento de la producción. A partir de allí se exponen los conceptos centrales respecto a desarrollo humano en el contexto especí- co de las sociedades, tomando en cuenta, el potencial de presentarse la "enfermedad holandesa".Las principales conclusiones incluyen aquellas que subrayan la necesidad de estabilidad, infraestructura institucional, y condiciones sociales para apoyar el crecimiento económico sostenible y el desarrollo como logros dinámicos y permanentes de una sociedad ; The major issues concerning political macroeconomic decisions, national economic environments, as well as links which connect these topics to economic growth and human development, are addressed here, mainly from the standpoint of the Latin American countries. In the intersection, central features of fiscal, monetary and the exchange rate policies are addressed. Following this, links between macroeconomic policies and economic growth are discussed. Then, fundamental characteristics of human evelopment concepts are emphasized, to highlight the dual relationship between economic growth and human development within specific context of societies, taking into account special dynamics from the potential "Dutch disease" presence in a country. Principal conclusions include those which underline the need of stability, institutional infrastructure, and social conditions to support sustainable economic growth and human development, as dynamic and permanent accomplishments of a society.