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"The author has virtually incomparable experience in both providing trade policy advice to more than 25 countries on behalf of the World Bank and also publishing quality journal articles in most of those cases. In this volume, he focuses on his work on: (i) trade policies for countries making the transition from planned to market economies; (ii) his trade policy guideline papers for the World Bank on trade policies for poverty alleviation, uniform tariff policy, adjustment costs of trade liberalization, exchange rate overvaluation, globalization and technology transfer and rules of thumb on regional trade policies; (iii) multilateral, dynamic and environmental issues in trade policy using computable general equilibrium models; (iv) trade policy of the United States in the auto and steel industries; and (v) mathematical methods for modeling. The papers show an unusual combination of policy relevance, advice and impact, with rigor and international trade theory insights. The papers in this volume have appeared in many of the economics profession's more prestigious journals, including Econometrica, Review of Economic Studies, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Economic Journal, the Journal of International Economics, International Economic Review, European Economic Review, Canadian Journal of Economics, Economic Inquiry, the Journal of Comparative Economic, Review of International Economics, World Economy, the Southern Economic Journal, the World Bank Economic Review, the Japanese Economic Review and the Latin American Journal of Economics. In this book, the author elaborates on the articles by discussing some of the policy contexts for the requests for the work from developing and transition countries to the World Bank, the key trade theory or policy insights, policy recommendations and conclusions and the policy impacts."--Publisher's website

Desde el análisis de políticas públicas, el artículo aborda la evolución de lapolítica turística argentina entendiendo tal política como parte de un proceso histórico. La metodología que acompaña esto consiste en el análisis documental de normativas, leyes, decretos y documentos enfocados en la evolución de la política turística argentina. La misma responde a un contexto social, económico y político particular, estructurado sobre la base de cánones internacionales vigentes, que permiten identificar periodos diferenciados, que no se pueden explicar a partir de una única variable. Las acciones públicas en el área llevan consigo las ideas y necesidades del gobierno y las relaciones de este con los demás actores gubernamentales y privados, que dinámicamente ocupan unaposición predominante en la arena turística. El estudio identifica: una fase inicial, previa al surgimiento histórico del turismo como asunto público, a partir de una fuerte participación de actores privados; una fase de expansión, asociada a la consolidación del Estado de Bienestar argentino y la generalización del derecho a las vacaciones pagadas; y finalmente, una fase de reconversión, vinculada a las ideas de desregulación y privatización que priman desde finales del siglo XX, consolidando las finalidades económicas asociadas al impulso de la actividad ; From the analysis of public policies, the article discusses the evolution of Argentina´s tourism policy understanding such policy as part of a historical process. The methodology that accompanies this consists in the documentary analysis of regulations, laws, decrees and documents focused on the evolution of Argentina´s tourism policy. This responds to a particular social, economic and political context, structured on the basis of current international canons, which allow differentiated periods to be identified, which cannot be explained by a single variable. Public actions in the area carry with them the ideas and needs of the government and its relations with other governmental and private actors, which dynamically occupy a predominant position in the tourism arena. The study identifies: an initial phase, prior to the historical emergence of tourism as a public issue, based on the strong participation of private actors; an expansion phase, associated with the consolidation of the Argentine welfare state and the generalization of the right to paid holidays and, finally; a phase of reconversion, linked to the ideas of deregulation and privatization that prevail since the end of the 20th century, consolidating the economic purposes associated with the promotion of the activity. ; Fil: Schenkel, Erica Natalia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina

This paper conducts a comparative review of the evolution of the economic crisis generated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the responses enacted by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union. It highlights differences and common elements in the strategic approaches, the intensity of the interventions, and governance structures. In the final section, it identifies short- and medium-term actions, inspired by the comparative analysis, which could contribute to improve the ASEAN response.

The purpose of the article is to analyze current Russian policy toward Southeast Asian countries and to examine prospects for the future development of Russia‐(ASEAN) relations. This article is structured around three issues, discussed in three parts. The first part examines the evolution of Russia‐ASEAN political relations from the establishment of the "dialogue partnership" to the present time and Russia's participation in the multilateral cooperation structures under the ASEAN umbrella. The second part concentrates on the achievements and the problems of economic and technical cooperation between the countries. Special attention is paid to the recent initiatives of the Russian government to foster the economic development of Far East territories. The third part is devoted to the analysis of Russia‐ASEAN relations from the point of view of cultural interaction. It argues that despite optimistic official rhetoric, Russian policy in the Asian dimension is not balanced and there is no clear strategy to improve Russia's place in the region.Цель данной статьи—проанализировать внешнюю политику России в Юго‐Восточной Азии на современном этапе и охарактеризовать дальнейшие перспективы развития сотрудничества России со странами АСЕАН. В статье подробно рассмотрены ключевые моменты взаимодействия России и АСЕАН. Первая часть посвящена эволюции политического сотрудничества России и АСЕАН—от учреждения «диалогового партнерства» до участия России в многосторонних структурах под эгидой АСЕАН. Во втором разделе рассматриваются основные аспекты экономического и технического сотрудничества между странами. В третьей части отношения России со странами АСЕАН анализируются с точки зрения культурного взаимодействия. На основании проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод о том, что, несмотря на оптимистичные официальные заявления, политика России на азиатском направлении не сбалансирована. На данный момент у российской политической элиты уже сложилось понимание необходимости «поворота на Восток», но четкая стратегия по укреплению позиций России в регионе по‐прежнему отсутствует.

Editorial: Integrating development and climate policies / Bert Metz, Marcel Kok -- Synthesis: Integrating development and climate policies: national and international benefits / Marcel Kok. [et al.] -- Research: Methods for quantifying the benefits of sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs) / Harald Winkler, Niklas Hohne, Michel Den Elzen ; Bilateral and multilateral financial assistance for the energy sector of developing countries / Dennis Tirpak, Helen Adams -- Synthesis: Financing the integration of climate change mitigation into development / Alan S. Miller ; Adaptation and the poor : development, resilience and transition / Anne Jerneck, Lennart Olsson ; Adapting development cooperation to adapt to climate change / Shardul Agrawala, Maarten Van Aalst ; Climate adaptation from a poverty perspective / Geoff O'Brien. [et al.] ; Sustainable development and climate change : lessons from country studies / Kirsten Halsn~es, P.R. Shukla, Amit Garg ; Brazilian transport initiatives with GHG reductions as a co-benefit / Suzana Kahn Ribeiro, Adrianna Andrade De Abreu.

This dissertation documents and evaluates certain financial and non-financial strategies used by the public accounting profession to influence audit regulation during the policy formation period of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). The dissertation is comprised of three separate, but related studies. Each study uses prior research in accounting and related disciplines to investigate significant aspects the profession's strategies. The first study evaluates the rationality and effectiveness of political action committee (PAC) contributions paid by the accounting profession to members of Congress. The study finds that the accounting profession rationally allocated more PAC contributions to top congressional leaders and to members of committees having jurisdiction over SOX. The study also finds that the accounting profession allocated more PAC contributions to legislators with a history of pro-business roll call voting behavior and to candidates in close electoral races. This evidence suggests that the profession is motivated to contribute cash to legislators in order to gain access to lobby and to influence the ideological composition of the legislature. A voting model also finds a positive relationship in two instances between PAC contributions and roll call voting favorable to the economic interests of the profession in the House of Representatives. The second study evaluates the effect of these PAC contributions on Committee members' frequency and mode of speech during public hearings related to SOX. Using computerized computational linguistics, the study finds a significant positive association between PAC contributions and speech performance. The study also finds differential uses of modals and certain verbs between legislators depending upon party affiliation. The third paper explores the rhetoric of the accounting profession's public interest ideal and the profession's motivation to invoke public interest arguments in various contexts. I approach my analysis from three different perspectives. The first perspective analyzes the public interest language of the profession as well-intentioned rhetoric. The second approach eschews any well-intentioned motivations on behalf of the profession and casts public interest arguments as propaganda cloaking self-interested action. The third approach deconstructs the public interest ideal as myth, embodying a constellation of elements including cultural values, political doctrine and contingent interests. ; 2005-05-01 ; Ph.D. ; Business Administration, School of Accounting ; Doctorate ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

Introduction. In the current political process in Russia, national projects occupy an important place, working as one of the main tools for the achievement of national goals. The projects are usually made more specific at the regional level of administration and include the strategic goal of regional development, the amount of resources allocated for their achievement, as well as the responsibility of the officials for their use. The article examines the impact of implementing national projects of the "first wave" (from 2006–2010 to 2018) and the first results of the projects of the "second wave" (designed for 2019–2024) on solving the problems of effectiveness growth of public administration of the balanced development of old industrial regions of Southern Russia – Volgograd and Rostov regions. The problems of this study are justified by the expansion of using program-targeted methods in the organizational environment of regional management, what implies the need to assess the compliance of the results achieved during the implementation of projects with the goals of state regional policy.

Methodology and methods. The research methodology is based on the provisions of the concept of sustainable development, as well as the system paradigm of G.B. Kleiner devoted to the need for the interconnected development of the object, environment and control subsystems. In the study of the effectiveness of national projects and their impact on the balanced development of old industrial regions of the South of Russia, the effective approach and the comparative analysis method were used.

Analysis. The study shows that the degree of involvement of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in implementing program activities of national projects is determined by the volumes of regional budgets, as well as the priorities facing a region. From the standpoint of sustainability and balance of regional development, there is a disagreement in the processes of modernization changes in the subsystems of the object, environment and management, what leads to the underutilization of the resource potential of the regions in the achievement of national goals.

Results. The priorities of goal setting in Volgograd and Rostov regions in the implementation of national projects are studied. The feedbacks of the regional system to the measures mentioned in national projects, as well as limiting factors for the achievement of their objectives are identified. The idea of the coordinated development of the object, environment and management subsystems of a region for the effectiveness growth of public administration of the balanced regional development is substantiated. It is concluded that the administration and management of modern national projects is not so much a managerial task but rather a political one, and therefore their implementation implies the solution of such political goals as carefulness in setting goals and choosing priorities, building effective mechanisms of the interaction between federal and regional authorities, and also with local target population.

Abstract
Emissions trading with output-based allocation (OBA) of emissions allowances is gaining popularity as a mean to address sectoral distribution issues related to the use of market-based instruments in pollution control. Using a dynamic general equilibrium framework, this paper assesses the potential trade-off between efficiency and uneven sectoral distributional effects. It compares OBA and other alternative emissions trading systems, with special attention to the heterogeneity among energy-intensive industries. Because abatement is achieved at a higher marginal cost with OBA, it is less efficient than emissions trading systems in which permit revenues are used to reduce payroll taxes. Nonetheless, the implicit output subsidy in OBA improves the sectoral distributional outcome of the abatement policy to the benefit of energy-intensive industries as a whole. The simulation results also suggest that energy-intensive industries that do not produce energy are the main beneficiaries of OBA. In the new carbon-constrained environment, energy intensive industries that produce energy could not benefit from OBA.

Abstract
The standard model of markets for illicit drugs predicts that tougher enforcement against sellers will raise prices; yet cocaine and heroin prices have fallen substantially during a period of massive increases in enforcement. We present a model in which the basic mechanisms at work in the textbook model may be substantially altered by an important feature of illegal markets—violence that creates inheritable heterogeneity along a dimension that both determines relevant production cost and imposes externalities on other suppliers. Dealers frequently make use of violence and threat of violence in the normal course of trade. A seller who is particularly effective in the use of violence may face lower enforcement costs than other dealers and generate an external cost borne by those sellers. Together these features generate a number of counter-intuitive policy implications. For example the arrest of a particularly violent dealer reduces external costs borne by other dealers. The net effect is a possible reduction in costs for the marginal dealer and hence a reduction in price.

East Asia is the area of interests' clash between states like Russia, China, Japan and the USA. Judging by power levels China and the USA are the strongest poles of the international relations system, although weaker Russia and Japan are not willing to concede. Therefore, Russia faces the challenge of forming and implementing foreign policy, effectiveness of which will decide Russia's position regionally and globally. In this context, the problem of Russia's foreign policy towards the great East Asian states arises. The global importance of China, Japan, the USA and Russia itself makes bilateral actions at regional level globally important. Seeking to take part in the creation of a new multipolar system, Russia is forced to act in current regional power balance conditions. Therefore, Russia can enforce its positions as a new power pole or become weak and dependent player in comparison to great East Asian states. The aim of this study is to assess the influence that the Russian foreign policy towards the great East Asian states has in the context of increasing Russia's power. The relations between Russia, China, Japan and the USA in relation to East Asia region are explained by applying descriptive–analytic, comparison and document analysis methods. The study presents the description of international relations in the light of neoclassical realism, analyses the main geopolitical and social-economic factors that decide the importance of Russian foreign policy towards the great East Asian states and describes the effect that Russia's actions have on its power positions. It is determined in the conclusion of this research that state's foreign policy is perceived as a result of interaction between systemic and national factors. Having in mind Russia's geopolitical conditions this concept translates into a confrontation between an understanding of a bridge and a buffer zone. Russia is an important international actor as a bridge between Europe and Asia at the same time separating Europe from East Asia's great states', global influence of which is constantly growing. Therefore, Russia's foreign policy towards the great East Asian states is to exploit the USA's power loss in favour to China for personal gains of enforcing its own status as a power pole. The effect of actions taken to achieve this goal is ambivalent. Russia's actions towards China, Japan and the USA are logical and well backed up in the context of power balance being a result between the aforementioned states, although judging from the long term perspective the argumentation of these actions are questioned in the light of general Russian power increase.

East Asia is the area of interests' clash between states like Russia, China, Japan and the USA. Judging by power levels China and the USA are the strongest poles of the international relations system, although weaker Russia and Japan are not willing to concede. Therefore, Russia faces the challenge of forming and implementing foreign policy, effectiveness of which will decide Russia's position regionally and globally. In this context, the problem of Russia's foreign policy towards the great East Asian states arises. The global importance of China, Japan, the USA and Russia itself makes bilateral actions at regional level globally important. Seeking to take part in the creation of a new multipolar system, Russia is forced to act in current regional power balance conditions. Therefore, Russia can enforce its positions as a new power pole or become weak and dependent player in comparison to great East Asian states. The aim of this study is to assess the influence that the Russian foreign policy towards the great East Asian states has in the context of increasing Russia's power. The relations between Russia, China, Japan and the USA in relation to East Asia region are explained by applying descriptive–analytic, comparison and document analysis methods. The study presents the description of international relations in the light of neoclassical realism, analyses the main geopolitical and social-economic factors that decide the importance of Russian foreign policy towards the great East Asian states and describes the effect that Russia's actions have on its power positions. It is determined in the conclusion of this research that state's foreign policy is perceived as a result of interaction between systemic and national factors. Having in mind Russia's geopolitical conditions this concept translates into a confrontation between an understanding of a bridge and a buffer zone. Russia is an important international actor as a bridge between Europe and Asia at the same time separating Europe from East Asia's great states', global influence of which is constantly growing. Therefore, Russia's foreign policy towards the great East Asian states is to exploit the USA's power loss in favour to China for personal gains of enforcing its own status as a power pole. The effect of actions taken to achieve this goal is ambivalent. Russia's actions towards China, Japan and the USA are logical and well backed up in the context of power balance being a result between the aforementioned states, although judging from the long term perspective the argumentation of these actions are questioned in the light of general Russian power increase.