Suchergebnisse

There is no law making without law writing. Creating an act of law means organizing (coding) a rule into a strictly designed form. That form and the knowledge of coding allows a reader to extract rules from statues. The knowledge necessary for law writing includes but is not limited to the following elements of acts of law: statues, directives, editing, text structure, rules for amending and unifying etc. Development of legislative techniques and quality control in law writing are necessary to provide high quality law that citizens can trust.

Die Bürger von Treptow an der Rega betrieben seit dem Mittelalter Seehandel. Die beiden Ostseehäfen der Stadt fanden in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur jedoch bisher kaum Beachtung, zumal nur wenige Quellen erhalten sind. Diese Lücke kann mit der vorliegenden Edition jetzt zum Teil geschlossen werden. Das Hafenbuch aus dem 16. Jahrhundert umfasst ein Einnahmenbuch, in dem vor allem Rentenkreditgeschäfte sowie Pachtzahlungen, aber auch Einnahmen aus verschiedenen Zöllen und Vermächtnissen verzeichnet wurden, und ein Ausgabenbuch, das die Bauarbeiten im neuen Hafen und eine Aufstellung der dabei anfallenden Kosten dokumentiert. Es stellt darüber hinaus eine umfangreiche Quelle zur Personen-, Verwaltungs- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte dar und bietet Einblicke in die Reformationsgeschichte Pommerns.

This volume of the edition presents exceptional documents from the early period of European constitutionalism with the constitution of May 3rd, 1971 from the closing phase of the Polish Aristocratic Republic, and the Grodno constitution of 1793. It incorporates the constitutional texts of the Napoleonic epoch, such as those concerning the duchy of Warsaw of 1807 and of the period in which Poland ceased to exist as a sovereign state (the so-called Constitution of 1815, the 1825 amendment, and the "organic statute" of 1832). Among the most interesting and hitherto almost unknown constitutional p

The purpose of the article is to analyze the powers of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus, which were enshrined in the new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus. In preparing the article, systemic, structural-logical and comparative legal methods were used. As a result, a detailed assessment of the new powers of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus is given, taking into account the existing practice and experience of the constitutional justice bodies of foreign countries, including the Republic of Poland. The author makes a number of proposals for improving the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

This article discusses the results of four editions of an opinion poll conducted among Poles that dealt with the reception of war migrants from Ukraine and referred to involvement in helping them. It was conducted on a survey panel on: 24.02.2022 (N = 1000), 4.03.2022 (N = 1653), 24.05.2022 (N = 1783), and 21.10.2022 (N = 1774). It showed, among other things, that the level of acceptance of Poles for reception people fleeing the war was high, as it oscillated between 70% and even 80%. Poles' willingness to help Ukrainians has also been changing since the beginning of the war, as well as the perception of forced migrants in the labour market and in society. Poles showed a high degree of openness, as confirmed by research. They supported, financially, in kind, or through their own involvement, those who sought refuge due to the war. However, the survey also showed Poles' concerns about the presence of forced migrants.

Tadeusz Konwicki produced his prose in an incessant dialogue with censorship. He wanted to imply an independent vision of guerillas' struggles in Vilnius forests, Stalinism and grey, depressing reality of the Polish People's Republic. Konwicki's language is rich in traps set for the workers of Main Office for the Control of Press, Publication and Spectacles. A precise narration, in which every detail was meaningful, frequent and purposeful blurring of the cause-result sequence and intentional resort to silence compose a subtle and brilliant poetics of "Dziura w niebie," "Sennik współczesny," "Wniebowstąpienie." The issuing of the last put Konwicki on the censorship list in 1967. Thus "Zwierzoczełekoupiór" (1969) - a novel seemingly for children was treated by censorship with suspicion. When published uncensored in samizdat, the novel might display a tough, unsubtle narration, coming close to kitsch. The official edition of "Nowy Świat i okolice" (1986) is interesting as it contains a playful dialogue with a censor - a discussion on the borders of an author's freedom. ; Piotr Perkowski

Citizen participation is becoming an important element of self-government practice in Poland. One of the tools supporting the process of involving residents in local government matters is participatory budgeting. Its fundamental importance is to provide residents of local government units with the possibility of deciding on the allocation of some budget expenses, in particular those relating to infrastructure investments. Participatory budgeting is one of the most effective citizen practices aimed at involving residents in managing their cities. However, it can be a tool or a single project and a part of a thorough, long-term, and comprehensive reform of urban policy, based on the city's administrative reform. Citizen engagement is also seen as an instrument of state effectiveness. When citizens can meet their needs and hold public institutions accountable, public money is likely to be used more efficiently to deliver public goods and services that are better suited to citizens' needs. Recognition of the potential of citizen involvement in public affairs is widespread. The aim of the article is to present the concept and genesis of citizen participation as well as to analyze and compare the completed editions of the Zielona Góra Participatory Budgeting in 20132020. A particular attention was paid to the types of winning tasks and the principles of budget implementation.

Instruments for contracting territorial development have been employed in Poland for over two decades. The first Polish experience in this area dates back to 1995, when, as a pilot project, the Regional Contract for Katowickie Voivodeship was concluded. Contracts concluded in subsequent years were addressed to all 16 Polish regions. However, the Polish experience related to contracting development to date allows us to conclude that the implementation of this approach was moderately successful. Responsible for this state of affairs are errors and inconsistencies committed both at the programming stage and at the implementation stage of subsequent versions of a contract. It should be emphasized, however, that these failures and the reasons behind them did not escape the notice of the institutions responsible for regional policy in Poland, therefore the conclusions drawn from them were used to improve subsequent versions of the contract. The last attempt took place in 2020. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present new development contracting instruments described in revised in 2020 the Act of 6 December 2006 on the principles of development policy, namely: programme contract, sectoral contract and territorial agreement. Their introduction is another step leading to the strengthening of the territorial dimension of Polish regional policy. Analysis of the three new instruments was preceded by the presentation of Poland's experience to date in contracting development. Thanks to this, it was possible to illustrate how Polish regional policy improved its approach in this respect, trying to eliminate the weaknesses identified during the implementation of their previous versions in subsequent editions of contracts. ; Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie nowych instrumentów kontraktowania rozwoju opisanych w ustawie z dnia 6 grudnia 2006 r. o zasadach prowadzenia polityki rozwoju mianowicie: kontraktu programowego, kontraktu sektorowego oraz porozumienia terytorialnego. Ich wprowadzenie w 2020 r. do ...