Suchergebnisse

The Mediterranean region has not been very interesting for a long time not only for Lithuania, but also for others Middle and East Europe countries. In the era of globalization, while EU is constantly building new connections with international organizations (UN, NATO, EC, WTO) and local neighboring regions, the role of strategic Mediterranean has recently became a very important topic. At a conference in Barcelona on November 27 – 28, 1995 a new revival between the Mediterranean and the EU was attempted. However, the desired results were not reached. As a result of this failure in 2004 a new European neighborhood policy was started. This step was very important since it opened a new stage of regional collaborations. All Mediterranean countries have always tried and are still trying to get into EKP and to use integration advantages. At the same time, the EU started to apply not only traditional political diplomacy and international marketing actions, but also began to build new initiatives. One of those new initiatives -- "Collaboration in education and higher education" -- is the subject of the analysis of this masters degree. The main point of this work is to reveal the collaboration between the EU and the Mediterranean region, as well as to analyze the influence of the EU on the Mediterranean region's education and explore the efficiency of the programs and projects related to higher education. For this research we used literature analysis, halfway structure interviews, and comparison methods. First we study the process of collaboration between the EU and the Mediterranean region and we discuss the importance of the Barcelona conference and its influence for multi-regional communication and the EU neighborhood policy. Second, we analyze the EU policy of education and its development in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the research of two high-schools programs related to the UN Erasmus Mundus and Tempus programs. We also discuss the new initiatives of education in the Mediterranean region. By performing this research we find that an uplifted hypothesis is not fully predictable: while strong collaboration groundshave been built in the area of education and programs, and the projects strongly affect the growing up quality of higher education in the Mediterranean region, the spheres of education and higher education always collide with various difficulties. The solution is not simple not only for the third world Mediterranean countries, but also for the EU. By assessing the EU and the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation in education, we find that a sustainable framework for cooperation in education has been created. The development and further evolution depends on the activity of the parties, their objectives and speed of implementation of new initiatives such as the Euro-Mediterranean University in the establishment and success.

Development of modern democracy and civic consciousness in the society of spectacle and mass manipulation are the main object of the article. Democratic self government depends both on individual, responsible solutions of citizens and on social, cultural or political propaganda. Propaganda is interpreted as a special, focused persuasion for motivation, consolidation, education purposes. Differences and similarities between social engineering, social propaganda, social marketing and social advertisement are discussed in the paper. Social marketing is interpreted as the response to social needs and the main demands of local people. On the contrary, social propaganda is more didactic, perspective and tries to motivate people for productive activities. Social marketing is more effective in a short period and social propaganda is more useful in a long perspective. Differences between reportage, daily media and propaganda are discussed in the article. Social propaganda needs participatory media. Various forms of participatory media (embedded, engaged and embodied) are analyzed. The topic of social engineering is analyzed on the basis of K. Popper's considerations. Popper differentiates between utopian or totalitarian engineering and "piecemeal social engineering". Popper's conception of utopian engineering is partly criticized. Every big social project is not only a form of elimination of mistakes; it also has utopian features and dream perspectives. The truth of democratic development couldn't be evaluated only by Popper's principle of fallibilism. More important are the alternative, competitive forms of social propaganda and open public discussions. [.]

Development of modern democracy and civic consciousness in the society of spectacle and mass manipulation are the main object of the article. Democratic self government depends both on individual, responsible solutions of citizens and on social, cultural or political propaganda. Propaganda is interpreted as a special, focused persuasion for motivation, consolidation, education purposes. Differences and similarities between social engineering, social propaganda, social marketing and social advertisement are discussed in the paper. Social marketing is interpreted as the response to social needs and the main demands of local people. On the contrary, social propaganda is more didactic, perspective and tries to motivate people for productive activities. Social marketing is more effective in a short period and social propaganda is more useful in a long perspective. Differences between reportage, daily media and propaganda are discussed in the article. Social propaganda needs participatory media. Various forms of participatory media (embedded, engaged and embodied) are analyzed. The topic of social engineering is analyzed on the basis of K. Popper's considerations. Popper differentiates between utopian or totalitarian engineering and "piecemeal social engineering". Popper's conception of utopian engineering is partly criticized. Every big social project is not only a form of elimination of mistakes; it also has utopian features and dream perspectives. The truth of democratic development couldn't be evaluated only by Popper's principle of fallibilism. More important are the alternative, competitive forms of social propaganda and open public discussions. [.]

The majority of new state programmes and strategies focus on major goals – a prosperous, democratic state. The guarantee of every democratic, strong and public-spirited state are active, competent, right-and-duty aware citizens. Thus, the organisation of primary education with an integrated legal education is very important. The goal of the thesis: to reveal the possibilities of ICT application while implementing legal education in primary classroom. Objectives: 1. To analyse the situation of legal education in primary education. 2. To discuss the peculiarities of ICT application in primary education. 3. To research the experience of primary teachers in legal education and applying ICT. Methods: the analysis and generalisation of scientific and methodological literature on the master's topic. Semi-structured interview. The analysis and generalisation of the data using a qualitative content analysis method. Main conclusions: ICT is very important in primary education. A primary teacher should mainly focus on the opportunities that ICT provides. Educational software enables the application of various methods, lead to the individualisation and differentiation of the teaching process and allows the important and complicated material to be presented in an easier and more attractive way. The analysis of the interview of the primary teachers revealed that the teachers are in favour of legal education at school. However, the curriculum does not contain law as a separate subject. As the teachers noted, legal education in primary classroom is implemented by integrating it with other subjects: moral education, languages, science, physical education. It is also combined with extra-curricular activities such as self-government, different clubs, class meetings. After the analysis of legal literature accessibility in primary classroom, it is clear that the textbooks do not contain enough legal material, thus, teachers have to find additional material themselves and adapt it to children's age, goals and objectives of the lesson.

The majority of new state programmes and strategies focus on major goals – a prosperous, democratic state. The guarantee of every democratic, strong and public-spirited state are active, competent, right-and-duty aware citizens. Thus, the organisation of primary education with an integrated legal education is very important. The goal of the thesis: to reveal the possibilities of ICT application while implementing legal education in primary classroom. Objectives: 1. To analyse the situation of legal education in primary education. 2. To discuss the peculiarities of ICT application in primary education. 3. To research the experience of primary teachers in legal education and applying ICT. Methods: the analysis and generalisation of scientific and methodological literature on the master's topic. Semi-structured interview. The analysis and generalisation of the data using a qualitative content analysis method. Main conclusions: ICT is very important in primary education. A primary teacher should mainly focus on the opportunities that ICT provides. Educational software enables the application of various methods, lead to the individualisation and differentiation of the teaching process and allows the important and complicated material to be presented in an easier and more attractive way. The analysis of the interview of the primary teachers revealed that the teachers are in favour of legal education at school. However, the curriculum does not contain law as a separate subject. As the teachers noted, legal education in primary classroom is implemented by integrating it with other subjects: moral education, languages, science, physical education. It is also combined with extra-curricular activities such as self-government, different clubs, class meetings. After the analysis of legal literature accessibility in primary classroom, it is clear that the textbooks do not contain enough legal material, thus, teachers have to find additional material themselves and adapt it to children's age, goals and objectives of the lesson.

The article seeks to develop the concept of social competence in higher education based not only on theoretical background but also on the reflections of social competence in European Union (EU) and national (in this case – Lithuanian) regulations of higher education. Theoretical analysis revealed that social competence as a concept has many definitions. As a result it was recognized that the set of skills defining social competence differs depending on the context where they are exploredand the particular components of the social competence in education are revealed. They served as the base to identify how social competence reveals itself in higher education. In order to carry out this task the empirical research – relevant document analysis was performed.

The article seeks to develop the concept of social competence in higher education based not only on theoretical background but also on the reflections of social competence in European Union (EU) and national (in this case – Lithuanian) regulations of higher education. Theoretical analysis revealed that social competence as a concept has many definitions. As a result it was recognized that the set of skills defining social competence differs depending on the context where they are exploredand the particular components of the social competence in education are revealed. They served as the base to identify how social competence reveals itself in higher education. In order to carry out this task the empirical research – relevant document analysis was performed.

The article seeks to develop the concept of social competence in higher education based not only on theoretical background but also on the reflections of social competence in European Union (EU) and national (in this case – Lithuanian) regulations of higher education. Theoretical analysis revealed that social competence as a concept has many definitions. As a result it was recognized that the set of skills defining social competence differs depending on the context where they are exploredand the particular components of the social competence in education are revealed. They served as the base to identify how social competence reveals itself in higher education. In order to carry out this task the empirical research – relevant document analysis was performed.

The European Union considers lifelong learning one of the means that helps achieve social cohesion and competitiveness in modern society and the world economy. The European Union has tried to achieve the goal of12,5 % of people aged 25-64 to pursue a secondary educaiton; however, this indicator has not been reached. Comparing with other European countries, the level of lifelong learning among Lithuanians at the age of 20-64 is low, although starting from the year 2003 it was growing and in 2011 it reached 5,9 %. The aim of adults to a get secondary education is stimulated not only by growing requirements of labour market but also by social and psychological factors. A successful return on the education system and a completed secondary education can open doors to further aims – to formal and informal education and the development of a person's self-confidence. The indicators of the acquisition of secondary education show that the number of youth at the age of 18-24 who received a secondary education is increasing in Lithuania; however, the indicator for further learning after receiving a secondary education is decreasing. [.]

The European Union considers lifelong learning one of the means that helps achieve social cohesion and competitiveness in modern society and the world economy. The European Union has tried to achieve the goal of12,5 % of people aged 25-64 to pursue a secondary educaiton; however, this indicator has not been reached. Comparing with other European countries, the level of lifelong learning among Lithuanians at the age of 20-64 is low, although starting from the year 2003 it was growing and in 2011 it reached 5,9 %. The aim of adults to a get secondary education is stimulated not only by growing requirements of labour market but also by social and psychological factors. A successful return on the education system and a completed secondary education can open doors to further aims – to formal and informal education and the development of a person's self-confidence. The indicators of the acquisition of secondary education show that the number of youth at the age of 18-24 who received a secondary education is increasing in Lithuania; however, the indicator for further learning after receiving a secondary education is decreasing. [.]

Master thesis analyses teacher's educational aspects in Vilnius city and Širvintos district. The aim of the paper is to analyze and compare educational aspects in Vilnius city and Širvintos district. Object of the research – teachers' education. Work methods - theoretical: analysis of education regulative documents and scientific literature review; diagnostic: questionnaire survey. Paper analyzes theoretical aspects of teachers' education: content of qualifying category is given, comparing of new and old teachers certification system is discusses, competency and its meaning for teacher's education is also presented. Legislative of teachers' education is presented as well as institutional structure and its implication on the educational process. New Communication from the commission to the council and the European parliament "Improving the quality of teacher education" brought on 2007-08-03 is pointed out. Also teachers' educational systems in ES are presented. Practical research pointed out that education is being handled as being very important part of profession by teachers; main information about education is released from school administration or colleagues; bigger part of teachers pointed out that self-education is not being used very often; teachers feels lack of possibilities to raise their qualification in foreign countries; among all of the respondents negative approach onto refresher courses preponderated.

Master thesis analyses teacher's educational aspects in Vilnius city and Širvintos district. The aim of the paper is to analyze and compare educational aspects in Vilnius city and Širvintos district. Object of the research – teachers' education. Work methods - theoretical: analysis of education regulative documents and scientific literature review; diagnostic: questionnaire survey. Paper analyzes theoretical aspects of teachers' education: content of qualifying category is given, comparing of new and old teachers certification system is discusses, competency and its meaning for teacher's education is also presented. Legislative of teachers' education is presented as well as institutional structure and its implication on the educational process. New Communication from the commission to the council and the European parliament "Improving the quality of teacher education" brought on 2007-08-03 is pointed out. Also teachers' educational systems in ES are presented. Practical research pointed out that education is being handled as being very important part of profession by teachers; main information about education is released from school administration or colleagues; bigger part of teachers pointed out that self-education is not being used very often; teachers feels lack of possibilities to raise their qualification in foreign countries; among all of the respondents negative approach onto refresher courses preponderated.

Clinical legal education originated in United States of America as a balance for Langdell and Socratic methods. Though first steps were taken in the begging of the 20th century, it took nearly 50 years to gain its recognition. The main reason was the uncertain content of this education method. However, emerging in various parts of USA in different ways, it has reached a quality in content and in outcome. Clinical legal education consists of number of factors, therefore it is essential to modify clinics taking in account all of them. The factors include: the content of education, the structure of clinic, the personnel, the financial aid and attitude in society (both law school and outside), traditions and others. It should be stated that actualization of these factors is a guarantee to qualified integration of clinical legal education to legal studies programs. During the Third wave of clinical education, the method spread to the other countries and created a worldwide family of legal clinics. Regrettably, not every country managed to adopt clinical education to their legal education systems. Firstly, because educators were inflexible with the systems, they tried to implement their way of education. Secondly, number of circumstances: political, cultural, social, ethnical – were too influential to confront. Though in Lithuania clinical legal education method was adopted only in 1998, it was successfully integrated with support from Open Society Institute and clinicians from the USA. It surely needs further adjustments, but at the moment it is a satisfactory example. Seeking the quality of gained education as well as insurance of free legal aid, clinical legal education should seek for a closer cooperation with law schools and develop clinical traditions.

Clinical legal education originated in United States of America as a balance for Langdell and Socratic methods. Though first steps were taken in the begging of the 20th century, it took nearly 50 years to gain its recognition. The main reason was the uncertain content of this education method. However, emerging in various parts of USA in different ways, it has reached a quality in content and in outcome. Clinical legal education consists of number of factors, therefore it is essential to modify clinics taking in account all of them. The factors include: the content of education, the structure of clinic, the personnel, the financial aid and attitude in society (both law school and outside), traditions and others. It should be stated that actualization of these factors is a guarantee to qualified integration of clinical legal education to legal studies programs. During the Third wave of clinical education, the method spread to the other countries and created a worldwide family of legal clinics. Regrettably, not every country managed to adopt clinical education to their legal education systems. Firstly, because educators were inflexible with the systems, they tried to implement their way of education. Secondly, number of circumstances: political, cultural, social, ethnical – were too influential to confront. Though in Lithuania clinical legal education method was adopted only in 1998, it was successfully integrated with support from Open Society Institute and clinicians from the USA. It surely needs further adjustments, but at the moment it is a satisfactory example. Seeking the quality of gained education as well as insurance of free legal aid, clinical legal education should seek for a closer cooperation with law schools and develop clinical traditions.

Maritime education and training (MET) in Lithuania has deep historical roots. The place, name and jurisdiction of Lithuanian MET institutions have been changed several times. The first seamen examination institution in Klaipėda was founded in 1811. Nowadays there are two higher MET institutions, having basic programs leading to deck and engineering officer watchkeeping certificate: Lithuanian Maritime College and Klaipėda University Maritime Institute. These two high schools are among 96 EU MET institutions. There are 165 MET institutions in EU (25 countries), Norway and Iceland, 69 of them provide education and training for rating and other maritime specialists, offer short courses, researches and other services for maritime industry. MET institutions have different institutional structures and administration. They can be organized as universities, academies, colleges, vocational, technical schools, and higher polytechnics, state-owned and private. 25% are maritime academies (universities), 23% are faculties or departments in polytechnics, and colleges are 46% of all EU MET institutions leading to certificate of competence. The academic degree (bachelor, master) together with the maritime certificate is provided in some of EU countries. MET in Lithuania (also in the other EU countries) is provided in accordance to legal acts of three levels: international (world wide) legal acts, international (Europe Union) legal acts and national legal acts, which set norms for academic. [to full text]