In: Adult learning and education in international contexts. Future challenges for its professionalization. Comparative perspectives from the 2016 Würzburg Winter School., S. 91-101
[The author tried] to review how the debate of the significance of community for political thinking and citizenship education has emerged out, of the liberalism versus communitarian debate and the revival of a civic republican conception of politics. This raises the issue of how do we develop through community involvement, especially on the local level, a more deliberative and democratic politics which can also provide a more political framework for citizenship education. Thus community involvement in the new citizenship curriculum based on the pedagogy of service learning must address the question of how the learning experience can be best structured to challenge students to become learning experience can be best structured to challenge students to become 'political' and aware of the political significance of civic engagement in local communities. (DIPF/orig.).
Einleitend präsentieren die Verfasser die Entwicklungen der Rechtsgrundlagen zunehmender Europäisierung auf dem Gebiet der Bildungspolitik. Die Harmonisierung der nationalen Politiken wird als dominante Tendenz des Bildungswesens der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten gekennzeichnet. Sie geht mit einer Zentralisierung der Kompetenzen auf der Ebene von Europäischen Institutionen einher. In diesem Kontext wird die Dynamik der Kombinationen von Instrumenten, Zielsetzungen und Akteurskonstellationen der europäischen Bildungspolitik untersucht. Es wird hervorgehoben, dass die Intensivierung der Zusammenarbeit auf diesem Politikfeld eng mit der Förderung der wissensbasierten ökonomischen Entwicklung verbunden ist. Am Beispiel Deutschlands, wo das Bildungswesen zum Kompetenzbereich der Landespolitik gehört, wird die Entscheidungsfindung als eine Mehrebenenpolitik dargestellt. Abschließend werden die Entwicklungsperspektiven europäischer Bildungspolitik zur Diskussion gestellt. (ICF).
Chronicles the history of public education in Germany from the foundation of the first universities in the 14th century to the present, highlighting issues of (1) state & church power, (2) hierarchical organization, (3) goals & curricula, (4) social function, & (5) pedagogies & politics. It is shown how the schools served to preserve social segmentation based on the principle of "occupational estates" (Berufsstande), through which, following elementary education at the Volksschules, the lower classes were steered into vocational training while the middle & upper classes enjoyed an education at gymnasiums (secondary schools) that allowed them entrance into bourgeoisie society or membership in the aristocracy as educated elite. Changes in educational policy under National Socialism & during the post-WWII period are outlined, tracing the development of more equal educational opportunities for all children. A call is made for continued educational reform to more closely link general & vocational education so as to improve coordination between education & employment. K. Hyatt Stewart
The author first provides a concise historical overview of New Zealand education, before examining what he calls the "big bang" in education in the 1980s. Subsequently, the author focuses on the impact of IOs on education policy, politics, and polity in New Zealand. Emphasis is placed on how IO governance has guided and facilitated the "phase of stabilization and optimization" since the drastic reform of the 1980s. Particular attention is dedicated to how New Zealand has managed tensions between various guiding principles on education, for example, human capital vs. human right, and the potential impact of IOs. The conclusion offers a summarizing analysis of the findings through the prism of state transformation capacity and international stimuli for policy change. (DIPF/Orig.).
This report describes teacher education in the Netherlands. It contains a study of publications, documents, regulations, websites, including data from expert Interviews. Firstly, an overview of the school system and the teacher education system in the Netherlands is presented. Secondly, the report focuses on a number of central topics relevant for the internationalization of teacher education: educational science, (foreign) languages, intercultural learning, new media, economy, and entrepreneurship and mobility. Finally, some conclusions will be formulated. (DIPF/Orig.).
Nationale Bildungssysteme sind höchst unterschiedlich konstruiert. Die Verfasser stellen zunächst die Schulsysteme dreier EU-Staaten vor ( Deutschland, Dänemark, Luxemburg), wobei sowohl allgemein- als auch berufsbildendes Schulwesen berücksichtigt werden. Sie geben dann einen Überblick über vorliegende Instrumente, die in der vergleichenden Bildungsforschung zur Bestimmung des höchsten erreichten Bildungsniveaus angewandt werden (Anzahl der Schuljahre, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), CASMIN Educational Classification, Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Educational Classification) und zeigen, welche Fehlermöglichkeiten sich bei der Verwendung dieser Instrumente eröffnen. Als Alternative wird eine Matrix mit zehn Kategorien entwickelt, die Bildungsabschlüsse des allgemein- und des berufsbildenden Schulwesens umfasst und den internationalen Vergleich des "höchsten erreichten Bildungsabschlusses" erlaubt: die Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner-Matrix of Education. (ICE)
In: The transformation of higher learning 1860-1930 : expansion, diversification, social opening and professionalization in England, Germany, Russia and the United States, S. 37-56
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw a phenomenal and unprecedented growth in the provision of higher education in England. At the commencement of the period, in mid-century, there were but four small university institutions and a number of provincial Colleges of varying prestige and clientele. For the vast bulk of the population education beyond elementary school had to be sought through Mechanic's Institutes or Adult Schools. Within eighty years this Situation had been completely transformed through a process of growth and systematization. By 1930 the different elements in what could be discerned as a system stood in a clear relationship one to another, and identified themselves with particular social groups. Similarities with higher education in other major industrial societies were now more manifest: admission qualifications and ages were, by 1930, largely standardized; specialist faculties, each linking with professional occupations, had been established, and, more importantly, a definite hierarchy of educational institutions was discernible. How did this process occur in England between 1860 and 1930?
In view of the different national education systems of modern Europe comparable features of diversity can be observed, as well as a wide range of similarities, e.g. compulsory school attendance, the horizontally structured school system or core subjects. "In the current period education systems are affected by growing influence of global changes, concerning both their internal processes and their positions in the perceptions by the society." The author points out that since this trend is marked by strong dynamism, exact predictions on times to come are very difficult; thus his "predictions at the beginning of the 21st century" are made "on the provison that they need to be revised even in the near future." The author's considerations are focused on the following criteria which mirror trends to be observed in all European education systems: Educational sovereignty; opening of schools; curriculum development; intercultural socialisation and education; teaching profession and teacher education. In an exemplary excursion into the comparative domain Europe as educational space in its own right is compared to the United States, Australia and Canada. The author concludes with remarks on the global dimension of European education. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).