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In this article the author argues the thesis on the necessity of scientific cooperation, interaction and holistic approach for appropriate explanation of the contemporary crisis. It is of great importance to define conceptual frameworks of the crisis, together with main spots in the analysis of the crisis amalgam. The key thesis is the necessity of transformation in the structure of political-economic and social organisation of contemporary states/societies. It includes transformation of completeness of interactions between structures and actions which constitute societal community through reformistic confidence in public policy. With the help of Parsons and Luhmann, the author indicates the structure of contemporary imbalance which he perceives as spillovers of the economic in all other societal subsystems. He displays the thesis of de-democratization of democracy. Finally, he demonstrates the structural character and the means of functioning of the contemporary crisis on the example of Higher education. Adapted from the source document.

It is well known that all educational policies promote inclusion as the major idea in a contemporary system of education. Inclusive education allows children with and without disabilities to attend the same age-appropriate classes at their local school, with additional, individually tailored support if needed. However, large equity gaps in education access and outcomes still exist between groups of children, because some marginalized groups of children experience shockingly low rates of access and learning. Children with disabilities are still faced with a lot of challenges in realizing their right to education and they are one of the most marginalized and excluded groups in education. The Croatian laws clearly indicate that disabled children have the right to an inclusive education and that schools have to provide conditions which lead to successful education of all children. A question arises, however, regarding the level at which the Law is implemented in educational practice, due to the fact that it is unknown whether the conditions for its proper implementation exist in Croatian schools. Some results of the research which was conducted in the frame of the project "Evidence-based early educational interventions" are presented in this paper. The main goals of the research are (1) to determine areas in which students with disabilities need additional support and (2) to analyse differences in the perceived inclusive dimension of the quality of educational processes, from the perspective of teachers as well as from the perspective of students, in five mainstream Croatian primary schools. The research was conducted on a sample of 97 students with disabilities and 97 of their peers without disabilities. Students and their teachers filled in two Questionnaires about students' behaviours that were developed for the purpose of the Project (the Questionnaire for students and the Questionnaire for teachers). The results suggested that students with disabilities have a need for additional support in the educational process, as well as support in developing appropriate relationships with peers. However, they do not reach the expected level of socialization and academic success, which indicates that the policy of inclusion is still not well implemented into educational practice. Different reasons for such results and suggestions for overcoming this situation are discussed. ; Dobro je poznato da sve obrazovne politike promoviraju inkluziju kao glavnu ideju svakog suvremenog obrazovnog sustava. Inkluzivno obrazovanje omogućuje djeci s teškoćama i bez njih da zajedno uče u istim razredima, u skladu sa svojom dobi, uz dodatnu, individualno prilagođenu podršku djeci koja je trebaju. Međutim, u obrazovanju još uvijek postoje velike nejednakosti u pristupačnosti obrazovanja i ishodima učenja nekih skupina djece, budući da postoje marginalizirane skupine koja doživljavaju izuzetno nisku razinu pristupačnosti obrazovanja i kvalitete učenja. Djeca s teškoćama još su uvijek suočena s mnogim izazovima u ostvarivanju svog prava na obrazovanje i ona u tom smislu predstavljaju jednu od najmarginaliziranijih i isključenih skupina. U hrvatskom je zakonodavstvu jasno naglašeno da djeca s teškoćama imaju pravo na inkluzivno obrazovanje i da su škole dužne osigurati uvjete koji vode uspješnom obrazovanju sve djece. Pitanje se, međutim, postavlja u odnosu na razinu u kojoj se zakon provodi u odgojno-obrazovnoj praksi, budući da je nepoznato postoje li uvjeti za njegovu primjerenu primjenu u hrvatskim školama. U ovom je radu prikazan dio rezultata istraživanja koje je provedeno u sklopu projekta "Rane odgojno-obrazovne intervencije temeljene na pokazateljima uspješnosti". Osnovni ciljevi istraživanja su (1) utvrditi područja u kojima učenici s teškoćama trebaju dodatnu podršku i (2) analizirati razlike u doživljenoj inkluzivnoj dimenziji kvalitete obrazovnog procesa iz perspektive učitelja i iz perspektive učenika, u pet hrvatskih redovnih osnovnih škola. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 97 učenika s teškoćama i njihovih 97 standardno razvijenih vršnjaka. Učenici i njihovi učitelji ispunili su dva upitnika o ponašanju učenika koji su razvijeni za potrebe projekta (Upitnik za učenike i Upitnik za učitelje). Rezultati pokazuju da učenici s teškoćama imaju potrebu za dodatnom podrškom u obrazovnom procesu, ali i za podrškom u razvoju primjerenih odnosa s vršnjacima. Međutim, oni ne postižu očekivanu razinu socijalizacije i akademskog uspjeha, što pokazuje da se inkluzivna politika još uvijek nedovoljno dobro implementira u obrazovnu praksu. Autori raspravljaju o različitim razlozima dobivenih rezultata i mogućim načinima prevladavanja uočenog nesuglasja.

Svrha ovoga rada je pružiti razjašnjenje značenja koncepta cjeloživotnog učenja prateći njegov nastanak i razvoj. Polazi se od suvremenog značenja cjeloživotnog učenja a zatim se govori o tome kada, kako i zašto je taj pojam nastao pri čemu se pravi razlika između pojma cjeloživotnog učenja kao ideje i pojma cjeloživotnog učenja kao obrazovno-političkog konstrukta. Navodi se određenje koncepta cjeloživotnog učenja UNESCO-a, OECD-a, Vijeća Europe i Europske Unije koje je autorica iznašla korištenjem metode analize sadržaja na uzorku od ukupno osam ključnih dokumenata navedenih organizacija u okviru dviju razvojnih faza. Pružaju se i definicije pojmova srodnih pojmu cjeloživotnog učenja kako bi se ukazalo na razlike u njihovom i značenju cjeloživotnog učenja. Navode se i razmatraju različite orijentacije, odnosno stajališta o konceptu cjeloživotnog učenja. Na kraju se govori o razlozima zbog kojih je stariji koncept cjeloživotnog obrazovanja zamijenjen novijim konceptom cjeloživotnog učenja. ; The purpose of this paper is to clarify the meaning of the concept of lifelong learning with the reference to its origin and development. First, the contemporary meaning of the lifelong learning is stated after which we discuss as to when, why and how the term was created. In that regard the difference is made between the term of lifelong learning as an idea and the term of lifelong learning as an educational policy concept. By using the content analysis method we identified the meaning of the concept of lifelong learning in a sample of eight key documents of the UNESCO, the OECD, the Council of Europe and the European Union within the two developmental phases, respectively. We then give the explanation of the terms similar to that of the lifelong learning so as to differentiate between them and the term of lifelong learning. We also examine the different orientations, i.e. positions of the concept of lifelong learning. Finally, we discuss the reasons as to why the older concept of lifelong education was replaced with the newer one - lifelong learning.

The author compares the new law on higher education with the program demanded by the Croatian Social-Liberal Party. This is a two-level comparison: a direct comparison of excerpts from the text & the articles of the law, & an indirect comparison of fundamental principles & general policies. The law plays lip service to the requirements for private universities, autonomy, & ideological neutrality. In implementation of the law, the procedures as well as the law itself have been contravened. This is illustrated by a detailed outline of the unsatisfactory provisions of the law & the U of Zagreb statute regarding students. Adapted from the source document.

The author deals with the problem of adjustment to the Bologna process, using the philosophical-political distinctions between open & guided intertraditional exchange, & between utopian & piecemeal social engineering. In his opinion, the process might be perceived as a sort of cultural imperialism that need not be disastrous for its victims. The reform should create the conditions for the organization of serious multidisciplinary studies at the university level (European studies, American studies, gender studies, peace studies, etc). Should changes at the U of Zagreb be implemented systematically, though prudently, the results could be positive. However, the author warns that the role of tradition should not be underestimated nor the possibility of serious quandaries in the implementation of the reform of higher education excluded, even if the changes are introduced gradually. 4 References. Adapted from the source document.

The article evaluates the implementation process of EU educational policy measures & its effects on the German education system. Yet assessing the output today, current surveys show a rather fragile level of identification & particularly a lack of information. On the basis of a three-level analysis the article argues that the reasons for the failure of the German education system to deliver sufficient information about the integration process at school are to be found within various stages of the implementation process. This argumentation contrasts the Liberal intergovernmentalist premise of nationally protected educational systems & its negation of deliberative loyalty transfer. References. Adapted from the source document.

Teacher education at both pre-service and in-service levels is a crucial factor in terms of developing democratic schools. Pre-service education is the first step in the professional development of teachers. Perhaps democratic education should commence at this stage. For this reason it is important to know pre-service teachers' opinions about democratic education and the characteristics of democratic schools. This study aims to investigate pre-service primary teachers' perceptions about democratic education and the main characteristics of democratic schools. The study was designed within basic qualitative research approach. The study group consists of six primary pre-service teachers who attend the 4th year of teacher education programme at a faculty of education. A semi-structured interview form was used for data gathering. Data were analysed using the "content analysis" method. The findings of the study illustrate that pre-service teachers conceptualize the term of democracy with different words based on their experiences; what is more, pre-service teachers have not fully internalized the concept of democracy. The results of the study show that according to pre-service teachers, democracy education can be realized through thematic learning and hands-on activities. It is recommended that policy makers should be aware of the atmosphere of democratic schools and that a curriculum should be designed thematically, which includes democracy in all attainment targets. ; Obrazovanje učitelja na razini osposobljavanja budućih učitelja i na razini usavršavanja zaposlenih učitelja ključan je faktor za razvoj demokratskih škola. Obrazovanje budućih učitelja prvi je korak u profesionalnom razvoju učitelja. Stoga bi možda i demokratsko obrazovanje trebalo započeti na toj razini. Upravo je zbog toga važno znati kakva stajališta imaju budući učitelji o demokratskom obrazovanju i o karakteristikama demokratskih škola. Cilj ovoga istraživanja jest proučiti percepciju budućih učitelja primarnoga obrazovanja o demokratskom obrazovanju i o osnovnim karakteristikama demokratskih škola. Istraživanje je oblikovano u okviru kvalitativnoga pristupa istraživanju. Skupina koja je sudjelovala u istraživanju sastojala se od šest budućih učitelja primarnoga obrazovanja koji su upisani u četvrtu godinu programa za obrazovanje učitelja na učiteljskom fakultetu. Za dobivanje podataka koristio se polustrukturirani intervju. Podatci su analizirani primjenom metode "analize sadržaja". Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da budući učitelji koncipiraju pojam demokracija različitim riječima i na osnovi njihovih iskustava; štoviše, budući učitelji nisu u potpunosti usvojili pojam demokracija. Nadalje, prema stavovima budućih učitelja, demokratsko obrazovanje može se ostvariti putem tematskog i praktičnog učenja. Savjetuje se da tvorci obrazovne politike budu u potpunosti osviješteni o atmosferi demokratskih škola te da se kurikul tematski osmišljava, što uključuje demokratičnost na svim razinama postignuća.

Kroz analizu pedagoških diskursa, nastavnih programa, školskih naredbi, školskih priručnika i disciplinarnih propisa u knjizi je prikazana spolna politika obrazovanja žena u Banskoj Hrvatskoj od 1868. do 1918. godine. Tadašnja spolna politika određivala je što trebaju znati muškarci a što trebaju znati žene stvarajući jasnu spolnu granicu unutar tadašnjeg obrazovnog sustava. Školska spolna politika imala je određeni utjecaj na pokušaje naturalizacije spolnih uloga, uloga koje su određivale kako bi ljudi trebali živjeti u skladu sa svojim spolnim identitetom što je osobito bilo izraženo u odgojno-obrazovnoj konstrukciji poželjnog identiteta žene kao kućanice

The purpose of this paper is to develop theoretical framework that can be applied in the analysis and empirical research on school management efficiency in the Croatian context. The paper contains explanations of significant dimensions based on which it is possible to monitor the practice of school management at the local level, and provides discussions regarding modalities of measures for strengthening school and student capacities that are implemented in certain local self-governments. A review of available data reveals that investment priorities of local self-government units in various types of interventions significantly vary in different local environments and that the possibility of investing in programmes that are thought to be connected with strengthening the achievements of schools and students depends on how developed the existing material prerequisites for the smooth operation of schools are. Guidelines for using efficient support mechanisms in cooperation between local management authorities (school founders) and school institutions are also analysed and proposed. ; Svrha je ovog rada razvijanje teorijskog okvira koji se može primijeniti za analizu i empirijska istraživanja učinkovitosti upravljanja školama na lokalnoj razini u hrvatskom kontekstu. U radu su eksplicirane bitne dimenzije prema kojima je moguće pratiti praksu upravljanja školama na lokalnoj razini, i komentirani su primjeri modaliteta mjera jačanja školskih i učeničkih kapaciteta koje se provode u određenim lokalnim samoupravama. Pregled dostupnih podataka pokazuje da prioriteti ulaganja jedinica lokalne samouprave u različite tipove intervencija bitno variraju u različitim lokalnim zajednicama, a mogućnost ulaganja u programe za koje postoje indicije da su povezani s jačanjem školskih i učeničkih postignuća ovisi o tome koliko su otprije razvijene osnovne materijalne pretpostavke za nesmetano funkcioniranje škola. Analizirane su i predložene smjernice za korištenje učinkovitih mehanizama potpore na relaciji suradnje između lokalnih instanci upravljanja (osnivača škola) i školskih ustanova.

Cilj je ovog preglednog rada istaknuti važnost rasprave o temi sveučilišne nastave i nastavničkih kompetencija visokoškolskih nastavnika. U sustavu visokog obrazovanja tijekom posljednjih desetljeća događaju se brojne promjene koje se uočavaju kroz drastičan porast i sve veću heterogenost studentske populacije, iz čega proizlazi potreba za redefiniranjem uloge sveučilišnog nastavnika. Iako sveučilišni nastavnici jesu stručnjaci u znanstvenim poljima kojima se bave, dubinsko poznavanje sadržaja predmeta poučavanja ne čini ih istodobno stručnjacima za nastavu. Istraživanja su pokazala da su programi pedagoškog osposobljavanja i usavršavanja sveučilišnih nastavnika učinkoviti u podizanju kvalitete sveučilišne nastave te da doprinose razvoju nastavničkih kompetencija, a njihova važnost konstantno se naglašava i u smjernicama strateških dokumenata na razini europske obrazovne politike. U hrvatskom sustavu visokog obrazovanja uočavaju se brojni izazovi koji doprinose negativnoj percepciji nastavničke profesije, stoga se javlja potreba za dubljim istraživanjem ove teme i promišljanjem o izazovima implementacije programa za osposobljavanje i usavršavanje sveučilišnih nastavnika. ; The aim of this paper review is to emphasize the importance of a discussion about teaching in higher education and teaching competencies of university teachers. In recent decades in higher education system, a number of changes has been evident, especially through a drastic increase and larger heterogeneity of student population, which implies the need to redefine the role of university teachers. Although university teachers are experts in their scientific fields, a deeper knowledge of teaching content does not make them experts on teaching at the same time. Research has shown that the programs of pedagogical education and training of university teachers are effective in raising the quality of university teaching and can contribute to the development of teacher competencies. The importance of those programs is constantly emphasized in the guidelines and strategic documents of European education policy. Numerous challenges that contribute to the negative perception of the teaching profession were identified in the Croatian system of higher education. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper study of this topic and a reflection on the challenges of the implementation of programs for education and training for university teachers.

In this paper, the author has tried to describe the relationship between Rawls's concept of the person, social cooperation, & political education. Rawls precisely links political education with the liberal political outlook & not to life in general. Hence, the importance for his theory of the notion of "reasonable pluralism" & the reasonably disagreeing conceptions of a good life. The author has tried to show that, for Rawls, it is the concept of the reasonable individual that is the goal of political education, ie, the ability of a person to adopt the fundamental principles of justice as the conditions for social cooperation, while the "burdens of judgment" are the source & the framework of fundamental political virtues (toleration, respect, reciprocity, politeness, etc) that Rawls promotes & considers important for the idea of the public reason, ie, a sort of deliberative democracy, as well as for the very existence & stability of a political system. Thus, Rawls got involved in the debate on the conception of liberal virtues & the possibility of their political socialization & education. 30 References. Adapted from the source document.