Suchergebnisse

Interview data collected in 1978 from a national sample of adults (N = 2,002) & a subsample of spouses married to one another (N = 682) are used to examine the effect of background factors & beliefs about Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) consequences on ERA approval, the effect of background factors on beliefs about consequences, & spouse effects on opinion. ERA approval is most affected by spouse's opinion & by certain beliefs about the consequences. 4 Tables. Modified HA.

AbstractThe Knobe effect (Analysis 63(3):190–194, 2003a) consists in our tendency to attribute intentionality to bringing about a side effect when it is morally bad but not when it is morally good. Beebe and Buckwalter (Mind Lang 25:474–498, 2010) have demonstrated that there is an epistemic side-effect effect (ESEE): people are more inclined to attribute knowledge when the side effect is bad in Knobe-type cases. ESEE is quite robust. In this paper, I present a new explanation of ESEE. I argue that when people attribute knowledge in morally negative cases, they express a consequence-knowledge claim (knowledge that a possible consequence of an action is that harm will occur) rather than a predictive claim (knowledge that harm will actually occur). I use the omissions account (Paprzycka in Mind Lang 30(5):550–571, 2015) to explain why the consequence-knowledge claim is particularly salient in morally negative cases. Unlike the doxastic heuristic account (Alfano et al. in Monist 95(2):264–289, 2012), the omissions account can explain the persistence of ESEE in the so-called slight-chance of harm conditions. I present the results of empirical studies that test the predictions of the account. I show that ESEE occurs in Butler-type scenarios. Some of the studies involve close replications of Nadelhoffer's (Analysis 64(3):277–284, 2004) study.

Prior research has examined the incorporation outcomes among unauthorized migrants after implementation of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). However, few studies have evaluated how legalization opportunities produce gendered outcomes among the second-generation children of unauthorized immigrants. We examine the association of legalization opportunities provided through IRCA with the years of schooling attained by the sons and daughters of Mexican American immigrants. By distinguishing likely eligibility for one of two programs implemented under IRCA—the Legally Authorized Workers and Special Agricultural Workers programs—we consider whether type of legalization program matters by assessing gender differences in schooling among children of Mexican immigrants. Although legalization provides a substantial educational premium for the children of Mexican immigrants regardless of gender, the size of the legalization premium is smaller, on average, for sons than daughters. The advantage to daughters is especially notable among those with parents eligible for the Special Agricultural Workers program. We consider these findings in the context of theories of immigrant incorporation and intergenerational mobility.

Intro -- EARTHQUAKES: RISK FACTORS, SEISMIC EFFECTS AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: IMPLEMENTING EARTHQUAKE RISK COMMUNICATION: AN EVALUATION OF MAINSTREAM AND EDUCATIONAL VIDEO GAMES ON EARTHQUAKES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSEQUENCES OF EARTHQUAKES -- EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS EFFORTS -- THE POTENTIAL OF VIDEO GAMES IN EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS EFFORTS -- THE VIDEO GAME DIFFERENCE: ACTIVE VERSUS PASSIVE MEDIA EXPOSURE -- VIDEO GAMES FOR ENACTIVE MASTERY EXPERIENCE -- USING VIDEO GAMES FOR RISK COMMUNICATION -- USING MAINSTREAM AND EDUCATIONAL VIDEO GAMES FOR EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS -- EVALUATION OF MAINSTREAM AND EDUCATIONAL VIDEO GAMES FOR EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS -- EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS RELEVANCE -- EDUCATIONAL VALUE -- ADAPTABILITY -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USING AND DESIGNING EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS VIDEO GAMES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: NEW METHODOLOGY TO ESTIMATE PEAK GROUND AND SPECTRAL ACCELERATION RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMPETITIVE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM -- 3. PROBLEM FORMULATION -- 4. ILLUSTRATIVE STUDIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: SEISMIC PRA: STREAMLINING HAZARD FREQUENCY CURVE REPRESENTATION VIA DISTRIBUTIONAL FITTING -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HAZARD FREQUENCY CURVES -- 3. APPLICATION TO SEISMIC RISK ESTIMATE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: A RISK- AND COST-BASED METHODOLOGY FOR THE SEISMIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GENERAL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF LIMIT STATE DEFINITIONS -- 3. PROBABILISTIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY -- 4. EXAMPLE APPLICATION OF THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY -- 5. RESULTS OF THE PROBABILISTIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

We assess the asymptotic consequences of estimating static models based on cross‐section or panel data, when in reality the data are generated by a dynamic relationship, involving lagged dependent and current and lagged exogenous variables as well as individual effects. If the exogenous variable follows a stationary process, then the static estimators usually underestimate its long‐run effect. This inconsistency is less severe, the higher the autocorrelation of the exogenous variable. If the exogenous variable follows a random walk with or without individual‐specific drift, then the estimators are found to be consistent for the long‐run effect.

Financial literacy, household financial decisions making, childhood, gender, peer effects. - Haushalts Finanzentscheidungen, Kindkeit, Geschlecht

This paper discusses the economic effects of EU enlargement for the group of Central and East European accession countries (ACs). It consists of three parts In Part A the financial aspects of accession to the EU are explained. It deals firstly with the outcome of the negotiations at the December 2002 European Council Summit in Copenhagen in relation to the expected flows of net transfers over the period 2004-2006. The most uncertain component of these transfers are related to the project-related funds, their disbursement and fiscal implications because of co-financing requirements. Secondly, we discuss the issue of the longer-run negotiations with respect to the Financial Framework to be decided for the period 2007-2013, here the issue of the formation of likely new coalitions within the enlarged European Union is dealt with and possible winners and losers in such negotiations are identified. In Part B we discuss the difficulties the new members will face upon accession in the conduct of macroeconomic policy. In particular, the crucial issue of fast vs. delayed entry to the European Monetary Union (EMU) will shape the constraints within which the conduct of fiscal and monetary policy will have to take place. It is quite likely that it is this issue which will dominate the medium-run growth prospects of the new members upon accession. Part C explores the longer-run growth and convergence scenarios for the new member states. It describes the relative growth performance of the ACs in relation to the EU so far and discusses the reasons why the growth performances might remain more volatile compared to those of the current EU member countries.